Zaskaleta_S_Angl_mova
.pdfTechnology of production of forage additions
Technologies of production consist in previous preparation of raw material (cleaning, growing, dosage, mixing shallow) and special (baro thermal) treatment for the improvement of technological properties and of feed value of product with of processes: previous moistening, extruding or granulation, cooling and growing of product shallow depending on setting of fodder.
To clean the material, which is available in bunkers in the scheme include setting machines. Stair faction from a sorting sieve is directed in a bunker for wastes. A passage-way through a sieve is sent to the electromagnetic separator or magnetic column to remove impurities metallomagnetic.
Before using the waste from aromatic plants operating hopper if necessary crushed by hammer crusher using a sieve with holes of diameter 3 ... 6 mm, that provide necessary Size of raw materials. Then the raw materials sent to naddozatorni bunkers.
Extruded mixes forage that comes from the line of production is directed to the наддозаторних bunkers . The raw material prepared thus is given in a metering device, where measured out in certain correlations, necessary dose mixture is given in a mixer, and then - in an operative bunker .
Finished products from an operative bunker head for packing and shipping to the consumers. Weighing is carried out on automatic scales. The production of granular forage additions is envisaged. For this purpose after mixing of all components in the mixer is to mix bins, which are located on granulators DRG-E or DHA-B6 / 1 (11) or other types. granules in coolers to the temperature that does not exceed ambient temperature higher than 10 C. Control of size of granules is carried out in machines with the use of that provide necessary size, envisaged by
astandard.
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.clean / the / material / which / To / is / in / bunkers / available / in the / scheme/ machines / include / setting.
2.forage / production / envisaged / of / granular / The / additions / is.
3.the / bunkers / Then / materials / raw / naddozatorni / sent / to.
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4.wastes / a / sorting / Stair / sieve / is / directed / in / a / bunker / for / faction / from.
5.setting / machines / clean / bunkers / To / which / is / available / in / in the / scheme / the / material / include.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.Finished products from an operative…
2. . For this purpose after mixing…
3.Before using the waste from aromatic…
4.The raw material prepared…
5.A passage-way through a sieve
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою
Selection of agricultural animals
A Selection is science about a leadingout and improvement of breeds, types, herds, lines, crosses and families on the basis of selection, selection and use of different methods of breeding of agricultural animals that predetermine the directed change of heredity. Selection work is based on conformities to law of inheritance of biological and economic useful features or the level of the productivity of domestic animals is determined by the inherited factors and environmental conditions. The Rational use of knowledge largely determines the result of technological selection process.The improvement of genetic potential of animals is possible be due to plant-breeding work in different industries of stockraising to the study of course "Selection of agricultural animals" it follows to spare the proper attention . The Study of the module consists in mastering of theoretical bases of selection of agricultural animals students, in particular, histories of development of selection; use by them genetic conformities to law and geneticmathematical methods in the selection of animals, development and application of the modern methods of plant-breeding work sent to the improvement of existing and creation of new breeds, types, lines and cross-country races of animals.
Course "Selection of agricultural animals " is basis for the capture of methods of determination of tribal value of animal selection and selection students after basic economic useful features and the practical applications of genetics. The study of phenomena related to heredity of organisms extends also general biological knowledge and allows you to develop a better concept of evolution and factors that
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she is determined. It will assist introduction in practice of stock-raising of modern methods of plant-breeding work in the economies of different types.
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.knowledge / largely / Rational / selection / use / The / of / determines / the / result / of / process / technological.
2.of / animals / improvement / of / possible / genetic / The / potential / is /
3.of / the / consists / mastering / module / The / Study / in
4.stock-raising / introduction / in / practice / It / will / of / different / types / of / modern / methods / of / work / plant-breeding / assist / of / in / the / economies.
