- •1. My future profession моя майбутня спеціальність
- •My future profession
- •2. Odessa state medical university одеський державний медичний університет
- •Odessa state medical university
- •3. Nikolay ivanovich pirogov микола іванович пирогов
- •Nikolay ivanovich pirogov
- •From theory to surgery
- •4. Human body будова тіла людини
- •Human body
- •5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
- •The oral cavity
- •Some facts from the history of medicine and dentistry
- •Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
- •Anatomy of a tooth
- •Supporting Structures
- •Anatomy of individual teeth
- •7. Sets of teeth набір зубів
- •Sets of teeth
- •The number and surfaces of the teeth кількість та поверхні зубів
- •The number of the teeth The Deciduous Teeth
- •The Permanent Teeth
- •Surfaces of the teeth
- •9. Dental formulas. Tooth roots зубна формула. Корні зубів
- •Dental formulas
- •Tooth roots
- •Tooth roots
- •10. Oral hygiene гігієна ротової порожнини
- •Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental disease
- •Tooth brushing and plaque removal
- •11. Caries. Causes of caries карієс. Причини карієсу
- •Caries. Causes of caries
- •12. Pulp diseases хвороби пульпи
- •Pulp diseases
- •13. Periodontal diseases хвороби періодонта
- •Periodontal diseases
- •(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту
- •Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- •(Down, after, off, for, by, to, from, of, at, in, on, with, before)
- •15. The examination of the oral cavity огляд ротової поожнини
- •The examination of the oral cavity
- •Examination of the teeth
- •16. Case his tories історія хвороби. Стоматологічний аналіз
- •Case history
- •Case history
- •17. Dental radiography стоматологічна рентгенологія
- •Dental radiography
- •18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
- •Dental anesthesia
- •19. Analgetics in dentistry анальгетики у стоматологічній практиці
- •Analgetics in dentistry
- •20. Dental instruments стоматологічне обладнання
- •Dental instruments
- •21. At a chemist’s в аптеці
- •At the chemist’s
- •22. Oral candidiasis кандидоз ротової порожнини
- •Oral candidiasis
- •Classification
- •Risk factors
- •Management
- •Prognosis
- •23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів
- •Teeth malformation
- •Teeth malformation
- •24. Oral cancer рак ротової порожнини
- •Oral cancer
- •(By, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •25. Writing a summary складання summary
- •Writing a summary
- •Cleft lip (harelip)
- •Odontogenic cysts
- •26. Blood кров. Зараження крові
- •27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
- •Systems of the body
- •28. History of dentistry історія стоматології
- •History of dentistry
- •History of dentistry
- •29. The evolution of dental technologies. Modern dental technologies сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології
- •The evolution of dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Air Abrasion
Examination of the teeth
Examination of the teeth should be the final part of the oral examination. Any number of developmental defects of the teeth may be apparent. Partial anodontia is a common occurrence, especially involving the maxillary lateral incisors. Supernumerary teeth (eg. mesiodens) also are commonly noted. Missing teeth and supernumerary teeth are commonly found in a variety of inherited disorders (eg, Gardner syndrome, oral facial digital syndrome). Gross decay of the occlusal (biting) surfaces of the teeth usually appears as discolored cavitations and represents the sequelae of poor oral hygiene. Decay involving the interproximal (tooth-to-tooth contact) surfaces may not be clinically apparent without the aid of dental radiographs. The decay at the gingival margins of the teeth adjacent to the attached gingiva may be the first manifestation of xerostomia. Root surface caries are also commonly observed in geriatric patients with gingival recession.
POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 3. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
Огляд зубів; будь яка кількість дефектів; часткова відсутність зубів; додаткові зуби; успадковані порушення; наслідок поганої гігієни; стоматологічні рентгенівські знімки; суміжні зубі; перші прояви хвороби; у старих людей; рецесія ясен; видимі пошкодження.
Exercise 4. Look at the media files. Check the meaning of the new words. Be ready to describe each file in your own words:
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Media file 1: The vermilion borders of the lips should be smooth and pliable.
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Media file 2: The labial mucosa should be smooth and glistening. | |
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Media file 3: The dorsal surface of the tongue is an admixture of thin, keratinized, filiform papillae interspersed with pink mushroom-shaped fungiform papillae. | ||
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Media file 4: The hard palate is keratinized and covered by a series of fibrous ridges or rugae. The mucosa overlays a number of minor salivary glands. | ||
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Media file 5: The soft palate is not usually keratinized and is more vascular than the hard palate, creating the darker red color. | ||
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Media file 6: The attached gingiva adjacent to the teeth is keratinized and tightly bound to bone. Healthy noninflamed gingiva is stippled and resembles citrus rind (peau d' orange). | ||
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Media file 7: Alveolar mucosa extends from the mucogingival junction to cover the mucobuccal fold. It is not keratinized and often appears darker than the alveolar mucosa.
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TEST
The oral examination is an area of physical diagnosis but much information can be gained …. a systematic evaluation.
out
in
of
through
from
The primary objective is … between health and disease.
to distinguish
distinguish
distinguishes
distinguishing
distinguished
An oral examination can be supplemented by ….of the oral soft tissues.
X-ray
TC scan
Biopsy
Autopsy
Paracentesis
Always begin the evaluation of a patient with oral symptoms with an extraoral….. examination.
tooth
oral cavity
head and neck
gingival
gingival margin
….healthy individuals, the labial mucosa is smooth, soft, and well lubricated.
on
at
in
from
by
Anxiety regarding the examination may …a transient xerostomia.
result from
result
results in
result in
resulted in
The mucosa becomes …to the touch.
lackey
moist
dry
tacky
smooth
The dorsal surface of the tongue … touching the tip of the chin.
are most easily visualized by
is most easily visualized with
is less easily visualized by
is most easily visualized by
is most difficulty visualized by
Direct visual inspection of the hard palate is …with the use of an intraoral mirror.
Accomplished
Finished
Completed
Accompanied
Ended
The soft palate is nonkeratinized and … in color.
salmon-blue
salmon-gray
salmon-pink
salmon-green
salmon-pink
The most common cause of …is poor dental hygiene.
erythema of the gingivae
erythrogenesis of the gingivae
erythremia of the gingivae
erythralgia of the gingivae
erotopathy of the gingivae
Redness of the skin usually …in patches, caused by irritation or injury to the tissue.
develops
occurs
proves
appears
seems
Partial anodontia is a common occurrence, especially involving the maxillary lateral…
molars
cuspids
canines
premolars
molars
The decay at the gingival margins of the teeth adjacent to the attached gingiva may be the first manifestation of…
xerosis
xenophobia
xerostomia
xanthoma
xanthemia
Root surface caries are also commonly observed in …with gingival recession.
children
men
woman
geriatric patients
patients
The vermilion borders of the lips … smooth and pliable.
may be
should be
should
must
be
The dorsal surface of the … is an admixture of thin, keratinized, filiform papillae.
tongue
palate
gingival
periosteum
gland
The hard palate is keratinized and covered … a series of fibrous ridges or rugae.
With
In
From
Out
By
The soft palate is more vascular than the hard palate, creating the …color.
darker blue
darker green
darker grey
darker red
darker yellow
Alveolar mucosa …and often appears to be darker than the alveolar mucosa.
is keratinized
are not keratinized
is not keratinize
is not keratinized
is keratinized