Учебник англ

здесь, он помог бы урегулировать спор без судебного

разбирательства.

Could he come to-night, we should be very glad. = If he could come to-night, we should be very glad. - Если бы он мог придти сегодня вечером, мы были бы очень рады.

В условных предложениях 3-его типа при пропуске союза if глагол had ставится перед подлежащим. Например:

Had I seen him yesterday, I would have asked him about it. = If I had seen him yesterday, I would have asked him about it. - Если бы я видел его вчера, я спросил бы его об этом.

Had he known it, he would not have gone there. = If he had known it, he would not have gone there. - Если бы он это знал, он не пошел бы туда.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ. Тема 9: Условные предложе-

ния.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.1. Переведите предложения и определите тип условия.

1.If offenders are under 14, they are not sentenced to imprisonment.

2.I would never have offered him such a job, if I had been aware of his criminal record.

3.If young people had more leisure centres, it would reduce crime.

4.If a fine were not considered adequate, a person might be sentenced to do community service or be put on probation.

5.If an eyewitness wants to give information, he will have an opportunity to do so.

6.They might not have been robbed, if they had had a burglar alarm.

7.The police officers will solve crimes quicker, if they use better equipment.

8.If the in-house lawyer were not ill, he would participate in the negotiations.

9.If you come I shall explain you the subject-matter of dispute.

10.If you were able to abolish a legal norm what law would it be?

11.If A. trespassed on B.'s land, A. might be liable to pay compensation to B. even though he caused no actual harm.

12.The injured party may sue for specific performance if financial compensation will not compensate for the breach of contract.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.2. Употребите нужную форму глагола в условных предложениях 1-го и 2-го типов. Переведите предложения.

299

1.If the employer (to pay) me tonight, I (to have) enough money for the tickets.

2.He (to climb) over the wall if there (not to be) so much broken glass on the top of it.

3.If the house (to burn) down, they (can claim) compensation for the loss.

4.If you (not to believe) what I say ask your brother.

5.He (to look) better if he (not to work) nightly.

6.Why don’t you gеt a cat? If you (to keep) a cat, the mice (not to run) about everywhere.

7.If you (to give) your evidence today, the jury (to find) him not guilty.

8.If someone (to make an offer), “I’ll give you 500 pounds to go into the court and swear that my testimony is true,” what you (to say)?

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.3. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующую форму глаголов в придаточном условном предложении.

1.If it (to rain) we'll stay at home.

2.I'd go to the dentist if I (to be) you.

3.If he (to come), tell him that we were in a hurry.

4.If we (to know) that before we would not have come.

5.I would go at once if it (to be) necessary.

6.If you (to read) the book you would know the answer.

7.If they (to know) they would tell you.

8.If you (be) a lawyer, which work would you prefer to do and which one would you dislike and why?

9.I think you would have got permission if you (to ask) the judge.

10.If violence actually (occur), the act would have been termed battery.

11.He would give you the money if he (to have) it.

12.We could go for a drive if it (to be) Saturday today.

13.I could understand the lecturer if she (to speak) more slowly.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.4. Употребите нужную форму глагола в условных предложениях 3-го типа.

1.If you (to arrive) ten minutes earlier, you (to got) a seat.

2.I (not to believe) it if I (not to see) it with my own eyes.

3.If they (to ask) you, you (to accept) it?

4.If I (to realize) what a bad driver you were, I (not to come) with you.

5.If you (to tell) me that he never paid his debts, I (not to lend) him the money.

6.If she (to know) the whole story, she (not to be) so angry.

7.You (not to get) into trouble if you (to follow) my instructions.

300

8.If my friend (to try) harder, he (to succeed).

9.You (to save) me a lot of trouble if you (to tell) me where he was going.

10.If her alarm clock (to ring), she (to be) on time for work this morning.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.5. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму глагола в придаточных предложениях.

1.If you didn’t misrepresent facts, people would trust you more.

2.If she were telling the truth, she would be looking me straight in the eye.

