- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Lesson 1
- •Дієслово to be в Indefinite Active
- •Notes to the Text
- •British Universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Lutsk National Technical University
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 2
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Sсience and Technological Progress in Modern Society
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 2b Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I am a Student
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 3
- •Відмінювання стандартного дієслова to work у Past Indefinite
- •Відмінювання нестандартного дієслова to write у Past Indefinite
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Is there an End of the Computer Race?
- •Notes to the Text
- •From the history of computer.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •English Language
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 4
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Indefinite Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Internet
- •Notes to the Text
- •Programming Languages
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Music, Television, and Video Games as a Way of Spending Leisure Time
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 5
- •Відмінювання дієслова to work у Present Continuous Active
- •Відмінювання дієслова to work у Future Continuous Active
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Environmental Protection in Ukraine
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 6 Grammar. Часи групи Continuous Passive
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Continuous Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the text
- •Yuri Kondratyuk and the Moon
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Science in Ukraine
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 7
- •Відмінювання дієслова to write у часах групи Perfect Active
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Electricity
- •Notes to the Text.
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The youth of America.
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 8
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Perfect Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Changes in Matter
- •The Science of Ice
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Engineering Profession
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 9
- •Узгодження часів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Television
- •Notes to the Text
- •Telegraph
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Mass media засоби масової інформації
- •Mass Media
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 10.
- •Форми модальних дієслів
- •Еквіваленти модальних дієслів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Made in Space
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Ukraine’s Economy
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 11
- •Форми дієприкметника теперішнього часу
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Transport for Tomorrow.
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 11b How It Works.
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 12
- •Утворення форми дієприкметника минулого часу
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Time Travel and New Universes
- •Notes to the Text
- •The Role of Gravity
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Lesson 13
- •Форми інфінітиву
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 13b Optical Technology
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Developing the Telecommunications
- •Notes to the Text
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 14
- •Форми герундія
- •Vocabulary notes
- •A New Era for Aircraft
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Economy of the usa
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 15.
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the Text
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Industry of Great Britain
- •Key dates in science
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Descending to New Ocean Depths
- •Notes to the Text
- •Types of Submersible
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Money in the Modern World
- •Key dates in science
- •Префіксів та суфіксів
- •Lesson 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- •43018 Луцьк, вул. Львівська, 75
Yuri Kondratyuk and the Moon
In the field of cosmic research Ukraine’s contribution is represented by many well-known names among which of the first belongs to Yuri Vasylyovych Kondratyuk (Olexandr Shargey). The dramatic circumstances of his life made him live under the assumed name and world fame came to him many years after his death.
The time and place of his birth are known: June 21, 1897, Poltava. After finishing the 2nd Poltava gymnasium he entered St. Petersburg University in 1916. In 1918-1925 he was working in Poltava, Kyiv and some smaller towns and since 1925 in the Northern Caucasus. In 1927 he moved to Novosibirsk where his occupation was designing elevating gears. In the 30s he worked in Kharkiv at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Industrial Energetics. He stood at the head of the group of scientists whose task was designing and constructing a huge wind-power station. Working in Moscow before the war he devoted much of his time to energetics problems. It is a well-known fact that in building the Ostankino teletower, specialists used Y. Kondratyuk’s workings out of reinforced towers construction and wind-power technique. The exact time of his death and his burial-place are unknown: early October 1941, or 1942, Kaluga district (he had been killed in action at the front).
Y. Kondratyuk is often referred to as Ukrainian Tsiolkovsky. It was Kondratyuk who suggested the idea of creating a base round the Moon and his idea was later realized in the Appolo Flight programme in 1969. This flight and landing the Moon would have been impossible without Y. Kondratyuk’s solving a number of problems: defining the optimal trajectory of cosmic flights, proving the theory of multi-stage space rockets, suggesting some metals and non-metals and their hydrogen compounds as rocket fuel.
This great scientist and engineer didn’t realize his gift and talent to the full. His memory is dear to us. A crater on the back side of the Moon was named after Yuri Kondratyuk.
In 1992 the National Cosmic Agency of Ukraine was established. It has worked out the cosmic program to further progress in cosmic studies and investigations.
Notes to the Text
1. сircumstances – обставини
2. assumed – вигаданий
3. Caucasus – Кавказ
4. elevating gear – підйомний механізм
5. reinforced – підсилений
6. to prove – доводити
7. multi-stage – багатоступеневий
Exercise 12. Translate into English:
внесок України, світова слава, переїхати до, на чолі групи, завдання, вітрова електростанція, присвятити багато часу, баштова конструкція, місце поховання, часто вважається, запропонувати ідею, висадка на Місяць, визначення оптимальної траєкторії, сполуки водню, дар, зворотня сторона Місяця, подальший прогрес
Exercise 13. Match the words (1-6) with their definition (a-f).
1. Оccupation a. very big
2. Research b. a job, employment
3. Construction c. consisting of a combination of two or more parts
4. Huge d. action or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave
5. Burial e. the business or work of building
6. Compound f. advanced and detailed study of a subject, so as to learn
new facts, get additional information
Exercise 14. Give the comprehensive answers to these questions:
1. What dramatic facts of Yuri Kondratyuk’s biography do you know?
2. What is the contribution of Kondratyuk to world science?