английский сборник по реферированию

c)17B THROMBOXANE INHIBITION IMPROVES RENAL PERFUSION AND

EXCRETORY FUNCTION IN SEVERE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Sergio Castellani, Rita Paniccia, Claudia Di Serio, et al

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, July 2, 2003, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 133-139

BACKGROUND The renal formation of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is increased during cardiac failure.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thromboxane inhibition can beneficially affect renal perfusion and clinical conditions in patients affected by severe heart failure.

METHODS By oral administration of picotamide we blocked renal TxA2. Fourteen patients were studied according to a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design.

RESULTS Daily 24-hour total urinary thromboxane decreased at the end of picotamide treatment. Compared with placebo, effective renal perfusion and the glomerular filtration rate increased. In all patients, picotamide treatment was associated with an increase in diuresis. Patients also showed improvement in several clinical parameters, including a significant decrease in both pulmonary and venous pressure.

CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that renal thromboxane formation plays an important role in renal vascular resistance in patients with severe heart failure. Inhibition of TxA2 improves kidney function and beneficially affects indexes of cardiac performance.

vasoconstrictor – сосудосуживающий фактор, вазоконстриктор

cardiac performance – сердечная функция

d)B6 ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS AND RECURRENT URINARY TRACT

INFECTION IN CHILDREN

Jonathan C. Craig, Judy M. Simpson, Gabrielle J. Williams

New England Journal of Medicine, HOctober 29, 2009

BACKGROUND35 Antibiotics are widely administered to children for preventing urinary tract infection, but relevant placebo-controlled trials regarding efficacy are lacking.

OBJECTIVES This study examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic therapy prevents urinary tract infection in children.

DESIGNED A randomized, placebo-controlled study.

METHODS36B We randomly assigned children under the age of 18 years with urinary tract infections to receive either daily trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole suspension (as 2 mg of trimethoprim plus 10 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram

51

of body weight) or placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed symptomatic urinary tract infection.

RESULTS37B From December 1998 to March 2007, a total of 576 children underwent randomization. During the study, urinary tract infection developed in 36 of 288 patients (13%) in the group receiving trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic group) and in 55 of 288 patients (19%) in the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONSB83 Long-term, low-dose trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was associated with a decreased number of urinary tract infections in children.

lack – отсутствовать

continuous – постоянный, непрерывный

52

Желудочно- ЗАНЯТИЕ кишечный 10

тракт

Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в рефератах:

1.	advance (-s)	прогресс, достижения
2.	common bile duct	общий желчный проток
3.	obstruction	закупорка
4.	concomitant diseases	сопутствующие болезни
5.	drug-induced	вызванный лекарством
6.	duodenal ulcer	язва двенадцатиперстной кишки
7.	eradication therapy	радикальное лечение
8.	false-negative results	ложноотрицательные результаты
9.	false-positive diagnosis	ложноположительный диагноз
10.gastric hypersecretion		желудочная гиперсекреция
11.heal		заживать, рубцеваться
12.hepatitis		гепатит
13.inflammatory		воспалительный
14.jaundice		желтуха
15.make a diagnosis		ставить диагноз
16.manifestation		проявление
17.pancreas		поджелудочная железа
18.pancreatitis		панкреатит, воспаление
		поджелудочной железы
19.perforation		перфорация, прободение
20.persistent		постоянный, стойкий, устойчивый
21.preoperative		предоперационный
22.relapse		рецидив
23.resection		резекция, иссечение

53

24.urgent appendectomy	неотложная аппендэктомия
25.utilization	использование, применение

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов.

1.Rising utilization of preoperative CT and advances in technology coincided (совпали) with a decrease in the negative appendectomy rate for women 45 years and younger but not in men of any age or women older than 45 years.

2.Advaces in technology correlated with a reduction in false-positive diagnoses.

3.Jaundice occurring in patients with pancreatitis is usually due to hepatocellular injury.

4.Common bile duct obstruction is occasionally caused by pancreatic fibrosis, edema or pseudocyst (ложная киста) in patients who have neither hepatocellular injury nor biliary tract disease.

5.Operative intervention is required in those patients in whom jaundice is persistent.

6.Mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer disease was 81%.

7.Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pancreas.

8.The common manifestation of autoimmune pancreatitis is obstructive jaundice.

9.The main reasons for the poorer prognosis in H. pylori–negative patients were relapse of ulcer or ulcer not healed.

10.H. pylori–negative patients randomized to eradication therapy left the study early.

11.Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) constituted 1/4th of all resections performed for benign conditions in North America.

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их содержание на русском языке по схеме.

a)7B HELICOBACTER PYLORI–NEGATIVE DUODENAL ULCERS:

PREVALENCE, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROGNOSIS— RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED TRIAL WITH 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Peter Bytzer, Peter Stubbe

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2001, Vol. 96, pp.1409–1416

OBJECTIVE45 The proportion of Helicobacter pylori–negative duodenal ulcer disease appears to be increasing. Data on clinical outcome and prognosis in this subgroup are lacking.