3.If the defendant had told the truth, she wouldn't have blushed like that.

4.If he had confessed, he would not have been punished so severely.

5.If you had met him before, I am sure he would have recognized you.

6.If their marriage had been imperfectly constituted in law, it would have been annulled.

7.The falsity of the defendant's evidence cannot be established by the evidence of only one witness, for if this were allowed, it would be merely a case of oath against oath.

8.The investigation would have been considered successful if the available physical evidence had been accurately reported to the court.

9.The main opposition party forms a Shadow Cabinet, which is more or less as the Government would be if the party were in power.

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инверсию.

1.Were the offender under 14, he would be tried by a juvenile court.

2.Had these facts been fully appreciated by the judge, the trial would have taken a different course.

3.Were she a good notary, she wouldn’t make such mistakes.

4.Had the investigator made the cross-examination with greater thoroughness, he would have been more successful.

5.Had they taken measures in time, many people would have been saved.

6.Were the objection valid, the judge would sustain it.

7.Had the police officer committed an act provided for in the criminal legislation, he would have been charged with criminal responsibility.

8.Had it been their first offence, the sentence would have been suspended.

301

ЗАДАНИЕ 9.7. Преобразуйте предложения по образцу. Переведите предложения:

Модель:

I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop. ~

If I had seen the signal, I would have stopped. - Если бы в тот момент я увидел знак, я бы остановился.

1.I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call.

2.We came by bus because there were no taxis.

3.We didn’t visit the Patent Office because we hadn’t time.

4.I didn’t work hard at school, so I didn’t get a good job when I left.

5.Не was deep in his thoughts and didn’t notice the “No parking” sign.

6.She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you.

7.There were so many people there that nobody noticed his absence.

8.They got the children back alive only because they paid the ransom at once.

9.The contract was not enforceable because the subject matter of an agreement wasn’t legal.

Приложение (Appendix) 1

Неправильные английские глаголы

VERB	PAST SIMPLE	PARTICIPLE 2	ПЕРЕВОД
be [bi:]	was, were [wз:]	been [bi:n]	быть
beat [bi:t]	beat [bi:t]	beaten ['bi:tn]	бить
become [bi:kʌ m]	became [bi:keim]	become[bi:kʌ m]	становиться
begin [bi'gin]	began [bi'gæn]	begun [bi'gʌ n]	начинать
bleed [bli:d]	bled [bled]	bled [bled]	кровоточить
blow [blou]	blew [blu:]	blown [bloun]	дуть
break [breik]	broke [brouk]	broken ['brouk(e)n]	ломать
bring [briŋ]	brought [brɔ :t]	brought [brɔ :t]	приносить
build [bild]	built [bilt]	built [bilt]	строить
burn [bз:n]	burnt [bз:nt]	burnt [bз:nt]	гореть
burst [bз:st]	burst [bз:st]	burst [bз:st]	разразиться
buy [bai]	bought [bɔ :t]	bought [bɔ :t]	покупать
catch [kætʃ ]	caught [kɔ :t]	caught [kɔ :t]	ловить, хватать
choose [tʃ u:z]	chose [ʃ əuz]	chosen [tʃ əuz(ə)n]	выбирать
come [kʌ m]	came [keim]	come [kʌ m]	приходить
cost [cɔ st]	cost [cɔ st]	cost [cɔ st]	стоить, оценивать
cut [kʌ t]	cut [kʌ t]	cut [kʌ t]	резать
do [du:]	did [did]	done [dʌ n]	делать
draw [drɔ :]	drew [dru:]	drawn [drɔ :n]	1) рисовать, 2) тащить

