yastrebova-vladykina_uchebnik_2_kursa
.pdfмом, когда переучиваться уже трудно, а под параметры многочисленных объявлений, где требуются «девушки до 25 лет, ростом не ниже 175 см, в совершенстве владеющие иностранным языком», они явно не подходят. Точный процент лишившихся работы женщин определить (to establish for sure) трудно, потому что они чаще других уходят с рынка труда: заниматься домашним хозяйством, нянчить внуков ...
Вторая социальная группа, по официальной статистике наиболее страдающая от безработицы, – это молодые люди от 16 до 29 лет (более 30 процентов зарегистрированных безработных). Даже те из них, кто успел приобрести профессию, не вписываются в условие работодателя: «...с опытом работы не менее трех лет». Опыт есть у тех, чей возраст близок к пенсионному, но в их случае, увы, это уже не преимущество.
Женщины и молодежь переживают наиболее длительные периоды безработицы, нередко приводящие к совершенно безвыходным ситуациям. Но особенно тревожат судьбы молодых безработных, многие из них выбирают выход из жизненного тупика (to opt for) – в криминал.
И еще один характерный, хотя и не отмеченный (if mostly overlooked) статистикой штрих к портрету россиянина, потерявшего работу. На недавних выборах в Госдуму почти в каждом округе выдвигался в кандидаты «нигде не работающий».
/И. Данько, Известия, 24 февраля 2000 года/
Idioms: hand / hands
Ex. 49. Match the idioms 1–15 with the correct definitions A–O. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.The party had to win a two-thirds majority to have a free hand in writing the constitution.
2.The policeman quickly assessed the situation and realized that it was getting out of hand.
3.Many of the city’s politicians are hand in glove with smugglers.
4.He has a wife and three children and they live from hand to mouth on what he earns.
5.In our family I do the cooking and Greg lends a hand with the washing-up.
6.Whether you are a beginner or an old hand you will find this book very helpful.
7.Now that he’s been appointed to this post he will have a hand in shaping the policy of the company.
8.Mrs. Durrell’s hands were quite full without having Larry’s friends around.
9.Unfortunately the matter has been taken out of my hands.
10.The main opposition party played into his hands by boycotting the election.
11.We all understand that environmental reforms should go hand in hand with economic reforms in this country.
12.They are making money hand over fist, but anyone unscrupulous enough can do it under the circumstances.
13.The police have got to do something about this. They cannot continue to sit back and wash their hands.
14.I try to be cool and sensible, but sometimes my feelings get the upper hand of me.
15.The pub has changed hands several time recently.
a.to have the freedom to make one’s own decisions on how a task (project, etc.) should be done
b.a person (organisation) working in close association with another, often secretly or for a dishonest purpose
c.to help someone do smth
d.to be involved in doing or creating smth
e.to be experienced in smth
f.to have enough money to pay for basic necessities only
g.to lose control over things
h.property or possessions given or sold by one person to another
i.to refuse to be involved or take responsibility
j.to be very busy
k.to act in such a way that your rival (opponent) gains an advantage over you
l.to be no longer responsible for smth
m.things that are closely related
n.to make or lose large amounts of money very quickly
o.to be more powerful than someone else
Ex. 50. Complete the sentences using idioms from ex. 49.
1.The prisoner thanked all who ___ in his release.
2.I just can’t ___, it’s too frightening to live in poverty.
3.When Argentina invaded the Falklands in April 1982, the Thatcher government felt things were rapidly ___ .
4.She was given a totally ___ by her boss to do exactly as she pleased.
5.Drug trafficking is controlled by the local gangs, who are believed to be ___ with the police.
173
6.Jason is ___ in dealing with difficult customers.
7.I promised ___ Marge ___ with her job search.
8.In his speech the party leader said: “We cannot ___ of responsibility for the state of the economy in this country.”
9.Things are ___ now. I can only wait.
10.By the close of business only 270 mln shares ___ .
