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Розділ ІІ. Наукові дослідження в сільському господарстві Сфера моїх наукових інтересів
Галузь знань: 0901 «Сільське господарство і лісництво»
Спеціальність 8.09010205 « Конярство та кіннозаводство»
Освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень «Магістр»
Кваліфікація 2213.2 «Технолог-дослідник з виробництва і переробки продукції тваринництва»
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою
Biology of family of horse equine
Chairman of the horse - prolate and dry, with large living eyes, by wide nostrils and large or medium size sharp and very mobile ears or average by the strained and movable enough ears. For the domestic horse of ears of moderate size (far less half of chairman), mane long, suspended, neck long muscular, trunk a round-of, a tail is covered by long hair from base, color (suit) is extremely different: black, brown, red, pale, white , gray, often with white spots on the head and feet, as an exception occur strip on the shoulders, back and legs.
Feet are high, moderate thickness, slender, the first and fifth finger is not quite, from 2 and 4 there are only rudiments (rudimentary organs) as palochkopodibnyh p'yastka bones and metatarsus (the so-called. Slates(slate-pencil), adjacent to the large metacarpal or plesnovoyi bones strongly developed middle finger; a hoof puts an end on of the middle finger (all bodyweight fits closely on them) only on the inside of the wrists and heels are calloused horny thickening, lumps (horny places are also behind the place of articulation of the finger upstream parts ).
With feelings best developed ears, then eyes and nose. From feeling the better in all developed rumor, then sight and, sense of smell. Wild horses live by herds usually small. Herds consist of a few females and males, mainly in steppe localities, differ in high speed and carefulness.
Hair on the body of horse of different length: short thick hair - cover (wool) hair long bangs, mane and tail are protective and long liquid hair around the lips, nostrils and eyes is a senses-organ. A Hair colour determines the suit. In old age horse, as well as people, turn grey. Intensity of color of hair cover changes after seasons: in winter more light, in summer more dark.
Horse reaches an average age of 25-30 years, among some rocks pony found animals that survive to 40 years.
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2.Напишіть анотацію до даного тексту англійською мовою.
3.Підготуйте до тексту 5 типів питань.
4.Утворіть речення з даних слів(на основі тексту).
1.ears/feelings/eyes/with/nose/ best/developed/then/and/.
2.suit/a/determines/hair/the/colour.
3.As/age/horse/grey/people/as/well/in/old/turn.
4.from/developed/the/better/in/all/sense/feeling/smell/then/sight/and/of/
rumor.
5.animals/reaches/survive/some/an/age/of/25-30 years/horse/rocks/found/ that/average/among/to/ 40 years/pony.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.Herds consist of a few females and males…
2.For the domestic horse of ears of moderate size…
3.Feet are high, moderate thickness, slender, the first and fifth…
4.Hair on the body of horse of different…
5.Intensity of color of hair cover changes…
1.Перекладіть текст українською мовою
Forage and feeding of horse
From rough forage to the horse give a hay, straw and chaff. Basis of ration in winter time (about 40-50%) makes good hay. His absence usually causes mineral and vitamin insufficiency. The best hay for feeding of horse is Meadow cereal, different herbares, timofeechnoe, clover-timofeechnoe . Cleanly a leguminous hay to the horse is fed fed in a volume 50% from the general norm of hay. Adult horse eat up to 4 kg of hay per 100 kg. weight Than horse has a more fag, the less than give to her hay and the anymore - oat. A straw to the horse is fed only instead of part of hay, as in her small nutritives and much cellulose that stipulate her subzero food value.Straw in the form of cut (1.5-2.5 cm) give with succulent foods or young grass. In the ration of working horse more than 5 kg of straw donot include. A chaff for feeding horse is suitable only awnless varieties of cereal crops (spring oats, millet and barley, brome). It needs to be moistened or steam for 8-10 hours, or to prepare from her mixture with the ground up root crops.
It is possible to give to 4 kg of chaff for adult working horse on twenty-four hours. In summer the basis of the ration of horse is a grass natural and cultivated pastures and meadows (green fodder). Green fodder contains plently of moisture and dry matter of grass on the set of nutrients close to grain-growing forage and far
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excels them for biological value of protein. In addition, there is much carotene, vitamins, minerals, aromatic and estrogenic substances in him. By the concentrated feed are oats, barley, rye, bran, flour, corn, grain legumes, carrots, beets, potatoes, silage and haylage. For a horse nourishing and the best from the concentrated forage there is an oat. The daily rate of oats may be different and depends on the age of the horse, his body weight and performed her work. At the small volume of works of oat horse it is possible to give 1,5-3 kg, and at heavy are to 7,5 kg
Barley in chemical composition differs from oats lower content of minerals, fiber and fat and high in starch.
