Раздел 16 Перевод сложных определений

Упражнение 81

А. Найдите в предложениях существительные, к ко­торым относятся выделенные сложные определе­ния. В случае если определение не имеет парал­лели в русском языке, оно переводится либо раз­вёрнутым определением, либо придаточным пред­ложением.

Б. Переведите предложения.

1. Some physicians also prescribe a high-protein diet to compensate for the protein lost in the urine.

2. This two-way exchange takes place across the placental membrane, which is semi-permeable.

3. Rubella is a mild systemic disease caused by a virus which is also called three- day measles.

1. The retina is composed of light-sensitive neurons arranged in three layers.

2. Hypoglycemia is a lower-than normal level of glucose in the blood.

4. Low-birth-weight and very-low-birth-weight infants are particularly susceptible to infections because their immunologic system is deficient.

5. Placebo is an inactive substance or less-than-effective dose of a harmless substance prescribed and administered as if it were an effective dose of a needed drug.

6. Untreated, the pain that accompanies all-too-common ailments such as arthritis, cancer and neurological disorders can slow recovery and severely impair a person's quality of life.

7. Through the one-cell-layer-thick walls of capillaries oxygen and nutrients are passed from arterioles to body tissue.

10. At a biochemical level, caffeine increases levels of catecholamines, the neuro- transmitters involved in the fight-or-flight response.

11. Medicines are divided into two main classes: prescription medicines and over- the-counter medicines.

12. Microorganisms provide easy-to-work-with material for studying the complex processes of life, e.g. metabolism.

13. Face is the most-looked-at part of anybody's body.

14. An as-yet-undefined relationship exists between asthma and the emotions.

15. There is no as-yet-successful treatment for curing this disorder.

16. Various not-yet-fully-understood factors may result in acute pancreatitis.

17. Skin care is important, especially for infants and not-yet-toilet-trained toddlers.

18. Doctors recommend the early-to-bed-early-to-rise routine.

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Упражнение 82

А. Найдите в предложениях определения, выражен­ные особой формой прилагательного, второй час­тью которого является слово -shaped, означающее "имеющий форму" (на форму указывает первая часть сложного определения).

Например: V-shaped

имеющий форму буквы V (V-образный) Б. Переведите предложения.

1. Animal cells may be round, egg-shaped, or rectangular.

2. Blood platelets are small coin-shaped particles, much smaller than the red cells.

1. Chromosomes are V-shaped pieces seen in the nuclei of cells during cell division, but not seen in resting cells.

2. The pancreas lies within the abdomino-pelvic cavity in the J-shaped loop between the stomach and small intestine.

3. Men has two bean-shaped kidneys located in the posterior part of the abdomen.

3. A tonsil is an almond-shaped mass of lymphoid tissue at either side of the back of the mouth.

4. A snail-shaped bony canal, the cochlea, winds two and a half times around a pillar of bone and opens into the wall of vestibule.

4. The L-shaped palatine bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate.

5. The clavicles are S-shaped bones that originate at the superior and lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum.

10. The hyoid is a small U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue supporting the tongue and its muscles.

11. The horseshoe-shaped large intestine begins at the end of the ileum and ends at the anus.

12. Mitochondria are sausage-shaped bodies with a highly folded interior.

13. Smooth muscle consists of spindle-shaped cells 40-200 mm long and 4-20 mm thick with a central nucleus.

14. The scapula is a flat triangular-shaped bone, that has certain prominent processes.

15. Each tracheal cartilage is C-shaped. The closed portion of the С protects the anterior and lateral surfaces of the trachea. The open portion of the С faces posteriously, toward the esophagus.'