Text 3. Living a long life

1. It is often said that Japanese people, on average, live much longer than Europeans. To a large extend this must be due to the food most Japanese people eat since from the point of view of the life-style, life in modern Japan is no less stressful than ours in the west.

2. The Japanese live on a diet largely made up of fish and rice. At lunch-time a typical Japanese family will consume at least twice as many vegetables as we do in Europe. In comparison with Europeans, the Japanese eat far less meat and fewer potatoes; at the same time, they eat seven times more fresh fish than we do which make their diet much healthier by far. It would be fair to say that, in general, the Japanese consume far less sugar than Europeans, though the modern Japanese — frequent visitors to Europe on business or for pleasure — are discovering the pleasures and dangers of western-style eating habits.

3. The doctor will recommend that you drink lots of fluids, get plenty of rest, and may suggest using an over-the-counter or prescription cough medicine to relieve your symptoms as you recover.

One paragraph in this text is the odd one. Put the letter of this paragraph 1_______

Decide who (Japanese or Europeans) prefers the products below and put J or E next to the item of food

Potatoes	2 _____
Meat	3 _____
Fish	4 _____
Sugar	5 _____

Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement

The Japanese live as long as people in western countries.	6 _____
From the point of view of life-style, life in modern Japan is less stressful than in Europe.	7 _____
The Japanese eat much more vegetables than Europeans.	8 _____
When in Europe on business, the Japanese try to eat only their national food.	9 _____
They consume more sugar than we do.	10 _____

D. Read Text 4 and complete the tasks below

Text 4. Science against Pain

1. Many doctors and scientists in various countries in the past tried to discover ways and means of killing pain. Anaesthesia, which is an ordinary thing now, is the result of the long and hard work of many. It is difficult to say now who was the first, but some of the names must not be forgotten.

2. In 1776 Joseph Priestley, a prominent English chemist, found a gas which is now called "laughing-gas" because it makes people feel a little drunk after inhaling it. For about thirty years no one was seriously interested in it, but in 1800 Humphry Davy, the famous English chemist, noticed its effects. He also said that it would probably be useful in operations because it could take away pain.

3. About 1824 an English doctor Hickman read Davy's books and tried laughing-gas on dogs and other animals. He got some good results, but still no interest was shown. Hickman died young, before he could make people believe in laughing-gas as an anaesthetic.

4. In 1980, the World Health Organization announced that smallpox was wiped out — the first (and only) time in history that an infectious disease was declared eliminated from the planet.

5. Laughing-gas became known in America, where young men and women went to parties to try it. Most of them spent their time laughing, but one man at a party, Horace Wells, who was a dentist, noticed that people did not seem to feel pain when they were under the effects of this gas. He decided to try an experiment on himself. He asked a friend to help him. Wells inhaled some of the gas, and his friend pulled out one of Wells' teeth. Wells felt no pain at all. He had lost a perfectly good tooth, but he was delighted. Teeth could now be pulled out without pain.

One paragraph in this text is the odd one. Put the letter of this paragraph 1_______

Write down the letter of the paragraph which proves the fact

The first application of "laughing-gas" on man was in dentistry.	2 _____
The experiments on human beings were preceded by trials on animals.	3 _____
The anaesthetic effect of "laughing-gas" was not noticed at once.	4 _____
There were many scientists who contributed to the discovery of anaesthesia.	5 _____

Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement

Nobody knows who was the first to use anaesthesia for killing pain.	6 _____
It was in America where "laughing-gas" was found by Joseph Priestley, a prominent chemist.	7 _____
For a long time no one was seriously interested in "laughing-gas".	8 _____
An English doctor called Hickman was the first to try "laughing-gas" on dogs and other animals.	9 _____
Horace Wells, an American dentist, decided to try an experiment on himself, but his friend refused to help him.	10 _____

E. Read Text 5 and complete the tasks below