IV. Speaking

Ukraine is a big country with many different geographical features, types of climate and traditions. What do you like about your country?

• What can you say about the weather and climate of Ukraine?

• What are the biggest rivers (lakes, mountains, etc.)?

• What are the biggest cities? Give short information about one of it.

Examination Card 5

I. Reading

Read the text given below. Decide if the sentences (1-10) are T (true) or F (false), according to what the text says.

Following the rules

When people are playing a game, they need to follow the rules. If they don't, the game becomes disorganised and unfair, and it stops being fun. If a student ignores a rule against talking in class, the other students can't concentrate. Drivers who don't follow traffic laws can cause serious accidents.

Most things we do are governed by rules. These may be unwritten, like the ⁴rules' of social politeness, or official laws passed by parliament and backed up by the legal system. Punishment for breaking the rule may vary from being criticised to being put in prison. But all rules and laws have the same purpose - to make it clear what most people agree is right or wrong, and what happens if someone breaks the rule. They are designed to ensure fairness, safety and respect for other people's rights, and in this way they help us work, play and live together peacefully.

If there were no rules and everyone was free to do whatever they wanted, most people would probably behave selfishly. We need rules to help us get along together and show respect for each other.

Having rules doesn't stop people breaking them. We will always need referees and penalties, policemen and prisons. But most of us are basically honest, and knowing the rules means that we usually try to follow them. One reason we do this is to avoid punish­ment, but the strongest argument for following the rules is, quite simply, that it makes the world a better place for all of us.

1. A game isn't fun if players break the rules.

2. There are rules about most things we do.

3. Anyone who breaks a rule may go to prison.

4. There are different kinds of rules and laws, but they all have something in common.

5. Rules don't mention punishment.

6. Rules and laws are made to improve our lives.

7. Rules stop people behaving selfishly.

8. Good laws make punishment unnecessary.

9. Most people try to follow the rules.

10. The main reason we should follow the rules is to avoid being punished.

II. Grammar

Use adjective in the right form

1. Oil is (light) than water.

2. He is (good) student in our group.

3. This is (big) ship in this port.

4. My cabin is (comfortable) than his one.

5. I make (good) coffee than Mike does.

6. Winter is (cold) season in a year.

7. (tall) tree is over 110 meters.

8. Hummingbird (колибри) is (small) bird in the world.

III. Writing

Your class is having a picnic next Sunday. Write an email to your classmate who was absent at the meeting. Inform him/her about:

- the class plans for the weekend;

- the meeting point and the time;

- say what things to take;

- give him/her your new mobile number to keep in touch with you.

IV. Speaking

Talk about Ukrainian eating habits.

What everyday meals do people have in Ukraine?

What traditional dishes are popular?

What kinds of food do you prefer?

Examination Card 6

I. Reading

Read the text given below. For questions (1 -6), choose from items (A-F). Each item may be chosen more than once. There is an example at the beginning (0).

EAT. DRINK ...AND DON'T BE SORRY

In ancient Greek times, Epicurus lived by the philosophy, "Eat, drink and be merry, and let tomorrow take care of itself!" Sadly, nowadays our instinct to enjoy ourselves has been replaced with feelings of guilt about what we should or shouldn't eat. But just how damaging are all those 'harmful' foods we find so tempting? Let's look more closely at the good and bad sides of some of our favourites. Chocolate contains mild stimulants which help concentration and boost the brain's level of serotonin, a chemical that makes us feel good. Chocolate is also rich in iron, magnesium and potassium. On the down side, it is high in fat and calories and can interrupt sleep if eaten in the evenings. Sugar is con­verted into energy more quickly than any other food, so it is hard for the body to store it as fat. Studies have shown that it makes you feel full more quickly, so you are less likely to overeat. Eating sugar at breakfast time has been shown to improve concentration and memory in the morning. The bad news is that sugar causes tooth decay and contains no useful nutrients.

Meat is an important food as it is a major source of protein, vitamin B and essential minerals. However, it also contributes a quarter of our daily fat intake. A high intake of red meat can lead to colon cancer, and beef is blamed for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, an illness which affects the brains of humans.

Cheese and cream are rich in calcium and vitamin D, which help protect the system against osteoporosis, a bone disease affecting a third of all European women over 60. Unfortunately, butter is almost pure saturated fat, and is very high in calories. Eating it is thought to lead to hardening of the arteries, which is known to cause heart attacks and l strokes.

Coffee and tea contain caffeine, which increases alertness. Tea contains tannin and flavanoids which help prevent heart disease. On the other hand, since they are stimu­lants they can interrupt sleep and relaxation and therefore shouldn't be drunk in the I evenings.

It seems, then, that we can feel free to enjoy all of these types of food, keeping in mind I that moderation is the key to good health.

So eat small amounts of these foods and forget about feeling guilty!

Which type(s) of food or drink:

is quickly turned into energy? (0) B

can keep you awake if consumed late in the day? (I) A Chocolate

can improve your mood? (2) B Sugar

can help to prevent a disease of the bones? (3) C Meat

may couse a type of cancer? (4) D Cheese and Cream

help you to concentrate? (5) E Butter

may lead to heart problems? (6) F Coffee and Tea