11.Our business flourished and we made money ___ .
12.It would be silly of me to react angrily – this will only ___ of my enemies.
13.She must ___ with her work and the children to look after.
14.It’s only too clear that crime ___ with poverty.
15.Unprogressive managements like this are much too common. They cause half the trouble and work ___ with communism for the downfall of the system.
16.The companies had no skills and almost all were losing money ___ .
17.Politics and horse-racing ___ in Lexington, Kentucky, the self-proclaimed “horse-racing capital of the world”.
18.By June 1799 Desaix could claim that he ___ . Many of the local Sheikhs had submitted to him.
19.“They are making money ___, my dear fellow”, Elliot told me.
SPEAKING 5
What is to be Done about Youth Unemployment?
☻ Discussion questions:
1.How important is the role of school and university education in getting a job?
2.Will timely and relevant labour market information solve the problem?
3.Can an Internet Web site linking employers and potential employees ease youth unemployment? How?
4.What actions do you believe are necessary to create more job opportunities for young people:
a national job creation strategy targeted at students and youth?
job centres which distribute available work among young people?
non-repayable grants to help youth complete post-secondary education (vocational training)?
low-interest loans to help the young set up their own business?
☻ Points of controversy
Which do you agree with? Give your reasons.
1.The Importance of Education. Education is the key to getting a job today. Many youths who have dropped out of school or who haven’t received their high school certificate yet have a hard time finding a place to earn money in our society. Employers look for people with good grades in school and a good background in the workforce. A good education does not necessarily guarantee a job or a career, but it merely gives to the more educated a better chance of finding a job.
2.Academic Education is a Costly Fraud. There should be laws forbidding discrimination on the basis of academic qualifications. Employers would be able to test recruits to determine if they have the sk ills actually needed for a job, but not to require them to have served time at schools or colleges.
3.A Good Education Pays Off. Researchers who studied the labour force found out that people with a better educa-
tion tend to earn more money in their lifetimes then those with less education. A study has been done on high school dropouts that has shown that a male who has completed high school education will earn $149 000 more in his lifetime than a male with lower education. A male with a university degree will earn $2.6 million in his lifetime. All the more reason to stay in school and go to university.
READING 6. Welcome to British Short Stories of Today
This is another extract from the story “Getting Used to It” by Douglas Dunn. A slice of life – unemployment through the eyes of unemployed Harry.
Pre-reading questions:
1.How does unemployment affect people socially?
2.In your opinion, what are the worst effects of unemployment:
a.loss of self-esteem
b.loss of social contacts
c.frustration and depression
174
d.alchohol abuse
e.friction at home
f.personal degradation
3.What are the best ways to recover from after-effects of losing a job?
Scan the text to find out which of the characters is:
a.self-employed
b.underemployed
c.unemployed
Getting Used to It
Harry Boyle bumped into Vic Nairn on the corner of Hairst Street. “Harry! Now, you’re a sight for sore eyes!” Nairn’s cliche greeted Harry with the familiarity of something well known and detested. “Haven’t seen you for ages.”
“I don’t go out much these days, Vic.” “It’s very sad, Harry. But I understand.”
Harry Boyle was unemployed, and, as Nairn knew, he had all the time in the world. He passed some of it taking the family dog for its walks. Entering High Street on his way home, he caught sight of Bob MacQueen approaching on the same pavement. A change in the traffic lights released a stream of cars, which prevented him from slipping unnoticed across the street.
Cursing his luck, he decided he would have to go through with it and hope that MacQueen was in a hurry. MacQueen was a plumber with his own business, and although he had known Harry for years, only a promotion to a white-collar job had made Harry a man to be spoken to in the street and fit for MacQueen’s friendship.
“This is quite a coincidence,” Harry said, forcing himself to be agreeable tugging his terrier on its leash. “I’ve not long been talking to Vic Nairn.”