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VERB	PAST SIMPLE	PARTICIPLE 2	ПЕРЕВОД
dream [dri:m]	dreamt [dremt]	dreamt [dremt]	мечтать, дремать
drink [driŋk]	drank [dræŋk]	drunk [drʌ ŋk]	пить
drive [draiv]	drove [drouv]	driven ['drivn]	водить (автомобиль)
eat [i:t]	ate [et]	eaten ['i:tn]	есть, кушать
fall [fɔ :l]	fell [fel]	fallen ['fɔ :lən]	падать
feed [fi:d]	fed [fed]	fed [fed]	кормить
feel [fi:l]	felt [felt]	felt [felt]	чувствовать
fight [fait]	fought [fɔ :t]	fought [fɔ :t]	бороться
find [faind]	found [faund]	found [faund]	находить
fly [flai]	flew [flu:]	flown [floun]	летать
forget [fə'get]	forgot [fə'gɔ t]	forgotten [fə'gɔ t(ə)n]	забывать
forgive [fo'giv]	forgave [fo'geiv]	forgiven [fo'givn]	прощать
freeze [fri:z]	froze [frouz]	frozen ['frouzn]	замерзать
get [ get ]	got [gɔ t]	got [gɔ t]	получать
give [giv]	gave [geiv]	given [givn]	давать
go [gou]	went [went]	gone [gɔ n]	идти
grow [grou]	grew [gru:]	grown [groun]	расти
hang [hæŋ]	hung [hʌ ŋ]	hung [hʌ ŋ]	вешать
have [hæv]	had [hæd]	had [hæd]	иметь
hear [hiə]	heard [hз:d]	heard [hз:d]	слышать
hide [haid]	hid [hid]	hidden ['hidn]	прятать
hit [hit]	hit [hit]	hit [hit]	попадать в цель
hold [hould]	held [held]	held [held]	держать
hurt [hз:t]	hurt [hз:t]	hurt [hз:t]	ушибить
keep [ki:p]	kept [kept]	kept [kept]	содержать
know [nou]	knew [nju:]	known [noun]	знать
lay [lei]	laid [leid]	laid [leid]	класть
lead [li:d]	led [led]	led [led]	вести
lean [li:n]	leant [lent]	leant [lent]	наклоняться
leave [li:v]	left [left]	left [left]	оставлять
lend [lend]	lent [lent]	lent [lent]	занимать
let [let]	let [let]	let [let]	позволять
lie [lai]	lay [lei]	lain [lein]	лежать
light [lait]	lit [lit]	lit [lit]	освещать, разжигать
lose [lu:z]	lost [lɔ st]	lost [lɔ st]	терять
make [meik]	made [meid]	made [meid]	производить, создавать
mean [mi:n]	meant [ment]	meant [ment]	обозначать
meet [mi:t]	met [met]	met [met]	встречать
mistake [mis'teik]	mistook [mis'tuk]	mistaken [mis'teik(e)n]	ошибаться
pay [pei]	paid [peid]	paid [peid]	платить
prove [pru:v]	proved [pru:vd]	proven [pru:vn]	доказывать
put [put]	put [put]	put [put]	класть, помещать
quit [kwit]	quit [kwit]	quit [kwit]	выходить
read [ri:d]	read [red]	read [red]	читать

303

VERB	PAST SIMPLE
ride [raid]	rode [roud]
ring [riŋ]	rang [ræŋ]
rise [raiz]	rose [rouz]
run [rʌ ŋ]	ran [ræŋ]
say [sei]	said [sed]
see [si:]	saw [sɔ :]
seek [si:k]	sought [sɔ :t]
sell [sel]	sold [sould]
send [send]	sent [sent]
set [set]	set [set]
sew [sou]	sewed [soud]
shake [ʃ eik]	shook [ʃ uk]
show [ʃ əu]	showed [ʃ əud]
shut [ʃ ʌ t]	shut [ʃ ʌ t]
sing [siŋ]	sang [sæŋ]
sink [siŋk]	sank [sæŋk]
sit [sit]	sat [sæt]
sleep [sli:p]	slept [slept]
slide [slaid]	slid [slid]
speak [spi:k]	spoke [spouk]
spend [spend]	spent [spent]
spill [spil]	spilt [spilt]
spread [spred]	spread [spred]
spring [spriŋ]	sprang [spræŋ]
stand [stænd]	stood [stu:d]
steal [sti:l]	stole [stoul]
stick [stik]	stuck [stʌ k]
sweep [swi:p]	swept [swept]
swim [swim]	swam [swem]
swing [swiŋ]	swung [swʌ ŋ]
take [teik]	took [tuk]
teach [ti:tʃ ]	taught [tɔ :t]
tear [tɛ ə]	tore [tɔ :]
tell [tel]	told [tould]
think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ :t]
throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]
understand [ʌ ndə'stænd] understood
wake [weik]	woke [wouk]
wear [wɛ ə]	wore [wɔ :]
weep [wi:p]	wept [wept]
win [win]	won [wʌ n]
wind [waind]	wound [waund]
write [rait]	wrote [rout]

