- •Combined Language Skills Practice: a Handbook for Medical Students
- •Contents
- •Chapter I. Reading comprehension
- •Text 1. Exercise - a key to fitness
- •Text 2. Meningitis
- •Text 3. Living a long life
- •Text 5. What Is Bronchitis?
- •Text 6. Blood
- •Text 7. Mouth and Teeth
- •Text 8. How fluoride works
- •Chapter II. Use of english
- •1. Lexical Cloze Tasks
- •Oral cancer – risk factors
- •Old age and the brain
- •Oral hygiene
- •Wild treatments
- •2. Multiple Choice Tasks
- •Pneumonia
- •A Headache Martyr
- •What Is Appendicitis?
- •3. Word Formation Tasks
- •Respiratory System
- •Functions
- •Human Physiology
- •Dreaming
- •Malaria
- •Chapter III. Grammar
- •1. Grammar of Tenses and Verb Forms
- •An Anatomy Class
- •A Dental Clinic
- •Human Anatomy
- •The Development of Dentistry
- •E. Open the brackets using the correct verb form Why Do I Need to Wash My Hands?
- •Emotion Location
- •Your Ribs
- •Taking Care of Bones
- •I. Open the brackets using the correct verb form How Bones Grow
- •A Case Study
- •2. Grammar Tests
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verbs
- •2 Complete the conversation using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Use short forms (for example 'm, 're, 's, don't, etc.)
- •3 Write the questions to these answers
- •4. Read the case study and write answers in the same tense as the questions
- •1 Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences
- •2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences
- •3 Complete the text with the connectors below
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences
- •2 Complete this gp's referral letter with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets
- •3 Write the answers Mr Nesbitt would give to these questions
- •1 Write the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives
- •2 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (/). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •3 Complete these sentences with the comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in exercise 1
- •1 Complete the questions
- •3 Complete the questions in the dialogue
- •1 Match the beginnings and ends of these sentences
- •3 Use these verbs with will, won't, or shall to complete the sentences. Use short form
- •1 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •2 Complete the sentences with should / shouldn't and one of the verbs below
- •3 Write two pieces of advice for each of these problems. They can be negative or positive
- •1 Choose the correct expression to complete the sentences
- •2 Complete the answers to the questions using the information in brackets
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verb in each sentence
- •2 Match the beginnings and endings of these Zero Conditional sentences, and complete them with the verbs below in the correct form
- •3 Complete these First and Zero Conditional sentences with the verbs given in the correct form. They are not always given in the correct order
- •1 Read each sentence. If it is correct, tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •2 Complete the sentences by choosing a, b, or с
- •3 Complete these sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences
- •2 Underline the word or phrase that completes the sentence
- •3 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •1 Put the words in the correct order
- •2 Complete the sentences
- •3 Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense using a future form
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verb in these sentences
- •2 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •3 Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect to complete the conversation between a nurse and a patient.
- •1 Complete the sentences using the Present Passive. Use short forms
- •2 Rewrite these Active sentences using the Past Passive
- •3 Complete the case history with the words below, using the Present or Past Passive or Active forms of the verbs below. Some verbs can be used more than once
- •1 Correct the mistake in each sentence
- •3 Complete the text using the Present Continuous or be going to form of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences. Add commas and full stops where necessary
- •2 Complete the sentences using the words below
- •3 Complete these sentences to describe your use or opinion of alternative medicine. In each sentence, use one of the words below.
- •1 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences
- •2 Complete the text with used to,(be) used to, or (get) used to in the correct form. Nursing since the 1950s
- •3 Complete the sentences with get or got used to /used to/use to/didn't use to and the verbs below
- •Chapter IV. Listening comprehension
- •Part 1 Mr Gumley
- •Part 2 Mrs Emma Sharp
- •Part 3 Miss Grace Donaldson
- •Part 4 Mr Pritt
- •Part 5 Barry Scott
- •Part 6 Mrs Mary Lock
- •References
2. Multiple Choice Tasks
a. Read the article below and decide which word best fits the space
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of one or both 1____which is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Before the discovery of antibiotics, one-third of all people 2 ___ suffered from pneumonia subsequently died from the infection. Currently, over 3 million people 3 ___ pneumonia each year in the United States. Over a half a million of these people are 4_____to a hospital for treatment. Although most of these people 5_____, approximately 5% will die from pneumonia. Pneumonia is the sixth leading 6_____of death in the United States.
Breathing in small droplets that contain pneumococci 7______cause pneumonia. These droplets are 8_____into the air when a person infected with these germs coughs or sneezes. In other cases, pneumonia is caused when bacteria or viruses that are normally present in the mouth, throat, or nose enter the lungs. If a person is weak from another illness, a severe pneumonia can develop. People with recent 9_____ infections, lung disease, heart disease, and swallowing problems, as well as alcoholics, drug users, and those who have suffered a stroke are at higher risk for developing pneumonia 10_____ the general population.