5.genetic / selection / conformities / use / by / them / to / law / methods / in / the
/of / animals / and / genetic-mathematical
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.Course "Selection of agricultural animals…
2.The study of phenomena related…
3.A Selection is science about a leadingout…
4.The Study of the module consists in…
5.Selection work is based on conformities to…
Галузь знань: 0901 «Сільське господарство і лісництво» Спеціальність 8.09010203 «Розведення та селекція тварин» Освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень «Магістр»
Кваліфікація 2213.2 «Технолог-дослідник з виробництва і переробки продукції тваринництва»
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою. Modern methods of research in a selection
Researches in a selection are conducted with the use of such methods:
A Genealogical method is the use pedigree data to establish patterns of inheritance of characteristics. This analysis leads splitting features in a number of generations. Especially effective at the study of the inherited diseases of humans and animals, as well as working with small fruitful species.
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Ontogenetic method - by means of this this method of study the effect of genes and their expression in the ontogeny of the organism. Gives an opportunity to educe operating of terms of environment on realization of genotype of individual. The regularities of interaction "genotype-environment" can manage the processes of cultivation and use of animals in specific technological conditions of production. Based on this method has developed a separate branch of genetics - phenogenetics.
A Population method is determination of basic descriptions of lines and species (frequency of display of sign, her mean values, type of inheritance genetic condition, change of structure of populations under the selection and environmental conditions). Has an important value for a construction and optimization of the plant-breeding programs, identification of the genetic potential of the productivity and expected selection effect. Widely used in breeding work to improve existing and create new breeds of animals.
Biometric method determines the quantitative characteristics of signs, the value of their variability, the share of influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on implementation performance. An important feature of the method is ability to determine authenticity of the obtained data that characterize separate phenotypes, classes, groups. The method includes variation statistics and also dispersible, cross-correlation and regressive analyses.
Design method gives an opportunity to describe realization of sign in ontogenesis and allows to predict the performance and viability of individuals, coming from on biochemical, physiology tests and indexes of height. Using this method, developed so-called selective indices that allow to evaluate individuals on multiple grounds of efficiency and provide much greater effect of selection. most widespread models: multivariate regression analysis, functions of degree.
Mutation method determines influence of mutagenic factors on the change of heredity (the material carrier of that are chromosomes). Mutations can be caused by physical, chemical biological mutagenic factors. It the induced mutations and their appearance may provide change of amount of number of chromosomes or their morphological structure, but often - gene mutations (changes in the structure in the molecule of DNA or RNA). The separate from these mutations have a plantbreeding value and used in practice.
Immunogenetic method is an exposure of antigenic structures of red corpuscles, difference in electrophoretic movable of proteins. A method the exposure of immunoreactions an antigen is anti body, gives an opportunity to
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define blood of animals types, that has important value for their origin, selection and selection of the best individuals after their productivity and viability, to the analysis of genetic structure of population.
Selection process takes place continuously, his methods improve constantly , that conditioned by the change of requirements of production to the breeds - their productivity and quality of products , resistance to animal diseases and adaptability to the conditions of the process. Breeding methods involve complex effects on the animals to change their hereditary qualities in a certain direction.
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.splitting / analysis / leads / This / in / a / features / of / number / generations.
2.can / factors / Mutations / by / physical / be / chemical / caused / mutagenic / biological.
3.separate / from / have / mutations / value / and / used / in / plant-breeding / practice / The / these / a.
4.in / conducted / a / methods / selection / Researches / of / such / are / with / the / use
5.inheritance / Genealogical is / patterns / the / use / pedigree / to / establish / of
/A / method / characteristics / data / of.
5. Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.Selection process takes place continuously…
2.Immunogenetic method is an exposure…
3.It the induced mutations and their…
4.Biometric method determines the quantitative…
5.Especially effective at the study…
1.Перекладіть текст українською мовою.
Genetic information theory
Genetic information is the information coded in the genome of organism or population as a nucleotide or genetic sequence (sequence of nucleotides are in the molecule of DNA or RNA) using the genetic code. It follows notices that not all inherited information genetic, there are also additional mechanisms for the transfer
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of genetic information known as epigenetic, for example, such mechanism is DNA methylation. Genetic information usually applies to amino acid sequence of proteins and RNA and the regulation of gene expression. Honestly to say expression also features genetic information of an organism or population.