PARTICIPLE 2	ПЕРЕВОД
ridden ['ridn]	ездить верхом
rung [rʌ ŋ]	звенеть
risen ['rizn]	подниматься
run [rʌ ŋ]	бежать
said [sed]	говорить
seen [si:n]	видеть
sought [sɔ :t]	искать
sold [sould]	продавать
sent [sent]	посылать
set [set]	ставить
sewn [soun]	шить
shaken ['ʃ eik(ə)n]	встряхивать
shown [ʃ əun]	показывать
shut [ʃ ʌ t]	закрывать
sung [sʌ ŋ]	петь
sunk [sʌ ŋk]	тонуть
sat [sæt]	сидеть
slept [slept]	спать
slid [slid]	скользить
spoken ['spouk(e)n]	говорить
spent [spent]	тратить
spilt [spilt]	проливать
spread [spred]	расстилать
sprung [sprʌ ŋ]	прыгать
stood [stu:d]	стоять
stolen ['stəulən]	красть
stuck [stʌ k]	колоть
swept [swept]	смётать, подметать
swum [swʌ m]	плавать
swung [swʌ ŋ]	раскачивать
taken ['teik(ə)n]	брать, взять
taught [tɔ :t]	учить
torn [tɔ :n]	рвать
told [tould]	рассказывать, говорить
thought [θɔ :t]	думать
thrown [θrəun]	бросать
understood [ʌ ndə'stud]	понимать
woken ['wouk(e)n]	просыпаться
worn [wɔ :n]	носить
wept [wept]	плакать
won [wʌ n]	выигрывать
wound [waund]	извиваться
written ['ritn]	записывать, сочинять

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Приложение (Appendix) 2

Интернет ресурсы (Useful Online Resources)

Dictionareis http://thelawdictionary.org/ http://www.hg.org/law-dictionary.html http://www.lexipedia.com/ http://www.merriam-webster.com/ www.wordreference.com/

Legal Information http://books.google.com/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html http://law.justia.com/

http://library.law.columbia.edu/guides/Finding_Foreign_Law_Resources_on_the_Int ernet

http://library2.lawschool.cornell.edu/ForeignLawGuide/?id=1

http://lp.findlaw.com/ http://scholar.google.ru/schhp?hl=en&lr=lang_en&newwindow=1&as_sdt=0 http://www.answers.com/search?q=law http://www.asil.org/resources/electronic-resource-guide-erg?page=eu http://www.ehow.com/

http://www.jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/index.htm

http://www.lexisnexis.com/legalnewsroom/p/lexisonelandingpage.aspx

http://www.loc.gov/law/help/guide/nations/russia.php

http://www.nolo.com/

http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/index.html

http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Russia1.htm

http://www.onlinenewspapers.com/

http://www.plol.org/Pages/Search.aspx

http://www.refdesk.com/factlaw.html

http://www.uscourts.gov/Home.aspx

www.loc.gov

Video http://www.videojug.com/search?keywords=law

http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCyPO28BcLHY3HcQItd9Fvw

http://www.youtube.com/user/UKParliament

http://www.youtube.com/user/UKSupremeCourt

English Grammar http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/forms/grammar_request.htm http://homeenglish.ru/Grammar.htm

http://learnenglish.de/

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/

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Приложение (Appendix) 3

Exemplary Expressions for the Assignment “DEBATES”