Rye in its chemical composition is virtually indistinguishable from barley, but because the rye starch has the ability to strongly swell in the stomach, the food is a serious health hazard horses. It is believed that the diet of rye include appropriate only for horses, always used to hard work.
Corn differs from other cereals high in starch and fat and lower percentages of protein and calcium, than feeding her horses (just as big tear) in their diet should be given good konyushynove, alfalfa hay or grain legumes. The diet of working horses corn can replace up to two thirds of normal oats, and the maximum rate of maize adult horses should not exceed 6 kg per day.
2.Напишіть анотацію до даного тексту англійською мовою.
3.Підготуйте до тексту 5 типів питань.
4.Утворіть речення з даних слів(на основі тексту).
1.chaff/straw/rough/horse/and/forage/give/to/the/From/a/hay.
2.a/concentrated/horse/For/and/the/best/nourishing/is/an/from/the/forage/oat/
there.
3.believed/for/appropriate/that/always/the/horses/diet/hard/work/of/It is/rye/ include/only/used/to.
4.in/lower/of/composition/Barley/minerals/fat/and/from/differs/content/
chemical/oats/fiber/and/high/in/starch.
5.and/usually/causes/absence/vitamin/His/insufficiency/mineral.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.A chaff for feedin…
2.Corn differs from other cereals high in starch…
3.Cleanly a leguminous hay to the horse is fed fed in a volume…
4.Rye in its chemical composition is virtually…
5.Green fodder contains plently …
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою
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Prophylaxis of illnesses of horse
For the prophylaxis of flu of horse conduct the complex of measures, envisaged by normative documents.
Import in the safe economies of patients and suspicious on the disease of horse a flu it is categorically forbidden. All newly arrived animals of quarantine within 30 days. In it period them clinically examine and at suspicion on a flu conduct laboratory researches. According to requirements Sanitary to the code of surface animals of International Epizootic Bureau at import of horse from a countryexporter it is necessary to require documents, envisaged by intergovernmental agreements that confirm, that animals go out of a country safe in relation to the flu
of horse, or they before maintained |
sending |
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clinical signs of this illness were not had |
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most for eight and minimum in two weeks to sending. |
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With the aim of prophylaxis to the infection conduct the inoculation of horse |
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by the inactivated |
polyvalent |
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against a flu. |
Thus subject |
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inoculation: are animals, |
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equestrian to the plants, |
sporting |
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to societies, private enterprises and circuses; are sporting and |
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is directed for limits economies. |
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At the threat of origin of flu all horses regardless of patterns of ownership |
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subject to the vaccination. Against |
a flu all |
horse are subject |
an obligatory |
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vaccination, participants of competitions, |
on hippodromes, auctions, at sending |
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after border. In case of occurring for the horse |
of respiratory |
disease all |
sick |
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animals and animals that are with them in one apartment, insulate from |
other |
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horses economies and carry out measures for establishment of diagnosis. |
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Ecology is in breeding horses. |
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2. Напишіть анотацію до даного тексту англійською мовою.
3.Підготуйте до тексту 5 типів питань.
4.Утворіть речення з даних слів(на основі тексту).
1.arrived / quarantine / within / of / 30 / days / animals / All / newly.
2.of / flu / envisaged / of / horse / conduct / the / complex / of / measures / by / normative /For / the / prophylaxis / documents.
3.is / breeding / in / horses / ecology.
4.clinically / at / suspicion / examine / flu / conduct / researches / In / it / period / them / laboratory / and / on / a.
5.economies / categorically / on / the / disease / a / flu / it / is / of / patients / Import / in / the / safe / and / suspicious / of / horse / forbidden.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
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1.According to requirements Sanitary to the code …
2.Against a flu all horse are subject…
3.At the threat of origin of flu all horses…
4.With the aim of prophylaxis to the infection…
5.In case of occurring for the horse…
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою
Breeds of horses
Local breeds are not specialized, they are taken by to the three ecological groups: steppe, forest and mountain.
Horses factory breeds bred in a certain natural and historical regions with their biological characteristics and economic feasibility. Leading improving breeds of horses Ukraine are still Orel and Russian trotting, novooleksandrivska and Soviet cart, thoroughbred and Ukrainian leaders. Much less used trakenenski horse riding, toriyski zapryazhni. In mountainous and foothill areas of the Carpathians successfully use Hutsul horse breed.
