- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Lesson 1
- •Дієслово to be в Indefinite Active
- •Notes to the Text
- •British Universities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Lutsk National Technical University
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 2
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Sсience and Technological Progress in Modern Society
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 2b Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I am a Student
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 3
- •Відмінювання стандартного дієслова to work у Past Indefinite
- •Відмінювання нестандартного дієслова to write у Past Indefinite
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Is there an End of the Computer Race?
- •Notes to the Text
- •From the history of computer.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •English Language
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 4
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Indefinite Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Internet
- •Notes to the Text
- •Programming Languages
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Music, Television, and Video Games as a Way of Spending Leisure Time
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 5
- •Відмінювання дієслова to work у Present Continuous Active
- •Відмінювання дієслова to work у Future Continuous Active
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Environmental Protection in Ukraine
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 6 Grammar. Часи групи Continuous Passive
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Continuous Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the text
- •Yuri Kondratyuk and the Moon
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Science in Ukraine
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 7
- •Відмінювання дієслова to write у часах групи Perfect Active
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Electricity
- •Notes to the Text.
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The youth of America.
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 8
- •Відмінювання дієслова to tell в часах групи Perfect Passive
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Changes in Matter
- •The Science of Ice
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Engineering Profession
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 9
- •Узгодження часів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Television
- •Notes to the Text
- •Telegraph
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Mass media засоби масової інформації
- •Mass Media
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 10.
- •Форми модальних дієслів
- •Еквіваленти модальних дієслів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Made in Space
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Ukraine’s Economy
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 11
- •Форми дієприкметника теперішнього часу
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Transport for Tomorrow.
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 11b How It Works.
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 12
- •Утворення форми дієприкметника минулого часу
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Time Travel and New Universes
- •Notes to the Text
- •The Role of Gravity
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Lesson 13
- •Форми інфінітиву
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the Text
- •Text 13b Optical Technology
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Developing the Telecommunications
- •Notes to the Text
- •Key dates in science.
- •Lesson 14
- •Форми герундія
- •Vocabulary notes
- •A New Era for Aircraft
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The Economy of the usa
- •Key dates in science
- •Lesson 15.
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Notes to the Text
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Industry of Great Britain
- •Key dates in science
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Descending to New Ocean Depths
- •Notes to the Text
- •Types of Submersible
- •Notes to the Text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Money in the Modern World
- •Key dates in science
- •Префіксів та суфіксів
- •Lesson 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- •43018 Луцьк, вул. Львівська, 75
Ukraine’s Economy
Industry is the most important area of Ukraine’s economy. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied by heavy industry, especially the steel, machine building and coal industries. The coal industry is concentrated in two basins: Donetsk and Lviv-Volyn. The oil and gas industries are located in the Subcarpathian and Left-Bank regions, but the extraction of oil and natural gas is insufficient to satisfy the country’s needs.
Ukraine has a strong power generation industry. Large thermal and hydroelectric stations have been built. There are 10 nuclear power plants in Ukraine.
The metallurgical industry includes the ferrous and non-ferrous industries. Metallurgical plants are spread through three regions – the Donbas, Dnieper and Azov Coast regions.
The machine-building industry is presently the largest branch of industry. Instrument-making is one of the most scattered branches. A plant in Sumy produces such diverse instruments as electron microscopes and cinecameras. An important place is occupied by heavy machine-building, which provides equipment for metallurgy, power stations and cement plants. A large plant is located in Kramatorsk and is a leading supplier of metallurgical equipment and powerful excavators. Powerful turbines, generators and steam boilers are also produced.
Ship-building is an important branch of industry. Seagoing vessels are built at shipyards located in Mykolaiv, Kherson and Kyiv.
The motor vehicle industry sprung up after the Second World War. Buses are produced in Lviv, passenger cars in Zaporizhia, lorries in Kremenchuk, and both passenger and transport vehicles in Lutsk. Kharkiv has a specialized vehicle engine works. Aeroplanes are built in Kyiv and Kharkiv.
Farm machinery plants turn out nearly all types of soil cultivating, sowing and harvesting machines. The manufacture of tractors and combine harvesters is concentrated in large plants such as Kharkiv tractor works.
The chemical industry includes the production of acids, salts, fertilizers, dyes, detergents, plastics, synthetic fibres, pharmaceuticals and other goods.
The manufacture of building materials is well developed in all of Ukraine’s provinces.
Ukraine’s food industry is located mostly in the Forest-Steppe (sugar), the Steppe (vegetable oils), the South (fruit canning, vine).
There are many textile enterprises in Ukraine: cotton (Kherson, Ternopil), linen (Rivne, Zhytomyr), wool (Chernihiv, Luhansk), silk (Kyiv, Cherkasy). Garment and footwear industries are located in large population centres. China and pottery enterprises have developed in Kharkiv, Sloviansk, in the area of Novohrad-Volynsky.
Exercise 24. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the most important industries in Ukraine’s economy? 2. Where is coal industry concentrated? 3. What kinds of power stations are there in Ukraine? 4. What industries does the metallurgical industry include?
5. Where are electron microscopes produced? 6. Is Ukraine a leading shipbuilder? 7. Where is the motor vehicle industry located? 8. What do you know about Ukrainian aeroplane making? 9. What kinds of machines do farm machinery plants turn out? 10. What are the products of chemical industry?
Exercise 25. Translate into English the following sentences.
1. Україна – розвинена промислова країна. 2. Вугільна про-мисловість – традиційна, промисловість для сходу України. 3. Багато електроенергії виробляється на українських електростанціях. 4. Чорна та кольорова металургія зосереджені на південному сході. 5. Важке машинобудування – це обладнання для металургійних заводів та електростанцій. 6. Україна відома своїм суднобудуванням. 7. Найбільші літаки в світі випускаються на українських авіаційних заводах. 8. Завод по виробництву сільськогосподарських машин знаходиться у Ковелі. 9. Виробництво будівельних матеріалів в Україні постійно збільшується. 10. В нашому регіоні розміщено багато відомих підприємств харчової промисловості.