VII. Make up short dialogues using the verb “to be” and expressions with it.

Model: A. Are you fond of reading detective stories?

N. Not very much. I'm interested more in historical novels. And you?

A. As for me, I'm crasy about detectives of all kinds. Don't you want to go to the library with me?

N. With pleasure. Let's go.

8. Explain the meaning of the following idioms and proverbs and use them in the sentences or situations of your own.

1. to be the very picture of one’s (father…)

2. to be a character.

3. Marriages are made in heaven.

4. to be in apple-pie order.

5. to be well to do.

6. to be on (off) the air.

7. to be light (difficult) reading.

8. to be a best-seller (a best-selling author).

9. to be off one's travels.

10. the world is a small place.

ДІЄСЛОВО “to have”.

(The verb “to have”)

Present Indefinite
повні форми	короткі форми	запитальні форми	заперечні повні форми	заперечні короткі форми	альтернативні заперечні короткі форми
full forms	short forms	interrogative forms	negative full forms	negative short forms	alternative negative short forms
I have	I’ve	Have I?	I have not	I haven’t	I’ve not
you have	you’ve	Have you?	you have not	you haven’t	you’ve not
he has	he’s	Has he?	he has not	he hasn’t	he’s not
she has	she’s	Has she?	she has not	she hasn’t	she’s not
it has	it’s	Has it?	it has not	it hasn’t	it’s not
we have	we’ve	Have we?	we have not	we haven’t	we’ve not
they have	they’ve	Have they?	they have not	they haven’t	they’ve not
* Короткі форми ‘ve,’s не вживаються, коли to have виступає в ролі повнозначного дієслова e.g. I have a shower every morning.

Past Indefinite
повні форми	короткі заперечні форми		питальні форми		заперечні повні форми
full forms	negative short forms		interrogative forms		negative full forms
I had	I hadn’t		Had I?		I had not
you had	you hadn’t		Had you?		you had not
he had	he hadn’t		Had he?		he had not
she had	she hadn’t		Had she?		she had not
it had	it hadn’t		Had it?		it had not
we had	we hadn’t		Had we?		we had not
they had	they hadn’t		Had they?		they had not
Future Indefinite
повні форми		короткі форми		запитальні форми		заперечні повні форми
full forms		short forms		interrogative forms		negative full forms
I shall/will have		I’ll have		Shall/will I have?		I shall/will not have
we shall/will have		we’ll have		Shall/will we have?		we shall/will not have
he will have		he’ll have		Will he have?		he will not have
she will have		she’ll have		Will she have?		she will not have
it will have		it’ll have		Will it have?		it will not have
you will have		you’ll have		Will you have?		you will not have
they will have		they’ll have		Will they have?		they will not have

Функції дієслова to have
І. Як повнозначне дієслово to have вживається зі значеннями:
мати, володіти
I have a good library.	У мене є хороша бібліотека.
Не had a lot of friends.	Він мав багато друзів.
We shall soon have a new flat.	Незабаром у нас буде нова квартира.
Has he got a good dictionary?	Чи є у нього хороший словник?
II. Як допоміжне дієслово to have вживається для утворення всіх часів групи Perfect.
I have seen the new building of our university.	Я бачив нове приміщення нашого університету.
I had finished this work by six о'clock.	Я закінчила цю роботу до шостої години.
III. Як модальне дієслово to have вживається в сполученні з інфінітивом та часткою to для вираження необхідності виконати дію в силу певних обставин.
1 have to get up early on Mondays.	Мені доводиться (мені потрібно) вставати рано по понеділках.
They had to go there.	їм довелось (їм треба було, вони повинні були) піти туди.
He will have to do it.	Йому доведеться (йому потрібно буде, він повинен буде) зробити це.
IV. У сполученні з деякими іменниками дієслово to have втрачає своє основне значення мати, володіти і стає єдиним поняттям з іменником, означаючи тільки дію.
to have breakfast	снідати
to have dinner	обідати
to have supper	вечеряти
to have a party	влаштувати вечірку
to have a rest	відпочивати
to have a talk	поговорити
to have а chat (with someone)	погомоніти
to have а walk	погуляти
to have a good/nice time	добре провести час
to have a look (at something)	подивитись
to have a swim	поплавати
to have a wash	помитися
to have a bath	прийняти ванну
to have a shower	прийняти душ
to have а cigarette	запалити цигарку
to have a baby	народити дитину
to have a try	спробувати

Exercises

I. State the functions of the verb “to have” and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. I have bought a new dress.

2. He has three daughters.

3. I have got a lot of books.

4. They have dinner at five o’clock.

5. We have to leave home at 8 o’clock in the morning.

6. She had finished her work by 6 o’clock.

7. He had a rest in June.

8. He had to do this work in a very short time.

9. My sister had a very good car.

10. He will have to work hard before his examination.