DESIGN A blinded, randomised study.

54

METHODSB64 276 randomly selected duodenal ulcer patients were studied. Patients were followed up for a total of 2 years. Endoscopies for assessment of ulcer relapse were done at 6 and 12 months. H. pylori status was assessed. Study staff were blinded to H. pylori results.

RESULTSB74 Thirty-two (12%) patients were H. pylori-negative at entry. Only 28% of the H. pylori–negative patients completed the study, as compared with 40% of H. pylori–positive patients. The main reasons for the poorer prognosis in H. pylori–negative patients were relapse of ulcer/ulcer not healed (35% vs 26%) and relapse of severe dyspepsia symptoms without ulcer relapse (16% vs 7%). H. pylori–negative patients randomized to eradication therapy left the study early compared with H. pylori–negative patients randomized to long-term omeprazole therapy.

CONCLUSIONS48B Clinical outcome over 2 year is significantly poorer in H. pylori–negative patients, especially if treated with eradication therapy. These results suggest that H. pylori infection should be assessed in all duodenal ulcer patients before treatment is decided.

at entry – при поступлении

b) AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS: MORE THAN JUST A PANCREATIC DISEASE? A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF ITS PATHOLOGY

DeshpandeH VH, MinoH -Kenudson M,H HBrugge W,H LauwersH GY

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: September 2005; Vol.129, No.9

CONTEXT Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pancreas constituting 1/4th of all resections performed for benign conditions in North America.

OBJECTIVE To review the clinical and characteristic histologic patterns of this disease and discuss the extrapancreatic manifestations of AIP.

DESIGN We searched the literature using MEDLINE, related conference abstracts, and bibliographies of selected studies.

RESULTS Autoimmune pancreatitis generally affects elderly individuals, frequently presenting as obstructive jaundice and occasionally in association with other autoimmune diseases. The disease can involve the bile ducts, gallbladder, and kidney and can form inflammatory masses in the lungs. A prepancreatectomy diagnosis can be made using a combination of clinical findings, elevated immunoglobulin G4 levels, endoscopic fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and response to steroids.

CONCLUSIONS Despite significant evolution in our understanding of AIP, a prepancreatectomy diagnosis remains a problem in the North American population.

55

contemporary – новый, современный

occasionally – иногда

fine-needle aspiration biopsy – биопсияH тонко игольной аспирацией

c) ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS

WV Senaratne, MJ Pinidiyapathirage, G Perera, A Wickremasinghe Ceylon Medical Journal Vol. 51(1), 2006, pp. 9-14

BACKGROUND Most drugs can be metabolized with no hepatic damage; however, new adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis agents are occurring each year. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis (AIH) in Sri Lankan patients, and to determine risk factors of AIH.

DESIGN A prospective study.

SETTING Chest Hospital, Welisara (Sri Lanka), from April 2001 to April 2002. PATIENTS 783 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). METHODS Treatment with rifampicin was started in all cases. AIH was diagnosed when patients had elevated serum bilirubin.

RESULTS Of all enrolled patients, 74 (9.5%) developed AIH, the majority (58%) developing AIH within the first 2 weeks of the intensive phase of treatment. AIH was more common among patients over 60 years, who developed pulmonary TB, and in patients weighing 33-55 kg. Age, weight and rifampicin overdosage were significant predictors of AIH.

CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AIH in Sri Lanka is 9.5% in treated patients. AIH was associated with age, low body weight and rifampicin overdosage.

Sri Lankan – Шри-Ланка

adverse reactions – побочные реакции

d)8B MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS: DO MORE

PREOPERATIVE CT SCANS MEAN FEWER NEGATIVE

APPENDECTOMIES? A 10-YEAR STUDY

CourtneyH A. Coursey,H HRendon C. Nelson,H MayurH B. Patel,H HCourtney Cochran Radiology, February 2010, Vol. 254, pp. 460-468

PURPOSE To determine the frequency of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of patients suspected of having appendicitis at one institution during the past 10 years and to determine whether changes in CT utilization were associated with changes in the negative appendectomy rate.

DESIGN A surgical database search.

MATERIALS AND METHODS 925 patients (526 men and 399 women [mean age - 38 years (range 18–95 years]) who underwent urgent appendectomy between January 1998 and September 2007. CT, pathology, and surgery reports were

56

reviewed. By using logistic regression, changes in the proportion of patients undergoing CT and in the proportion of patients undergoing each year appendectomy in which the appendix was healthy were evaluated. Subgroup analyses based on patient age (≤ 45 years or > 45 years) and sex also were performed.

RESULTS Prior to urgent appendectomy, 18.5% of patients underwent preoperative CT in 1998 compared with 93.2% of patients in 2007. The negative appendectomy rate for women 45 years of age and younger decreased from 42.9% in 1998% to 7.1% in 2007. However, the timing of the decrease in negative appendectomy rates for women 45 years and younger could not be proved to be associated with the increase in CT use.