“I ran into Vic last week,” said MacQueen. “Oh my God, Harry, but Victor’s the most melancholy man I’ve ever met!”
“And how are you, Bob?”
“As a matter of fact,” MacQueen said sadly, “I’ve an appointment with the doctor in half an hour. Nasal polyps.
That’s my diagnosis.”
“How about you?” he asked looking at his watch.
“Health’s fine,” said Harry. “The only problem is, I’m broke, as you can well imagine.”
“Times are hard.” MacQueen looked as if he found other people’s problems distasteful. “It’s the same all over.” “I’m getting used to it already.”
* * *
Harry did more housework than he had been brought up to believe was good for a man’s dignity. “How much would it cost,” he asked Vera, “to have these curtains dry-cleaned?”
“I don’t think I like what’s happening to you. Last week you washed the kitchen floor, behind my back. And now you’re talking about curtains.”
A few days later: “Have we any carpet shampoo in the house, Vera? I don’t see it in the cupboard.” “Have you spilled something?”
“No. But look at it. It’s a good few shades darker than when we bought it.”
Carpet shampoo materialized, as Vera took advantage of Harry’s new housewifery, or husbandry. “I think it’s getting to you,” Vera said.
“What is?”
“Unemployment is. And time is, too.”
“You don’t hear me talk about unemployment. I just don’t get roused by the subject. I’ve got plenty of time.” “You were certainly angry enough the night you came home with that redundancy notice.”
“Sure, I was livid. But right now I’m into carpets and curtains. I’m a home boy. If they can keep me on the breadline, plus some, I’ll be happy enough and so will you.”
* * *
As Harry came out of the public park, he saw Vic Nairn leave the swimming baths on the other side of the road. Curious at the sight of Nairn with a rolled towel under his arm, Harry forgot to hide. Hairn saw him and waved with a limp stroke of his arm, waiting on the pavement for Harry to cross the street.
“I’d no idea you were a baths-goer,” Harry said.
175
“According to the doctor, I ought to take more exercise. I told him I didn’t think it would help my condition. And I know what you’re thinking. Why’s a hardworkring man like me seen coming out the baths on a Friday afternoon? I’m on short time. Me, on short time!”
“I’m very sorry to hear that, Vic.” Harry worried at his own sincerity.
“Twenty-four years I’ve given that company. They’ll be closing,” said Nairn. “I give them three months at the very most. I don’t know what I’ll do. And there’s the humiliation of having to sign on for the dole, for the unemployment benefit!”
“You’ll get used to it,” Harry said encouragingly.
“Do you have to stand in a queue, with other men? What I mean is,” he whispered, “is it possible – I mean, is there a time when they’re not busy? You’ll know this, Harry. Can I pop in,” he asked furtively, holding Harry by the elbow, “without having to stand in a queue?”
“They’ll give you a time. Vic,” Harry said.
“We’ll not see the likes of Bob MacQueen in a dole queue,” said Nairn, his lips smacking with vindictiveness.
“If he goes bust,” said Harry, “it’s the end of the world. MacQueen’s self-employed. He isn’t entitled to unemployment benefit.”
“He’ll have made provisions,” said Nairn. “But even so, here’s hoping,” he said, his eyes widening, “that the bottom falls out of the plumbing trade1.”
“I wouldn’t go that far,” said Harry, jerking the dog on its leash, angry with himself for having given so much as a hint of complicity in Nairn’s bad-mindedness. “No, you wouldn’t say a thing like that if you’d been unemployed for as long as I have.”
“Oh, don’t say that. Harry. I’ll find a job. I’ll LOOK for one.” “I looked as well, you know.”
“I didn’t mean it like that, Harry.”
“It’s new to you, Vic. But you’ll find out.” He was pleased at having bad tidings2 of his own to pass on, but checked himself from rubbing them in.
“It’s the indignity of it!”
“Forget that,” said Harry. “Believe me, it’ll pass. Think of all the time you’ll have to spend with Mrs Nairn.” “Oh God, no.”
