- •1. My future profession моя майбутня спеціальність
- •My future profession
- •2. Odessa state medical university одеський державний медичний університет
- •Odessa state medical university
- •3. Nikolay ivanovich pirogov микола іванович пирогов
- •Nikolay ivanovich pirogov
- •From theory to surgery
- •4. Human body будова тіла людини
- •Human body
- •5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
- •The oral cavity
- •Some facts from the history of medicine and dentistry
- •Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
- •Anatomy of a tooth
- •Supporting Structures
- •Anatomy of individual teeth
- •7. Sets of teeth набір зубів
- •Sets of teeth
- •The number and surfaces of the teeth кількість та поверхні зубів
- •The number of the teeth The Deciduous Teeth
- •The Permanent Teeth
- •Surfaces of the teeth
- •9. Dental formulas. Tooth roots зубна формула. Корні зубів
- •Dental formulas
- •Tooth roots
- •Tooth roots
- •10. Oral hygiene гігієна ротової порожнини
- •Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental disease
- •Tooth brushing and plaque removal
- •11. Caries. Causes of caries карієс. Причини карієсу
- •Caries. Causes of caries
- •12. Pulp diseases хвороби пульпи
- •Pulp diseases
- •13. Periodontal diseases хвороби періодонта
- •Periodontal diseases
- •(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту
- •Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- •(Down, after, off, for, by, to, from, of, at, in, on, with, before)
- •15. The examination of the oral cavity огляд ротової поожнини
- •The examination of the oral cavity
- •Examination of the teeth
- •16. Case his tories історія хвороби. Стоматологічний аналіз
- •Case history
- •Case history
- •17. Dental radiography стоматологічна рентгенологія
- •Dental radiography
- •18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
- •Dental anesthesia
- •19. Analgetics in dentistry анальгетики у стоматологічній практиці
- •Analgetics in dentistry
- •20. Dental instruments стоматологічне обладнання
- •Dental instruments
- •21. At a chemist’s в аптеці
- •At the chemist’s
- •22. Oral candidiasis кандидоз ротової порожнини
- •Oral candidiasis
- •Classification
- •Risk factors
- •Management
- •Prognosis
- •23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів
- •Teeth malformation
- •Teeth malformation
- •24. Oral cancer рак ротової порожнини
- •Oral cancer
- •(By, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •25. Writing a summary складання summary
- •Writing a summary
- •Cleft lip (harelip)
- •Odontogenic cysts
- •26. Blood кров. Зараження крові
- •27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
- •Systems of the body
- •28. History of dentistry історія стоматології
- •History of dentistry
- •History of dentistry
- •29. The evolution of dental technologies. Modern dental technologies сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології
- •The evolution of dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Air Abrasion
27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:
muscular ['mΛskjulə]; circulatory ['sə:kjulətəri]; digestive [di'dʒstiv]; respiratory [ris'paiərətəri]; urinary ['juərinəri]; associate [ə'səu∫ieit]; blood [blΛd]; nitrogenous [ nai'trכdʒinəs]; urethra[juə'ri:θrə]; dioxide [dai'כrsaid].
Exercise 2. Topical vocabulary:
circulatory system система кровообігу
digestive травний
respiratory дихальний
reproductive репродуктивна, пов'язана з розмноженням
processing обробка
nutrients живильні речовини
waste продукти розпаду
to remove видаляти
to discharge виділяти
Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations:
reproductory system, digestive system, cellular wastes, spinal cord, all necessary means, blood stream, associated glands, nitrogenous wastes, throughout the body.
Exercise 4. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice:
The blood is pumped through the blood vessels.
Special substances required by cells are carried by the blood stream.
The urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
A large number of activities are regulated by the endocrine system.
The urine is discharged through the urethra.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:
Systems of the body
There are nine main systems of the body: the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the circulatory, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages, which join them. The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures. The main function of this system is to move us about.
The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors. It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing, and communicating information.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood, which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart. Its function is chiefly that of transportation system: the nutrients, oxygen, and special substances which are required by cells are carried by the blood stream; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the blood stream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures. Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream, and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood: the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body which produce regulatory substances called hormones. The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 6. Answer the questions:
1. What is the function of the skeletal system?
2. What is the function of the muscular systems?
3. What is carried by the blood-stream?
4. What is the function of the respiratory system?
5. What does the endocrine system serve for?
6. Where are the hormones produced?
Exercise 7. Agree or contradict the following:
1. The skeletal system serves to move us about.
2. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the kidneys and blood vessels.
3. The main function of the respiratory system is to convey oxygen to the lungs.
4. The endocrine system consists of a number of vessels.
5. The urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences:
1. Основна функція скелетної системи - структурна.
2. Система травлення складається з травного каналу і декількох залоз.
3. Основна функція дихальної системи - переносити кисень в легені і видаляти....
4. Ендокринна система служить для регулювання різноманітних видів діяльності.
5. Два сечоводи переміщають сечу з нирок.
6. Ендокринна система складається з ряду залоз по всьому тілу.
Exercise 9. Make the sentences interrogative:
The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs and associated structures.
The cellular wastes are carried away by the blood stream.
There are 9 main systems in the body.
The endocrine system serves to regulate various activities.
Exercise 10. Make the sentences negative:
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood.
The nutrients, oxygen and special substances are carried by the blood stream.
The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The air can enter the blood stream.
The urine is stored in the bladder.
TEST
1. The chief function of the skeletal system is …
a) reproductive
b) respiratory
c) structural
d) motor
e) excretory
2. The main function of the respiratory system is to convey … to the lungs.
a) hydrogen
b) calcium
c) carbon
d) oxygen
e) carbon dioxide
3. The main function of the muscular system is … the body.
a) to rotate
b) to lay down
c) to rise
d) to straighten
e) to move
4. There are … main systems of the body.
a) five
b) six
c) seven
d) eight
e) nine
5. The nutrients, oxygen and special substances required by cells are carried out by the …
a) lymph
b) cytoplasm
c) blood stream
d) digestive system
e) alimentary canal
6. Two kidney produce … by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood.
a) lipids
b) urine
c) carbohydrates
d) proteins
e) insulin
7. The endocrine system produces regulatory substances called …
a) lipids
b) urine
c) carbohydrates
d) hormones
e) proteins
8. The urine is stored in the …
a) kidneys
b) ureter
c) bladder
d) urethra
e) intestines
9. The two ureters convey the urine … from the kidneys.
a) into
b) out of
c) out
d) for
e) away
10. The nervous system is a complex information system … all necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.
a) of
b) with
c) by
d) at
e) to