- •Combined Language Skills Practice: a Handbook for Medical Students
- •Contents
- •Chapter I. Reading comprehension
- •Text 1. Exercise - a key to fitness
- •Text 2. Meningitis
- •Text 3. Living a long life
- •Text 5. What Is Bronchitis?
- •Text 6. Blood
- •Text 7. Mouth and Teeth
- •Text 8. How fluoride works
- •Chapter II. Use of english
- •1. Lexical Cloze Tasks
- •Oral cancer – risk factors
- •Old age and the brain
- •Oral hygiene
- •Wild treatments
- •2. Multiple Choice Tasks
- •Pneumonia
- •A Headache Martyr
- •What Is Appendicitis?
- •3. Word Formation Tasks
- •Respiratory System
- •Functions
- •Human Physiology
- •Dreaming
- •Malaria
- •Chapter III. Grammar
- •1. Grammar of Tenses and Verb Forms
- •An Anatomy Class
- •A Dental Clinic
- •Human Anatomy
- •The Development of Dentistry
- •E. Open the brackets using the correct verb form Why Do I Need to Wash My Hands?
- •Emotion Location
- •Your Ribs
- •Taking Care of Bones
- •I. Open the brackets using the correct verb form How Bones Grow
- •A Case Study
- •2. Grammar Tests
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verbs
- •2 Complete the conversation using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Use short forms (for example 'm, 're, 's, don't, etc.)
- •3 Write the questions to these answers
- •4. Read the case study and write answers in the same tense as the questions
- •1 Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences
- •2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences
- •3 Complete the text with the connectors below
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences
- •2 Complete this gp's referral letter with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets
- •3 Write the answers Mr Nesbitt would give to these questions
- •1 Write the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives
- •2 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (/). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •3 Complete these sentences with the comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in exercise 1
- •1 Complete the questions
- •3 Complete the questions in the dialogue
- •1 Match the beginnings and ends of these sentences
- •3 Use these verbs with will, won't, or shall to complete the sentences. Use short form
- •1 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •2 Complete the sentences with should / shouldn't and one of the verbs below
- •3 Write two pieces of advice for each of these problems. They can be negative or positive
- •1 Choose the correct expression to complete the sentences
- •2 Complete the answers to the questions using the information in brackets
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verb in each sentence
- •2 Match the beginnings and endings of these Zero Conditional sentences, and complete them with the verbs below in the correct form
- •3 Complete these First and Zero Conditional sentences with the verbs given in the correct form. They are not always given in the correct order
- •1 Read each sentence. If it is correct, tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •2 Complete the sentences by choosing a, b, or с
- •3 Complete these sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences
- •2 Underline the word or phrase that completes the sentence
- •3 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •1 Put the words in the correct order
- •2 Complete the sentences
- •3 Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense using a future form
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verb in these sentences
- •2 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •3 Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect to complete the conversation between a nurse and a patient.
- •1 Complete the sentences using the Present Passive. Use short forms
- •2 Rewrite these Active sentences using the Past Passive
- •3 Complete the case history with the words below, using the Present or Past Passive or Active forms of the verbs below. Some verbs can be used more than once
- •1 Correct the mistake in each sentence
- •3 Complete the text using the Present Continuous or be going to form of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences. Add commas and full stops where necessary
- •2 Complete the sentences using the words below
- •3 Complete these sentences to describe your use or opinion of alternative medicine. In each sentence, use one of the words below.
- •1 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences
- •2 Complete the text with used to,(be) used to, or (get) used to in the correct form. Nursing since the 1950s
- •3 Complete the sentences with get or got used to /used to/use to/didn't use to and the verbs below
- •Chapter IV. Listening comprehension
- •Part 1 Mr Gumley
- •Part 2 Mrs Emma Sharp
- •Part 3 Miss Grace Donaldson
- •Part 4 Mr Pritt
- •Part 5 Barry Scott
- •Part 6 Mrs Mary Lock
- •References
Old age and the brain
In our early years 1 _____ brains grow very fast as we learn language, writing, numbers, music, and how to coordinate movement. By the time we are teenagers, each neuron in our brain has connected to tens of thousands of other neurons, and every time we have a new thought or memory, our 2 _____ makes new connections. Just as muscles get stronger by using them, the brain develops when it 3 _____ stimulated. 4 _____ stimulation, it gradually dies.
5 _____ healthy brain does not lose huge numbers of brain cells as it ages. It continues to rewrite itself and grow 6 _____ neurons. However, degenerative brain diseases are very common 7 _____ old age, and so we associate ageing with diseases such 8 ______ Alzheimer’s disease.
Even though these 9 _____ are very common in the elderly, it is a mistake to think that old age automatically equals mental decline. When elderly people who do not have Alzheimer’s diseases suffer age-related losses of memory and motor skills, it is often 10 _____ because of ageing, but because of inactivity and lack of mental stimulation.
d. Complete the following article by filling in one missing word in each space
Oral hygiene
Brushing your teeth regularly is not just about looking good and having fresh 1_____, it is about staying healthy!
The effects of poor oral hygiene 2 _____ widespread and serious. Apart from causing intra-oral 3_____ , poor oral hygiene 4 _____ been linked to heart disease, lung disease, and premature birth.
The source of all these problems 5 _____ plaque, a sticky white substance that forms on the teeth.
First, your dentist or dental hygienist can help you identify the places in the mouth where you are 6 _____ brushing properly. Then they 7 _____ advise you on correct tooth brushing and flossing techniques. In addition, they can remove the calculus (calcified plaque) that forms 8 _____ the teeth. This is far too hard to remove 9 _____ a toothbrush and needs to 10 _____ scraped off with special dental instruments.
e. Complete the following article by filling in one missing word in each space
Wild treatments
A lot of knowledge which we call “alternative medicine” has come from watching animals, because not every pharmacist is a human being – animals treat themselves 1 _____ medicines too. You may 2 _____ seen a dog or a cat eat grass, for example. They do this because it makes them sick, and clears their stomach of worms.
Bears know 3 _____ the medicinal properties of the root of a plant called Ligusticum. They chew its root, and apply the juice to wounds 4 _____ an antiseptic. Ligusticum is used 5 _____ Navajo Indians too. A folk story says they 6 _____ told about the plant by bears.
When some birds build their nests, they choose some aromatic plants that 7 _____ keep their babies healthy. The plants chosen by the birds are also used by herbalists 8 _____ skin problems such as ulcers, sores, and eczema.
Because bacteria 9 _____ becoming resistant to antibiotics, it is becoming more and more important to find alternatives, and zoopharmacognosy – a word from Greek meaning “animals’ knowledge of medicine”, may give us important new information about very old ways of dealing 10 _____ illness.