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.say / expression / of / also / population / to / Honestly / features / an / organism / or / information / genetic.
2.information / Genetic / of / gene / applies / to / amino / y / acid / of / proteins / and / RNA / the / regulation / usuallexpression / and / sequence.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.It follows notices that not all…
2.Genetic information is the information coded…
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою.
Biochemical and physiological genetics
Biochemical genetics includes biochemistry of nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes. Methods that is used by biochemists and molecular biologists (chromatography, analysis of enzymes)
Physiology Genetics is Division of genetics that studies nature of the genetic determination of physiology processes in a cage and in an organism on the whole, one of her divisions there is an analysis of physiology mechanisms actually genetic cellular processes (cellular to the division, biosynthesis, etc).
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.nucleic / acids / and / biochemistry / of / Biochemical / enzymes / genetics / includes / proteins.
2.that / by / biologists / is / used / biochemists / Methods / and / molecular.
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5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.Physiology Genetics is Division of genetics…
2.Methods that is…
Галузь знань: 0901 «Сільське господарство і лісництво» Спеціальність 8.09010204 « Птахівництво» Освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень «Магістр»
Кваліфікація 2213.2 «Технолог-дослідник з виробництва і переробки продукції тваринництва»
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою. Biology of agricultural poultry
In general classification the numerous class of poultry occupies the special place.He is divided into many contracts the representatives of that differ on the structure of body, adaptability to the certain conditions of life and others like that. The skin of poultry is covered by a feathers, there are not sweat and greasy glands in her, except for a coccygeal gland. Unlike mammals, marrow agricultural poultry has not in all tubular bones. Some of them have have air cavities.
Teeth agricultural poultry does not have and forage is ground in her muscular stomach, where a very dense horn-shaped shell(cuticle) carries out the role of teeth. Poultry have large pair kidneys, but an urinary bladder is not, urine is distinguished together with an excrement. From sense-organs for poultry a rumor and sight are very well developed, but at dark she sees badly. However, getting used to placing of feeding troughs and drinking bowls in poultry houses, she eats and at night. Although sense-organs, taste and touch, for poultry are developed comparatively poorly, she strongly reacts on any changes in composition of forage and their quality.
By the important feature of agricultural poultry higher than for other animals, normal temperature of body (40,5-42 ° C), that it is related to more intensive for her metabolism. Poultry very quickly grows early in life. As a result of it to 60- 110-daily age, depending on the type of poultry, her living mass increases in 40 times. Puberty is ability to carry eggs and give posterity - comes in her 5-18-
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monthly age. Development of embryo of poultry passes in a maternal organism during very short time - 24-48 hours in the period of formation of egg. His Further development, including the hatching of eggs takes place in an incubator or under the hen.
These features allow print reproduction young birds in incubators at once in large quantities, which is convenient and advantageous in the management field.
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.of / have / them / air / cavities / Some / have.
2.tubular / bones / poultry / agricultural / Unlike / marrow / mammals / has / not
/in / all.
3.numerous / classification / the / In / general / place / of / poultry / special / class / occupies / the
4.have / large / distinguished / together / with / pair / kidneys / Poultry / but / an
/urinary / bladder / is / not / is / an / urine / excrement.
5.life / very / Poultry / early / grows / quickly / in.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.Teeth agricultural poultry does…
2.By the important feature…
3.Although sense-organs, taste…
4.Development of embryo of poultry…
5.His Further development, including the…
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою.