“Must go. See you soon. Vic.”
Guessing from context
Read the text again and try to guess the meaning of the words in italics.
Comprehension questions:
1.Why did Harry want to avoid Bob MacQueen?
2.How did Harry fight the effects of his unemployment?
3.Did his wife approve of his new attitude?
4.Why was Vic Nairn going to the swimming baths on a Friday afternoon?
5.What was Nairn’s major worry?
6.What is the difference between Harry’s and Vic’s attitude to unemployment?
7.Which characters of the story does the title refer to?
Language Work
Ex. 51. Explain the italicized phrases and sentences from the text.
1. ... only a promotion to a white-collar job had made Harry a man to be spoken to in the street ...
2.Harry did more housework than he had been brought up to believe was good for a man’s dignity.
3.It (unemployment) is getting to you.
4.Harry worried at his own sincerity.
5. ... his lips smacking with vindictiveness. 6. If he goes bust it’s the end of the world.
7. ... (to give) a hint of complicity in Nairn’s bad-mindedness.
Ex. 52. Look through the text and pick out the words and word combinations which are topical vocabulary.
Word Building
1дела у водопроводчиков пойдут совсем плохо
2плохие новости
176
Ex. 53. Make up new words using the prefixes under and over.
Some words can take either prefix, while others – only one. Be careful!
UNDER |
|
OVER |
(not enough; |
|
(too much, |
below standard) |
|
more than usual) |
– |
crowded |
overcrowded |
underemployment |
employment |
– |
underfeed |
to feed |
overfeed |
|
achiever |
|
|
age |
|
|
charge |
|
UNDER |
developed |
OVER |
|
to eat |
|
|
to estimate |
|
|
indulgent |
|
|
manned |
|
|
to pay |
|
|
population |
|
|
to price |
|
|
privileged |
|
|
qualified |
|
|
to rate |
|
|
to sleep |
|
|
staff |
|
|
statement |
|
|
to stay |
|
|
to tax |
|
|
to throw |
|
|
time |
|
|
weight |
|
|
work |
|
Ex. 54. Fill in the gaps with the derivatives of the words in the margin. Use the pattern given above.
1.Opponents of youth training argue that it is a form of cheap forced labour, that it does not provide young people with the high-technology skills that will be needed in the
future, and that it is _______ . |
paid |
2.Never _______ your pet. The animal should always have feed enough exercise and look sleek and slim.
3.Hemingway’s style is characterized by crispness, laconic
dialogue, and emotional _______ . |
statement |
4.Some physicians and pharmacists have been _______ be- paid cause they made up false bills.
5.Dr. MacPheil was the sort of man who always paid what
he was asked. He preferred to be _______ than to haggle charge (argue about the price).
6.Taxpayers who make late payments or _______ their tax estimate by an excessive amount must pay a penalty.
7.The coastal cities could not provide jobs for many of the newcomers. As a result, the Brazilian government has tried to attract people from the crowded coastal cities to
the _______ interior. |
populate |
8.Many scientists, economists and other experts believe the
world is or will soon become _______ – that is, it will populate have more people than it can support at an acceptable
177
standard of living.
9.By imposing Western standards, viewers _______ the rate richness of Byzantine art.
10.Sometimes signals from internal receptors that do not give information on hunger are interpreted as hunger. A person
|
may than _______ and become _______ . |
eat; weight |
11. |
A developing country is one of the world’s poor nations. |
|
|
Such nations were once called _______ countries, but |
developed |
|
most economists now prefer the terms “developing coun- |
|
|
try, less developed country, or L.D.C.” |
|
12. |
Rules about _______ smoking were finalized in 1996. |
age |
13._______ is the term used to designate the situation of employment those who are able to find employment only for shorter
than normal periods: part-time workers, seasonal workers, day or casual workers. The term may also describe the condition of workers whose education or training make
|
them _______ for their jobs. |
qualified |
14. |
“We settled on fifteen hundred dollars for the larger paint- |
|
|
ings. Do you call it _______?” |
price |
15. |
Food, books and children clothing should not be _______ . |
tax |
16. |
These shoes are very nice but terribly _______ . |
price |
17.Without a jacket or tie, I felt rather _______ at their wed- dressed ding.