1 A bronchi B lungs C tonsils D alveoli
2 A having B had C have D has
3 A do B develop C start D suffer
4 A discharged B brought C carried D admitted
5 A cure B recover C treat D improve
6 A cause B reason C symptom D incidence
7 A can B must C should D could
8 A perforated B contributed C discharged D infected
9 A diseased B moderate C congenital D viral
10 A than B as C that D then
b. Read the article below and decide which word best fits the space
A Headache Martyr
I really need some help, I have had headaches ever since I 1_________ remember which is about the age of 2 and I am almost 25 now. The headaches 2______ almost non-stop and they vary in intensity from standard headaches which I am so used to. Now I 3______ from really bad migraines which stop me doing anything.
I have had various different 4________from anti depressants to very strong pain killers but nothing seems to be doing the job. I have had a CAT scan which didn’t show anything up (which was a big relief) and I still get 5______. My headaches can be so 6_________ to stop me from sleeping. At the moment they are preventing me from sleeping I feel quite upset by it all. Its beginning to be too much for me, makes me cry every night with 7______ I just want to remove it. I am now at a complete loss of what to do but I cannot stand them anymore every day of my life, they are beginning to rule and ruin my life. I have to spend more and more time of work sat down in a dark room or just away from all noise.
The drugs I have tried are: Naproxen, Solpadol, Migraleave, Tylenol, Naratriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan, Duradrin. 8_____ of these slightly helped but I still get constant headaches. The one which helps the most is the Solpadol but I cannot and should not 9_______ it every 4 hours forever.
I have also tried the no drug method and just tried to not take anything 10_____ the headaches for a while but this still didn’t work for me.
1 A may B can C should D could
2 A have been B had been C will have been D were
3 A feel B suffer C complain D have
4 A drugs B powders C herbs D drops
5 A its B their C it’s D them
6 A dangerous B bad C terrifying D powerful
7 A ache B pain C pains D troubles
8 A Any B Some C Anything D Everything
9 A have B take C swallow D eat
10 A to B against C from D for
c. Read the article below and decide which word best fits the space
Asthma
Slightly more boys are 1______by asthma and it tends to 2____in families - your child is more likely to be affected if there is a family history of allergic 3______ like hay fever and eczema. First signs include night time 4______and wheeze.
Asthma affects about 5% of the population of the UK, although it varies enormously in severity. You are most likely to 5______ asthma in childhood or in middle age. According to Government statistics, the number of people in the UK who are currently being treated 6 _____ asthma is now 5.1 million - one in eight children and one in 13 adults.
Asthma is a chest condition caused by reversible blockage of the airways. It is often 7_____ by allergy. The body reacts to tiny particles it breathes 8_____by telling the muscles of your airways to go into spasm, and by releasing some of the body's defense mechanisms into your lungs. In childhood, boys are slightly more at risk than girls, and children are much more likely to get it if there is a family history of allergies. If children develop asthma fairly early, they may start off with a cough at night. This is a very common 9_____of viral coughs and colds, but in asthma it may go on for weeks, and children will often not cough at all during the day. Otherwise they may get wheezy and breathless. Wheeze and breathlessness, may get worse when children come into contact with pollen, dust, cats or dogs. Pollution can also make asthma worse or bring on an asthma 10___ as can stress.
1 A caused B affected C diseased D hit
2 A jump B run C deliver D chase
3 A conditions B terms C conditionals D situations
4 A coach B couch C cough D Koch
5 A construct B develop C make D catch
6 A to B from C for D against
7 A called B caused C provoked D admitted
8 A out B – C in D through
9 A mark B symbol C symptom D feature
10 A beginning B onset C start D attack
d. Read the sentences below and decide which word best fits the space
Osteoporosis 1 ______ when bones lose minerals, such as calcium, more quickly than the body can replace them, leading to a loss of bone thickness (bone mass or density).
As a result, bones become thinner and less dense, so that even a minor bump or accident can cause serious 2 ______. These are known as fragility or minimal trauma fractures.
Similarly, there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that life stresses or personality types 3 _______ to ulcer disease.
Last week the patient suffered from a constant cardiac pain 4 _____ down the arm.
Having undergone a course of appropriate injections the patient stated that the cardiac pain considerably 5 _________.
It was noted the pain grew worse on moving and physical 6 _____.
Smoking, and alcohol, use of hot and spicy food are considered to be 7 ______ for the development of stomach carcinoma.
A disease known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver, and found in the stool and urine is called 8 __________.
To produce a more active resistance of the protective mechanisms of the body 9__ can be injected.
Patients with severe forms of pneumonia are admitted to 10__.
1 A occurs B happens C catches D causes
2 A crisis B changes C breakage D fractures
3 A help B contribute C assist D cooperate
4 A spreading B radiating C going D giving back
5 A disappeared B vanished C increased D decreased
6 A load B exertion C task D exercise
7 A reliable B responsible C answering D supporting
8 A cancer B duodenal ulcer C angina pectoris D Botkin’s disease
9 A antibiotics B fungi C bacteria D vaccines
10 A out-patient department B surgical department
C x-ray room D hospital
e. Read the article below and decide which word best fits the space