The presentation itself

Most presentations are divided into 3 main parts (+ questions):

• Introduction

• Main Body

• Conclusion

As a general rule in communication, repetition is valuable. In presentations, there is a golden rule about repetition:

"SAY WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO SAY, SAY IT, THEN SAY WHAT YOU HAVE JUST SAID."

In other words, use the three parts of your presentation to reinforce your message:

In the introduction, say what your message is going to be.

In the main body, say your real message.

In the conclusion, say what your message was.

Unit 2 Presentations: Introduction

Exercise 1. In any presentation the beginning is crucial. Certainly some things are essential in an introduction and others are useful. Here is a list of what could be included in an introduction. Mark them according to how necessary they are (1- most necessary, 9-least necessary)

• Subject / title of talk.

• Introduction to oneself, job title, etc.

• Reference to questions and/or discussion.

• Reference to the program for the day.

• Reference to how long you are going to speak for.

• Reference to the visual aids you plan to use.

• The scope of your talk: what is and is not included.

• An outline of the structure of your talk.

• A summary of the conclusions.

Exercise 2. Listen to the beginning of a presentation on the marketing plans for a new telecommunications system produced by Telco.

a) Is it a good introduction?

b) Why? Why not?

Exercise 3. Now listen to a second example of an introduction to a presentation. This one is about plans to develop a new production plant in Taiwan.

As you listen, think about these points:

a) Is it a good introduction?

b) Why? Why not?

Exercise 4. Work in pairs. Each of you should suggest a possible phrase for each of the cues below.

1. Greet your audience.

2. Introduce yourself.

3. Give the title of your talk.

4. Describe the structure of your talk.

5. Explain that the audience can interrupt if they want.

6. Say something about the length of your talk.

7. Say a colleague will be showing a video later.

Now listen to the recording of a model introduction based on suitable phrases for a-g.

Exercise 5. Read the given tips on how make a successful introduction. Match the sub-titles below with the most appropriate tip.

A Tell a story or start with a joke

B Start with a quote from an important person

C Use a bold statement or an interesting statistic

D Write about a problem

E Speak about necessary background information

F Start with a question

Giving Powerful Introductions

When you write, what's the best way to begin? Here are six ways to give better introductions.

1.

Everybody has problems! Most of our energy each day is spent trying to solve problems. By starting your talk with a problem, you automatically hook your audience into searching for a solution. Your audience will start to think about how they might solve the problem or wonder what solution you have in mind. But be careful not to take too much time on the problem itself. This is an introduction, not the body of your presentation.

2)

A very brief story or joke that illustrates your main idea can also hook the audience. Use clear details and vivid descriptions to appeal to your audience ' senses and emotions. For example, if you want your audience to give up smoking, describe the painful effects of an elderly person who is unable to stop coughing, unable to breathe freely. If you are talking about an interesting place, describe what the audience would see, what they would hear, what they would taste, so that they can almost feel they are there. A joke, if it really fits the topic, can also make your audience more receptive to your ideas.

3)

This is one of the easiest ways to begin your talk. However, be careful not to use questions that are too simple. If everyone already knows the answer, they will not be interested in what you say next. Remember, you have to make them think! "Do you like to eat?" is not very interesting. However, "Have you ever spent more than $100 dollars on one meal?" will make your audience start dreaming!

4)

If you begin with something like, "In the United States, fifty percent of all marriages end in divorce!", your audience will want to know your point of view on this topic. You can look up statistics on the Internet for just about any topic, so go to it!

5)

This kind of introduction has two advantages. As with the other ways, it gets your audience to think about what you will say next. In addition, the words of important people have the ability to persuade many people. "If Bill Gates said it, it's probably true", many people will think.

6)

This is not a very interesting way to begin, but sometimes it's necessary to help your audience before you begin. Some topics will be too difficult for audience to follow without some help, so you may have to provide basic information first. If possible, try to speak about this information using one of the five opening techniques above!

Language Note

Introduction

1. Greeting the audience: "Good morning, ladies and gentlemen" "Good afternoon, everybody" 2. Introducing yourself "Let me take a minute to introduce myself. " "My name is ________ and I represent _______." 3. Introducing the subject: "My purpose today is to introduce our new range of..." "I am going to talk about..." "The subject of my talk is ... " "I'd like to give you an overview of ... " 4. Outlining the structure: * "My talk will be in (three) parts. First ... Second ... Third/Finally…" "I’ve divided my presentation into three parts. First, I’ll talk about ... Second ... Third ... "

5. Timing "My talk will take about ten minutes. " 6. Policy on questions / discussion "Please interrupt if you have any questions." "I'll try to answer any of your questions after the presentation." "After the presentation there will be time for any questions (and a discussion). " 7. Ending the introduction "That's all for the introduction. " "So that concludes the introduction. "

* When you drive on the roads, you know where you are. Each road has a name. Each town has a name. And each house has a number. You can look at the signposts for directions. It is easy to navigate the roads. You cannot get lost. But when you give a presentation, how can your audience know where they are? They know because you tell them. Because you put up signposts for them, at the beginning and all along the route. This technique is called 'signposting' (or 'signalling' / 'sequencing' / 'ordering'). Use this technique in all three parts of your presentation: introduction, body and conclusion!