18.About a third of the people of the Third World’s cities
now live in desperately _______ slums, many are unem- |
crowded |
ployed, uneducated, _______ and chronically sick. |
nourish |
19.The teacher said, “Paul was _______ because he was get- achieve ting B’s and C’s when he should be getting A’s.”
|
VOCABULARY LIST 4 |
1. sight n |
1) вид; at the sight of при виде; to know smb by sight |
|
знать кого-либо в лицо; to catch sight of smb уви- |
|
деть; to lose sight of smb потерять из виду |
2)поле зрения; in sight поблизости, в обозримом бу-
дущем; peace is now in sight; out of sight за преде-
лами видимости; at first sight на первый взгляд
3)pl. достопримечательности; to see the sights; a sight for sore eyes приятное зрелище, желанный гость
2.release v 1) освобождать, отпускать; to release from prison
|
|
освободить из тюрьмы; to release smb from one’s |
|
|
promise / duties освободить кого-либо от данного |
|
|
им слова (обещания) / обязанностей |
|
2) |
выпускать (на экран) новую продукцию, изда- |
|
|
вать что-либо; to release a film / book / an album |
release n |
1) освобождение, избавление; a release from prison / |
|
|
|
care / pain |
|
2) |
выпуск, публикация; press-release |
3. fit adj |
1) подобающий, достойный; do as you think (see) fit |
|
|
|
делайте, как считаете нужным |
|
2) |
(при)годный, способный; to be fit for smth / to do |
|
|
smth; unfit негодный, непригодный; to be fit / unfit |
|
|
to do the job / for the job |
|
3) |
здоровый, бодрый; to keep (feel) fit |
fit v |
1) подходить (по размеру, форме и т.д.); the dress |
|
|
|
fitted her perfectly / like a glove |
|
2) |
(in / into) поместиться; will the skis fit into the car? |
178
I can’t fit five people into my flat
3) соответствовать; to fit the description / criteria / etc.; the man fits the police description; this name doesn’t fit her;
phr. to fit in with smth / smb; an overnight stay in Leeds didn’t fit in with my plans; he fitted in with his fellow students straight away
4.coincide v совпадать; to coincide with; his story coincides with
the facts его рассказ соответствует фактам
5.distaste n отвращение, неприязнь; distaste for smth неприязнь
|
к кому-либо; he had a distaste for such work такая ра- |
|
бота ему претила |
distasteful adj |
неприятный, отвратительный; many people find |
|
this film distasteful |
taste n |
вкус; a man of taste человек со вкусом; to have a taste |
|
for smth проявлять интерес к чему-либо |
6.indignity n пренебрежение, унижение; to suffer from indignity
страдать от унижения; to subject to indignity подвергать унижению
dignity n достоинство, величие; with dignity с достоинством dignified adj обладающий чувством собственного достоинства; to have dignified manners держаться с достоинст-
вом; a dignified person / speech
7.advantage n 1) преимущество, превосходство; to get / to gain an
|
advantage over smb добиться преимущества (пре- |
|
восходства) над кем-либо; the advantage of a uni- |
|
versity education / of being married / etc.; to give smb |
|
an advantage over smb; her work experience gave her |
|
an advantage over the other applicants |
|
2) выгода, польза; to take advantage of smth / smb вос- |
|
пользоваться чем-либо, использовать кого-либо; to |
|
be to one’s advantage на пользу кому-либо; to turn |
|
smth to one’s advantage обратить что-либо себе на |
|
пользу |
advantageous |
выгодный, благоприятный; advantageous offer, |
adj |
business; mutually advantageous взаимовыгодный |
8.redundancy n 1) излишек, избыток чего-либо (напр., рабочей
силы)
2)сокращение штатов; redundancy pay выходное пособие
redundant adj 1) излишний, чрезмерный; redundant population in the cities излишек городского населения
2)уволенный, сокращенный; to become / to be made redundant быть уволенным (по сокращению штата)
9.condition n 1) состояние, положение; in good / perfect / bad / aw-
ful / etc. condition