Аgreement - согласие:

I absolutely agree. = I completely	– Совершенно согласен.
agree! = I couldn't agree more.
I can't help thinking the same.	– Не могу не согласиться.
I think it is true.	– Полагаю, что это так.
I'm exactly of the same opinion.	– Я думаю точно так же.
It’s like this.	– Похоже на то.
Oh, exactly!	– Именно так!
That's true. = You are right.	– Вы правы.
Partial agreement - частичное согласие:
I don’t completely agree with it be-	– Я не могу согласиться с этим
cause ...	полностью, так как ...
I see what you mean, but ...	– Я понял, что вы имеете в ви-
I see your point, but I also think	ду, но …
	– Я понимаю вашу позицию,
that ...	но при этом считаю, что ...
I’m not entirely sure about that.	– Я не вполне уверен в этом.
I’m not sure, in fact.	– На самом деле я не уверен.
In spite of what you say, I think ...	– Несмотря на то, что вы ска-
OK, but ...	зали, я думаю …
	– Да, но …
That doesn’t seem quite right.	– Мне не кажется это абсо-
That may be true, but on the other	лютно верным.
	– Может, и так, но с другой
hand ...	стороны …
That’s all very well, but ...	– Это очень хорошо, но …
There’s some truth in what you	– Есть доля истины в ваших
say. However, ...	словах. Тем не менее…
To a certain extent, yes, but...	– В определенной мере – это
	так, но …
Disagreement - несогласие:
I am afraid, I can’t agree with it.	– Боюсь, но я не могу с этим
I am of a different opinion.	согласиться.
	– Я придерживаюсь другого
	мнения.

306

I can’t say I share your view.

I completely disagree. = I strongly disagree. = I don’t agree at all.

I disagree. = I don’t agree.

I don’t share your opinion (on that matter).

I don’t think that’s right.

I’m afraid I entirely disagree with

...

That’s not my way of looking at it.

To my mind, it is false because ...

–Не могу сказать, что разде-

ляю ваше мнение.

–Абсолютно с вами не согла-

сен.

–Я думаю иначе.

–Не разделяю вашего мнения

(по этому вопросу).

–Не думаю, что это правиль-

но.

–Боюсь, я совершенно не со-

гласен с …

–Это отличается от того, как я

воспринимаю данный вопрос.

- По-моему, это неверно, так

как …

307

Приложение (Appendix) 4

Linking Phrases for “ESSAY WRITING”

Introductory paragraph

Your thesis statement is sufficient if it is not trivial or stereotyped and has a point that someone could argue against. For that reason, use laconic and plain sentences but avoid phrases like the following:

I think that …

I'm not sure about this, but ...

In my opinion ...

In this paper I will ...

My essay is about …

The purpose of this essay is to ...

And don’t use a dictionary or encyclopedia definition as a thesis statement.

Supporting your argument

at the same time it is true to	- вместе с тем, надо признать, что
say that ...	...
firstly = to begin with	- во-первых; для начала; прежде
furthermore	всего
	- более того, к тому же
in addition	- помимо всего прочего; сверх того
in other words	- иными словами
in the first place	- в первую очередь
it should also be emphasized	– следует подчеркнуть, что ...
that ...
it should also be noted that ...	– следует упомянуть и то, что ...
let us take another example	– возьмем еще один пример
secondly	- во-вторых
the corollary of this is that ...	– выводом из этого является то,
thirdly	что ...
	- в-третьих
this applies especially to ...	– это, прежде всего, распростра-
this idea is supported by ...	няется на ...
	– это утверждение подкрепляется
this in turn means that ...	...
	– это, в свою очередь, подразуме-
this is further illustrated by ...	вает, что
	– дополнительно это иллюстриру-
this takes us to the heart of the	ется (чем-то)
	– это подводит нас к сути вопроса
matter

308