CONCLUSION Rising utilization of preoperative CT and advances in technology coincided with a decrease in the negative appendectomy rate for women 45 years and younger but not in men of any age or women older than 45 years.

negative appendectomy – отрицательная аппендэктомия (удаление здорового червеобразного отростка)

timing – синхронизация, согласование по времени, хронометраж

57

Заболевания	ЗАНЯТИЕ
костей	11

Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в рефератах:

1.	anatomical outcomes			анатомический результат
2.	biomarker			биологическийH				маркёр,H биомаркёрH
3.	bone loss			потеря костной массы
4.	bone marrow			костный мозг
5.	bone mineral density			костнаяH		минеральная плотностьH
6.	calcium supplements			кальциевыеH			добавки
7.	closed reduction method			метод закрытого вправления,
				закрытой репозиции
8.	contiguous bone involvement			вовлечение близлежащих костей
9.	counter-traction			вытяжение в противоположном
				направлении
10.distal radius				дистальный отдел лучевой кости
11.dual energy X-ray absorptiometry				двухэнергетическая рентгеновскаяH
				абсорбциометрия
12.forearm				предплечье
13.fracture				перелом
	displaced fracture			перелом со смещением
14.hip				бедро
15.inflammatory back pain (IBP)				воспалительная боль в спине
16.lumbar spine				поясничный отдел (позвоночника)
17.manual		reduction	(Syn.	ручноеH	вправление
	manipulation)
18.metaphyseal equivalent sites				метафизарные эквивалентные
				участки
19.osteoporotic fractures				остеопоротическийHU					U перелом

58

20.pelvic abscess	внутритазовый абсцесс
21.pelvic acute hematogenous	внутритазовый острый гематогенный
osteomyelitis	остеомиелит
22. proximal femur	проксимальный отдел бедренной
	кости
23.sacroiliac joint (SIJ)	крестцово-подвздошное сочленение
24.sacroiliitis	сакроилеит
25.spondyloarthropathy	спондилоартропатия
26.traction	вытяжка

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов.

1.Displaced fractures are usually reduced (вправляются) using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation.

2.One trial compared a novel (новый) non-anaesthetised method of manual reduction involving counter-traction versus traditional manual reduction under intravenous regional anaesthesia.

3.We analyzed our experience with MRI of pelvic acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.

4.Osteomyelitis involved metaphyseal equivalent sites in every case, with single bone involvement in 24 and contiguous bone involvement in the remaining 14.

5.Bone loss in patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) suspicious of (c подозрением на) early undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy is poorly defined (плохо распознается).

6.In 30 patients with early IBP, clinical data were collected and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

7.Hip bone loss was found to be associated with raised baseline C-reactive protein levels (исходный уровень С-реактивного белка), baseline MRI bone marrow oedema of the SIJs and the presence of radiographic sacroiliitis after 8 years.

8.This study examined whether higher intakes of milk and other calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures.

9.These data do not support the hypothesis that higher consumption (употребление в пищу) of milk or other food sources of calcium by adult women protects against hip or forearm fractures.

10.This was a 12-year prospective study among 77 761 women who had never used calcium supplements.

59

Упражнения 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их содержание на русском языке по схеме.

а) MILK, DIETARY CALCIUM, AND BONE FRACTURES IN WOMEN: A

12-YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY

D. Feskanich, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer and G. A. Colditz American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 87,Issue 6, pp. 992-997

OBJECTIVES This study examined whether higher intakes of milk and other calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures.

METHODS This was a 12-year prospective study among 77 761 women, aged 34 through 59 years in 1999, who had never used calcium supplements. Dietary intake was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire in 2000, 2004, and 2006. Fractures of the proximal femur (n = 133) and distal radius (n = 1046) from low or moderate trauma were self-reported on biennial questionnaires.

RESULTS We found no evidence that higher intakes of milk or calcium from food sources reduce fracture incidence. Women who drank two or more glasses of milk per day had relative risks of 1.45 for hip fracture and 1.05 for forearm fracture when compared with women consuming one glass or less per week. Likewise, higher intakes of total dietary calcium or calcium from dairy foods were not associated with decreased risk of hip or forearm fracture.

CONCLUSIONS These data	do not	support	the hypothesis	that	higher
consumption of milk or other	food	sources	of calcium by	adult	women
protects against hip or forearm fractures.

food-frequency questionnaire – опросникH частоты потребления различных пищевых продуктов

biennial questionnaires – двухлетняя анкета

relative risk – относительныйH риск

likewise – подобно, так же

b) BONEH LOSS IN VERY EARLY INFLAMMATORY BACK PAIN IN

UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY: A 1-YEAR

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Haugeberg G,H HBennett A.N,H McGonagleH D,H HEmery P,H HMarzo-Ortega H.H

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2010

BACKGROUND Bone loss in patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) suspicious of early undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy is poorly defined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, lumbar spine and hand in patients with early IBP and to look for possible biomarkers associated with this change.

60