Thoroughbred horse breed is shown out in England in XVII-XVIII of century the reproduced crossing of local mares of riding type stallion Eastern origin (Arabic, Turkish, Turkmen). Horses of this breed have a well-developed body, dry structure of the body, strong muscles, strong type constitution. They early ripen, busiest. Extremely high consolidation type and breed characteristics give reason to use it for output and improve a number of new shvydkoalyurnyh? rocks. Among them are horse trakenenska, Budennovskoye and other species. Sometimes in the rock there is a tendency to bone fractures rozroschennya. In general to her peculiar Kozinets, Rohrer, blyuterstvo some other drawbacks. Animals the demanding to the terms feeding and maintenance. basic method of breeding of pure breed, sent to the increase of playfulness, increase of fecundity and strengthening of constitution These breeds are used in equestrian sport, as well as existing and for the leadingout of new breeds of horse.
Trakenenska breed. A place of leading out is Germany, XVIIIХУХ century by the difficult reproduced crossing local mares with the stallions of Arabic, thoroughbred horse, Turkmen and other breeds. Dry constitution, "noble" and "elegant" shape figure, ease of movement, high ability to overcome obstacles. Massiveness. Karakova suit.
Ukrainian riding breed hatched in Ukraine in 19451990's to the reproduced crossing of horse of the West-European breeds. Horse differ in the harmonious type of build, have a strong constitution, well developed muscles and energetic temper, quiet temperament. Measuring of stallions - 164-192-21, queen - 162-188-
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20. Tribal work is sent to consolidation of desirable sporting type at of pure breeding. Horses of this breed are identically suitable both for sport, and for the use in an agricultural production and to improve the breeding of local horses.
Orlovska trotting breed is shown out in Russia in XVIII-XIX of century the difficult reproduced crossing of horses, Arabic, Danish, Dutch, thoroughbred horse breeds, followed by dilution "in itself" by hard work on selection and breeding qualities. Species differ harmoniously composed easily to harness-type of horse. They have a strong backbone, high capacity. Measurements stallions - 162-181-20, mares - 160-183-20. More common in rock gray, bay and crow suit. Living mass is 500-550 kg exit of foals on 100 mares - 80-85. Energetic temperament and kind character are characteristic.The basic method of breeding – of pure breed, selection in direction of perfection of capacity and precocity at maintenance of high height, dry constitution, smartness. Limited mating mares with Russian, American and French trotters. A breed is used in the first turn as improvers of mass worker and tribal breeding and also in equestrianism.
The Russian trotting bred in Russia reproductive crossing Orlovsky and American species, followed by dilution "in itself" and approved in 1949 to breed horses characterized by good combination of height, massiveness, elegance and increased liveliness. Quite developed in these animals the muscles and ligaments, a strong constitution. Measuring: stallions - 161-184-20,5, mares - 159-184-19,5. Colour of horse - bay, crow, at least - gray and red. Basic method of breeding - of pure breed in direction of increase of playfulness, precocity and fecundity at maintenance of high height, correct exterior and easily to harness as/ The wave of blood of the American trotters is used also. Perfect the breed of Dibrivskyy, Lymarivskyy, Zaporozhye stud farms.
Novooleksandrivskyy shire. This breed of horses introduced in Russia by a complex reproductive crossing local mares of different zones of the stallion ardenskoyi species, followed by dilution "in itself". Approved in 1948, small horses (stallions are 149191-21, mare are a148-191-21 cm), massive (live weight 590 stallions, mares - 560 kg), with harmonic structure of the body, dry constitution, energetic and at the same time balanced temperament differ sufficiently high serviceability of durability and performance. Maximum traction force 669 kg. From mares for lactation are to 2500-3000 kg of milk from 100 mares - to 85-90 foals. Animals are whimsical to fodder, use them for agricultural works and to improve mass and productive horse. The basic method of breeding in a breed is of pure breed breeding. Selection work is work is sent to consolidation and perfection of capacity, endurance, mobility, suckling productivity.
Soviet cart species approved in 1952. She is shown out in Russia with the use of reproductive crossing local mares with stallions brabansonskoyi breed and
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subsequent dilution "in itself". For the horse of breed characteristic large size (measurements stallions - 161-210-25, mares - 156-200-23,7) massiveness (live weight of stallions - 780 kg, mares - 650 kg), high capacity, quiet temperament, high precocity . Foals in 6 months arrive at living mass 350-370 kg, in annual age are 500 kg; fecundity is 70-75 foals from 100 mares. Animals have good quality meat and milk production. Record hopes are 7007 liters for a lactation. The colour of horse of this breed is mostly red, ore , bay, hnidochala, borax and other. We use horses for transportation purposes and as improvers in productive breeding. Selection work direct at improving the working qualities of horses for pure breeding.