2)pl. обстоятельства, условия; working / living conditions; in existing / present conditions
3)юр. условие, оговорка; to meet / satisfy conditions
выполнять условия; on condition that … при условии, что …
conditional adj условный, обусловленный; conditional promise ус-
ловное обязательство
10.sincerity n искренность, честность
sincere adj искренний, честный; sincere sympathy; sincere friends
179
11. |
sign v |
подписывать; to sign the document / petition / check |
|
|
signature n |
подпись; to put one’s signature to / on a document ста- |
|
|
|
вить свою подпись (под документом) |
|
12. |
entitle v |
1) |
давать право; to be entitled to smth / to do smth |
|
|
|
иметь право на что-либо / делать что-либо; women |
|
|
|
over 55 are entitled to retirement pension; I’m entitled |
|
|
|
to know the truth |
|
|
2) |
озаглавливать; to entitle an article; his last book is |
|
|
|
entitled … |
13. |
check v |
1) |
останавливать, сдерживать; to check inflation, the |
|
|
|
increase in crime, etc.; to check oneself (one’s anger) |
|
|
|
сдерживаться |
|
|
2) |
проверять, контролировать; (for) to check smth |
|
|
|
for smth; to check one’s paper for mistakes; (on) |
|
|
|
проверять, выяснять to check on smb / smth; to |
|
|
|
check on the quality of goods; we must check on him |
|
|
3) |
консультироваться; to check with smb (one’s law- |
|
|
|
yer, doctor, etc.) |
|
check n |
проверка, контроль; checks on arms sales / security; |
|
|
|
to keep a check on smb / smth постоянно следить за |
|
|
|
кем-либо / чем-либо; to keep / hold smb (smth) in check |
|
|
|
держать под контролем; to hold global warming in |
|
|
|
check; checks and balances система сдержек и про- |
|
|
|
тивовесов; checkup (infml) медосмотр |
|
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Ex. 55. Translate into Russian.
1.The perfect picture faded; still it is a sight for sore eyes in the shabby house. It is seen to better advantage from a distance.
2.You are one of the types that I look for. You fit a specific job profile. In fact, you are the closest match I have ever found.
3.In the course of this research Wallace formulated his theory of natural selection; a striking coincidence was revealed in 1858 when he communicated his ideas to Darwin, whose own similar theory of evolution was then in manuscript.
4.It is believed that, with the development of a sense of ethics in Greek life, the idea of a lecherous, sometimes ridiculous father god became distasteful, so later legends present Zeus in a more dignified light.
5.The study of ancient literature, history, and moral philosophy was meant to produce people of taste and judgement, citizens rather than priests and monks.
6.He took advantage of the trade winds (пассаты) off the coast of South America and thereby shortened his sailing time so much that he was suspected of witchcraft, for which he was tried but not convicted.
7.Each college was a component part of a corporate body called a university organized for mutual advantage and legal protection of masters and students.
8.The Declaration of Independence was mostly written by Thomas Jefferson and signed by the most important figures in early American history.
9.Every culture has a word for “smart” and for “stupid”. And everyone feels entitled to have an opinion about intelligence.
10.Checks and balances is a system of limiting the power of the three branches of government by having each branch control and balance the power of the other two.
11.Unless checked, deep economic integration creates a natural, but not necessarily desirable, momentum towards deep political integration.
12.The British have introduced a redundancy payment, a one-time benefit paid at the time of lay-off.
13.Robert Harley, the speaker of the House of Commons, secured his release in November 1703, probably on condition that he agreed to become a secret agent and public propagandist for the government.
