Key to the Test (p.132):

1. d 4. a 7. a 10. c 12. a

2. b 5. d 8. c 11. d

3. b 6. b 9. a

Focus on Grammar

Infinitive / The –ing form

Verb + ing

1. Here are some verbs that are followed by –ing:

stop delay fancy consider admit enjoy

finish postpone imagine avoid deny suggest

miss risk involve practise mind dislike

give up (=stop) think

put off (= postpone)

carry on / go on (= do something repeatedly)

Look at these examples: I enjoy dancing (not ”I enjoy to dance”).

Would you mind closing the door? (not ”mind to close”).

He suggested going to the cinema (not ”suggested to go”).

Paula has given up smoking.

Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking.

Are you thinking of buying a car?

Verb + to

2.

offer decide hope deserve attempt promise

agree plan aim afford manage threaten

refuse arrange learn forget fail

Study the examples:

We decided not to get out because of the weather.

I promised not to be late.

3.

want ask help would prefer would love

expect beg would like would hate

These verbs are followed by to… (infinitive). The structure can be:

Verb + to or verb + object + to

We expected to be late. We expected Tom to be late.

Would you like to go now? Would you like me to go now?

4. There are two possible structures after these verbs. Compare:

Verb + –ing (without an object) verb + object + to

advice recommend encourage allow permit forbid

She doesn’t allow smoking. She doesn’t allow us to smoke

in the house. in the house.

5. These verbs can be followed by –ing or to with little or no difference in meaning.

begin start intend continue

So you can say:

John intends buying a house. John intends to buy a house.

1. In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example.

Example: 1. A: Is this problem too difficult for you to solve?

B: Yes, it`s too difficult. I can`t solve it.

2. book/boring/to read.

3. school/uniform/expensive/to buy.

4. the Eleven Plus/easy/to pass.

5. boarding school/comfortable/to live.

6. dish in a school canteen/expensive/to buy.

7. exercise/difficult/to do.

8. school bag/heavy/to carry.

9. lecture/difficult/to listen to.

10. evening school/expensive/to pay.

2. What do Kharkiv applicants want to know at the Education Information Center?

Example: 1. ‘What are the oldest universities in Ukraine?’

Kharkiv applicants want to know what the oldest universities in Ukraine are.

2. ‘How can we find out about Kharkiv National Pedagogical University?’

3. ‘Is the tuition fee-paying or free in Kharkiv National Universtity?’

4. ‘Which way is the faculty of foreign languages of Kharkiv National Pedagogical University?’

5. ‘When does the academic year start?’

6. ‘Is there the Institute of Postgraduate Education in Kharkiv National Pedagogical University?’

7. ‘When does the first term start?’

8. ‘Which way is Kharkiv Medical University?’

9. ‘When does the vacation start?’

10. ‘How can we find out about the degrees which are given by Kharkiv universities?’

3. Choose the most appropriate verb from the box. Remember they all follow the pattern verb+infinitive.

offer agree order refuse decide promise fail

Example: 1. John`s parents decided to spend more time with their child.

2. The school administration … to set up tutorials.

3. The pupils like this teacher as he … to increase the amount of homework.

4. The pupils had enough time for independent work but … to pass their exams.

5. The teacher … the pupils who behave especially badly in class to go to the headteacher`s office.

6. The regional education authorities … to give grants to some schools of the city.

7. The teachers … the pupils to provide sick notes when they are absent.

8. The school administration … to improve library facilities and organize a Parent Teacher Association.

9. The district education authorities … to appoint some extra staff.

10. The school administration … to install more computers.