Hutsulska breed is most widespread in Ukraine in the area of the eastern Carpathians. The first information about this breed was in the early XVII century. Horses of this breed distinguished by high endurance and resistance, by fecundity and longevity, effectively use forage, quickly restore fatness. For these horses is characterized by a strong constitution, low growth. Measuring of stallions is a 140- 182-19 cm mares - 136,5-179-18 cm. From colours prevail bay, ore, happen crow, bulan and other They are used on different agricultural works, harvester, under a saddle and load-pack, in maintenance of strippant stock-raising. The basic method of breeding is of pure breed breeding.
2.Напишіть анотацію до даного тексту англійською мовою.
3.Підготуйте до тексту 5 типів питань.
4.Утворіть речення з даних слів(на основі тексту).
1.and/character/temperament/kind/Energetic/are/characteristic .
2.and/have/meat/good/quality/milk/Animals/production.
3breed/method/of/breeding/The/is/of/basic/pure/breeding.
4.is/most/Hutsulska/in/Ukraine/widespread/in/Carpathians/the/are/a/
eastern/of/the/breed.
5.first/this/XVII/century/information/The/about/was/in/the/breed/early.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.A place of leading out is Germany…
2.Quite developed in these animals…
3.Leading improving breeds of horses Ukraine…
4.Thoroughbred horse breed is…
5.Ukrainian riding breed hatched…
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Галузь знань: 0901 «Сільське господарство і лісництво»
Спеціальність 8.09010201 «Технологія виробництва і переробки продукції тваринництва»
Освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень «Магістр»
Кваліфікація 3213 «Технік –технолог з виробництва та переробки продукції тваринництва»
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою
Technology of production of forage
It is presently worked out and different technologies of purveyance of forage are inculcated. main feature them them is application of highperformance collective and transport equipment, its rational exploitation, reducing transport costs, fuel economy. This will help organize combine continuous conveyor, provide food in a short time. It is needed to inculcate the most perfect organization of purveyance of forage. Taking into account the shortage of small collective technique in farms, it is necessary to organize common her use a few economies. It is important to ensure that harvesting forage crops in due time as an essential condition for harvesting forage.
The necessary condition for high-quality forage harvesting is the careful planning processes, including collecting, transporting and laying of food for storage, use of progressive forms of organization and remuneration.
Except storage of roots and tubers, watermelons, , straw of furious and winter-annual breads, the purveyance of forage is related to the different methods of their canning - dehydration(natural or artificial), lactate fermentation, leading to of raw material to physiology dryness with next storage in anaerobic terms, chemical canning, freezing.
Simplest method of canning of forage - drying natural dehydration of herbares - did not lose a value and in our days in connection with his availability, simplicity, minimum charges, high quality of fodder. Together with that drying of herbares in the field is related to the severe losses of food value, and sometimes and worsening of digestible of nutritives, first of all to protein. It is therefore necessary to perfect technology of making hay with the aim of reduction of him physical losses and upgrading.
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A Hay is one of the best kinds of fodder in a winter period. A High quality hay it is possible to satisfy with the requirement of animals in nutrient for 40 - 50%, and in digestible protein on 35 - 45%. On a hay collect to the bob in a phase budding, cereal in a phase of earing - to beginning of flowering. During this period the grass well deciduous and contain the largest amount of nutrients. Yes, in 100kg of alfalfa hay, canted phase in budding contained 64k.o. and 16.9 kg of digestible protein, at mowing at the beginning of flowering - accordingly: 56 к.о. and 13,9 kg of digestible protein; in the phase of the complete flowering -44 к.о. and 10,5кг of digestible protein.At a delay of cutting protein content decreases by 1 - 2% for twenty-four hours, and cellulose increases from 23% to 40%. At a delay with mowing content of protein diminishes on 1 - 2%% for twenty-four hours, and cellulose increases from 23%% to 40%%. At mowing of herbares on a hay at the end of flowering to 42%% harvests are lost, mainly due to aging and falling of sheets; in addition the term of collection substantially influences on speed of growing of after-grass. Delay from on 1 day detains growing of plants picking up of rollers of the mowed herbares on 2 days.
2.Напишіть анотацію до даного тексту англійською мовою.
3.Підготуйте до тексту 5 типів питань.
4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.is/fodder/one/best/kinds/A/of/in/a/Hay/period/winter/of/the.
2.this/During/nutrients/the/grass/period/well/and/contain/the/deciduous/amount/ of/ largest.
3.needed/to/organization/perfect/of/inculcate/the/It is/most/forage/purveyance/ of.
4.will/organize/help/continuous/short/convey/or/provide/food/in/a/time/This/ combine
5.into/collective/necessary/of/small/a few/shortage/technique/in/farms/it is/to/ organize/common/her/account/the/use/Taking/economies.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.The necessary condition for high-quality…
2.A High quality hay it is possible to satisfy…
3.Simplest method of canning…
4.Except storage of roots and tubers
5.At a delay of cutting protein content
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою
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