Ex. 56. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
180
1.The body of the cheetah is adapted for taking prey by running rather than by leaping from ambush, as with the leopard, and the cheetah hunts __ sight rather than by smell.
2.The age __ exploration and nationalism beginning __ the 15th century coincided __ the development of larger and handier sailing ships, as well __ the invention of gunpowder and navigational instruments that enabled sailors to venture __ __ sight __ land.
3.“Agreed”, said Sal. “I have no problem there. But how can we turn it __ our own advantage?”
4.“But why?” asked Joe. “Surely the Senate sees the advantages __ it? After all, they aren’t blind, or stupid for that matter, are they?”
5.If you’re unsure ___ your legal rights I would check____ a lawyer.
6.I then checked __ the whereabouts of every heavy cruiser assigned to the city. As there are only twenty-four of the machines here, it proved to be an easy task.
7.The eastern section, however, was fit __ agriculture, with hills and fertile valleys watered ___ good-size streams.
8.Maxwell’s theory made such an assumption unnecessary, because it fit __ __ the Newtonian concept of an absolute space-time frame for the universe.
9.Non-EU students are not normally entitled __ national health service in Ireland.
10.Soon after his release __ prison Oscar Wilde died __ a shabby flat __ Paris.
11.The division between the Northern Irish communities meanwhile remained as sharp as ever, with no solution __ sight.
12.The engine, being quite larger, was much harder to fit __ the car.
Ex. 57. Paraphrase using Vocabulary List 4.
1.We could see nobody around but tracks could be seen on the pale sand.
2.I would like to see some places of interest of Singapore before it gets too late, if you don’t mind.
3.If I ever happen to see him again, I’ll ask for the money he owes me.
4.When “Please, Please Me” and the album “Meet the Beatles” were made available for the American public to buy and the group appeared in Sullivan Show in February 1964, Beatlemania crossed the Atlantic.
5.His tastes and habits were the same as those of his wife.
6.Robert Penn Warren is an American novelist, poet, and critic. His work reflects his concern for maintaining human self-respect in the face of corruption and abuse of power.
7.Originally, hanging was not a method of capital punishment, but of insulting the dead body of a criminal.
8.He was a trustful soul and they were planning to make use of this weakness.
9.His last visit to London disappointed him a lot – it was fruitless.
10.If you fail an exam three times you are not allowed to try any more.
11.He entered O’Cassidy’s name and examined the status of his family. He then removed a small chip from his pocket and inserted it in the reader, entering the data.
12.In March 1951 the Chavez regime devaluated the currency in an attempt to hold inflation and the loss of gold reserves.
13.Routine medical examination revealed that the deterioration of his eyesight disabled Grimes as a pilot.
14.The same thing will happen to me if I don’t take care of my physical condition.
15.Even though his father was an enthusiastic calvinist preacher, the son developed a strong dislike for strict religion.
16.“Do you feel it isn’t proper for me to be here?” “Something like that,” she said. “Here in Singapore there is a definite line drawn between the rich and the poor.”
Ex. 58. Translate into English.
1.Ранним вечером того же дня Наполеон увидел англо-голландскую армию недалеко от Мон-Сен-Жар. Обе стороны начали немедленно готовиться к сражению.
2.«Пожалуйста, оставайтесь в Цюрихе до тех пор, пока мы не разрешим Вам уехать», – сказал человек, сидящий в конце стола. «Мы должны все проверить.»
3.Он пытался получить удовольствие от вечеринки, но быстро понял, что просто не вписывается в избранное
(distinguished) общество.
4.Эдвард II, правитель Англии, был известен как король, чья некомпетентность и отвращение к государственным делам в конце концов привели к его низложению и убийству.
5.Его земли были со вкусом засажены большими пальмовыми деревьями и множеством (a myriad of) других более мелких и ярких тропических растений.
