- •Combined Language Skills Practice: a Handbook for Medical Students
- •Contents
- •Chapter I. Reading comprehension
- •Text 1. Exercise - a key to fitness
- •Text 2. Meningitis
- •Text 3. Living a long life
- •Text 5. What Is Bronchitis?
- •Text 6. Blood
- •Text 7. Mouth and Teeth
- •Text 8. How fluoride works
- •Chapter II. Use of english
- •1. Lexical Cloze Tasks
- •Oral cancer – risk factors
- •Old age and the brain
- •Oral hygiene
- •Wild treatments
- •2. Multiple Choice Tasks
- •Pneumonia
- •A Headache Martyr
- •What Is Appendicitis?
- •3. Word Formation Tasks
- •Respiratory System
- •Functions
- •Human Physiology
- •Dreaming
- •Malaria
- •Chapter III. Grammar
- •1. Grammar of Tenses and Verb Forms
- •An Anatomy Class
- •A Dental Clinic
- •Human Anatomy
- •The Development of Dentistry
- •E. Open the brackets using the correct verb form Why Do I Need to Wash My Hands?
- •Emotion Location
- •Your Ribs
- •Taking Care of Bones
- •I. Open the brackets using the correct verb form How Bones Grow
- •A Case Study
- •2. Grammar Tests
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verbs
- •2 Complete the conversation using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Use short forms (for example 'm, 're, 's, don't, etc.)
- •3 Write the questions to these answers
- •4. Read the case study and write answers in the same tense as the questions
- •1 Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences
- •2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences
- •3 Complete the text with the connectors below
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences
- •2 Complete this gp's referral letter with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets
- •3 Write the answers Mr Nesbitt would give to these questions
- •1 Write the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives
- •2 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (/). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •3 Complete these sentences with the comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in exercise 1
- •1 Complete the questions
- •3 Complete the questions in the dialogue
- •1 Match the beginnings and ends of these sentences
- •3 Use these verbs with will, won't, or shall to complete the sentences. Use short form
- •1 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •2 Complete the sentences with should / shouldn't and one of the verbs below
- •3 Write two pieces of advice for each of these problems. They can be negative or positive
- •1 Choose the correct expression to complete the sentences
- •2 Complete the answers to the questions using the information in brackets
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verb in each sentence
- •2 Match the beginnings and endings of these Zero Conditional sentences, and complete them with the verbs below in the correct form
- •3 Complete these First and Zero Conditional sentences with the verbs given in the correct form. They are not always given in the correct order
- •1 Read each sentence. If it is correct, tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •2 Complete the sentences by choosing a, b, or с
- •3 Complete these sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences
- •2 Underline the word or phrase that completes the sentence
- •3 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •1 Put the words in the correct order
- •2 Complete the sentences
- •3 Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense using a future form
- •1 Underline the correct form of the verb in these sentences
- •2 Read each sentence. If it is correct, write a tick (). If there is a mistake, correct it
- •3 Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect to complete the conversation between a nurse and a patient.
- •1 Complete the sentences using the Present Passive. Use short forms
- •2 Rewrite these Active sentences using the Past Passive
- •3 Complete the case history with the words below, using the Present or Past Passive or Active forms of the verbs below. Some verbs can be used more than once
- •1 Correct the mistake in each sentence
- •3 Complete the text using the Present Continuous or be going to form of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms
- •1 Reorder the words to write sentences. Add commas and full stops where necessary
- •2 Complete the sentences using the words below
- •3 Complete these sentences to describe your use or opinion of alternative medicine. In each sentence, use one of the words below.
- •1 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences
- •2 Complete the text with used to,(be) used to, or (get) used to in the correct form. Nursing since the 1950s
- •3 Complete the sentences with get or got used to /used to/use to/didn't use to and the verbs below
- •Chapter IV. Listening comprehension
- •Part 1 Mr Gumley
- •Part 2 Mrs Emma Sharp
- •Part 3 Miss Grace Donaldson
- •Part 4 Mr Pritt
- •Part 5 Barry Scott
- •Part 6 Mrs Mary Lock
- •References
Text 7. Mouth and Teeth
Your smile is often the first thing people notice when they look at you. Your facial expression attracts other people’s attention. With the help of the teeth your mouth shows a lot of emotions on your face from happiness to anger.
The mouth also plays a key role in the digestive system, but it does much more than get digestion started. The mouth — especially the teeth, lips, and tongue — is essential for speech. The tongue, which allows us to taste, also helps us to form words when we speak. The lips both help to hold food in the mouth while we chew and pronounce words when we talk.
With the lips and tongue, teeth help to form words by controlling air flow out of the mouth. The tongue strikes the teeth as certain sounds are made.
The hardest substances in the body, the teeth are also necessary for chewing (or mastication) — the process by which we tear, cut, and grind food in preparation for swallowing. Each type of tooth serves a different function in the chewing process. Incisors cut foods when you bite into them. The sharper and longer canines tear food. The premolars, which are flatter than the canines, grind and mash food. Molars, with their points and grooves, are responsible for the most vigorous chewing. All the while, the tongue helps to push the food up against our teeth.
During chewing salivary glands in the walls and floor of the mouth secrete saliva, which moistens the food and helps break it down even more. Saliva makes it easier to chew and swallow foods (especially dry foods), and it contains enzymes and lubricants that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates.
Once food has been converted into a soft, moist mass, it's pushed into the throat (or pharynx) at the back of the mouth and is swallowed. When we swallow, the soft palate closes off the nasal passages from the throat to prevent food from entering the nose.
Write down the letter of the paragraph which
tells about the chemicals which help to digest food |
1 _____ |
describes different expressions which your face shows |
2 _____ |
describes particular sounds produced by the tongue and the teeth |
3 _____ |
tells about both speech and digestion in which the mouth and its inner parts play a role |
4 _____ |
tells about further food’s way from the mouth |
5 _____ |
describes each tooth’s function in chewing |
6_____ |
Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement
Teeth on their own are able to form words by controlling air flow out of the mouth. |
7 _____ |
Molars do the most energetic work in chewing |
8 _____ |
Saliva assists digestion of carbohydrates |
9 _____ |
The tongue prevents food from entering the nose |
10 _____ |
H. Read Text 8 and complete the tasks below