Genetic resources of agricultural poultry
The bodies, which formed egg, ovary and fallopian tube is. Organs an egg is formed in that are an ovary and oviduct. An Ovary resembles reminds by a soba yellow-pink cluster, which that consists of a large number very plenty of small vesicles (follicle) and a significant number of developed countries yolks far of the yolks of different sizes (from a large pea to yolk of egg) developed from them. Prior to egg some ovarian follicles, where it has 5-8 thousand or more, begin to increase. A Mature egg ovule (yolk) after the break of follicle rupture falls into gets to the oviduct, which is a very long folded tube which formed protein shell
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and shell eggs that shows a soba a very long plicate tube, where an albumen, shell and egg shell, appea. During the egg oviduct length increases and reaches arrives 60 cm in chickens and anymore. Funnel - A crater is initial part of oviduct. More Farther yolk, moving by reducing wall oviduct moving as a result of reduction of walls, at first passes through a long protein part on his albuminous long part. It located glands that produce a protein which yolk is enveloped. Then the egg gets to the relatively narrow isthmus of oviduct where pidshkaralupovi formed shell shells are formed Then it passes into the uterus, where the formed a shell and cuticle appear. In the same division oviduct stand substances that provide shell eggs of any color depending on the breed and type of poultry. Substances that give to the shell of egg of the that or other colouring depending on a breed and type of agricultural poultry are secreted in the same department of oviduct.All during the formation period of forming of egg from entering of yolk crater in receipt of oviduct funnel to its demolition bird takes at least 23-24 hours. of oviduct to his taking lasts poultry minimum 23-24 hours
Value for protein, yolk and shell in birds of different species varies. Correlation is a squirrel, yolk and shell for poultry of different kinds different.
Testicular in for male two. Placed them in the abdomen. They take place in an abdominal region In sexually mature males in the testes produced semen, introduced into the female genital organs during the natural mating or artificial insemination. If it does not take place, of females receiving from a female get unfertilized eggs.
Time demolition of poultry eggs is considered the first period of her sexual ripening.
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4.Утворіть речення з даних слів (на основі тексту).
1.in / two / Testicular / for / male.
2.fallopian / ovary / tube / bodies / which / formed / The / egg / and / is.
3.an / egg / is / oviduct / formed / Organs / are / an / ovary / in / that / and.
4.crater / is / oviduct / a / part / Funnel / initial / of.
5.abdomen / them / Placed / the / in.
5.Виберіть у тексті потрібну інформацію та закінчіть речення.
1.During the egg oviduct…
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2.If it does not take place…
3.Correlation is a squirrel…
4.Organs an egg is…
5.Prior to egg some ovarian follicles…
1. Перекладіть текст українською мовою.
Plant-breeding is tribal work in the poultry farming
One of the main goals of breeding basic tasks of tribal work there is an improvement economic useful signs (bearing, mass of eggs, derivability, maintenance of poultry at grown in the period of the productive use, payment of fodder and other.). In the past used the method of mass selection - undergirding gathered additionally poultry only in performance without origin after the productivity without the account of origin. To improve For an improvement and increase of productive poultry used applied a deep family domestic selection, in which birds were assessed for quality seed, paruyuchy a breeder mares with a group of sisters or napivsester. At that poultry was estimated in quality of posterity, coupling certain male with the group of uteruses of sisters or semisisters. At the same time for both parents and for posterity create the good conditions for feeding and maintenance. After an estimation and selection of the best bird lay line poultry mortgage the lines of the best males. In females are selected for these qualities, and exterior males, hoping to get in seed a positive result. But a domestic selection, if to limit to her only the leadingout of separate lines, can not satisfy the requirements of the industrial poultry farming. Intensive methods in order to obtain maximum performance with high economic efficiency is impossible without the use of hybrid birds.. In the poultry farming use two methods of breeding: of pure breed and crossbreeding.
By creating valuable pure breed breeding lines to improve species, propagated them, and reflect the highly poultry products for industrial use. By of pure breed breeding create valuable lines with the aim of improvement of breed, multiply them, and also recreate high-performance poultry for the industrial use. Both at of pure breed breeding and at crossing there are such methods of connubium of poultry : group, domestically-group, nest and artificial insemination. At the group method of females retain in apartments together with neat to them males. Most widespread the second method is used in tribal economies and consists in fallowing of females from certain families with males one any line. At a nest method separately retain the group of females with one male.
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