6.На Пилата (Pilate) произвело впечатление то, с каким достоинством и откровенностью Иисус отвечал на его вопросы.
181
7.«Я предвижу долгую и взаимовыгодную дружбу», – сказала Сэл.
8.Когда завод закрылся, многие рабочие были уволены.
9.Договоренность, достигнутая в Женеве в 1954 году (которую США отказались подписать), привела к разделу (partition) Индокитая и, в конечном счете, к эскалации конфликта в регионе.
10.Они внимательно наблюдали за тем, как он одевается. Один из них проверял каждый предмет (article) его одежды, прежде чем ему было позволено одеться.
11.Система сдержек и противовесов обусловливает необходимость компромиссов и согласия между ветвями власти.
12.Граждане Европы имеют право на широкое обсуждение Конституции Европейского Союза.
13.В 1064 году после кораблекрушения у берегов Нормандии, Гарольд, граф Эссекс, был захвачен в плен Вильгельмом. Он был освобожден с тем условием, что поддержит притязания (claim to) Вильгельма на английский престол.
14.Университетское образование Тома давало ему преимущество перед остальными претендентами, которые никогда не учились в университете.
Ex. 59. Give a free translation into English. (see also text 3 in the Reader, Employment).
Уровень безработицы в России достиг к концу января 1999 года рекордной отметки, составив (a record high of) 12,4% от численности экономически активного населения. В декабре Госкомстат (the State Committee for Statistics) России оценивал уровень безработицы в стране в размере 11,8% от численности рабочей силы. В январе общая (overall) численность безработных, активно ищущих работу любыми способами (по объявлениям, через знакомых, через биржу труда) и готовых к ней приступить, составила (to amount to) в России 8 млн. 956 тыс.
По всем показателям положение с занятостью молодежи имеет более негативные проявления, чем в целом у населения страны. Доля молодежи среди безработных в полтора раза превышает ее долю в составе занятых.
Выпускники школ, профессионально-технических училищ, средних специальных и высших учебных заведений составляют около четверти (23,8 процента) безработной молодежи в возрасте 16–29 лет. Нужно решать задачу трудоустройства выпускников, оставшихся не у дел. Но разумнее все же постараться минимизировать их приток в стан безработных.
Рассмотрим эту проблему на примере высшей школы. Ликвидация обязательного распределения молодых специалистов (assigning college graduates to jobs) привела к тому, что изменилась вся система взаимоотношений между студентами, учебными заведениями, предприятиями и государством. Возник некий «вакуум ответственности». В функции службы занятости не входит трудоустройство выпускников до тех пор, пока они не приобретут статус безработных. Их трудоустройство не входит также и в функции учебных заведений.
SPEAKING 6
☻ Read the letter and answer the questions below.
The following came in by e-mail ...
David,
I sympathize with you. I am also on the dole, although I have a college degree (in Psychology and Sociology; also a Criminology Certificate and a Solaris Unix Administration Certificate). I graduated from college two years ago, but have been denied many jobs because I have no experience. But how on earth can I have two to three years of full-time experience straight out of college?
Recently I studied computers too. I saw all the demand for and supposed shortages of Information Technology professionals. So I studied Unix Administration. To my amazement I’m in the same boat as before! “You don’t have experience”, “You don’t have a computer science degree”, “You don’t know either Unix or Windows NT; you don’t know the five programming languages we require either”.
I’m at my wits’ end. Any further rejections and the only thing for me will be to join the army. Nowadays increased unemployment pressures mean many people cannot have families, careers, or anything else. Without money in this world it seems one is a nobody and cannot achieve anything.
How about starting a Society for the Universal Unemployed? It seems you and I have the same views on this unemployment environment. This would be the goal: we can start a Web site and a newsletter, which is easy enough. Then we can hold seminars, go on TV, and let the world know what unemployment and poverty is all about. We could use donations to start businesses that will train and employ people, etc.
Please reply and say what you think about it. Sincerely,
182