Контрольная работа № 1 Вариант № 4.

Выполните следующие задания:

1. Образуйте форму множественного числа следующих существительных: highway, object, factory, ship, road, worker.

7. Напишите формы возвратных местоимений, объясните правила их использования в предложении.

8. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий: good, bad, small, pleasant, hard, rich, difficult.

9. Прочтите и переведите тексты. Текст «А» переведите письменно и ответьте на вопросы после текста.

Text A. James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule, famous British physicist, was born in 1818, in England.

Joule was one of the most outstanding physicists of his time. He is best known for his research in electricity and thermodynamics. In the course of his investigations of the heat emitted in an electrical circuit, he formulated the law, now known as Joule's law of electric heating. This law states that the amount of heat produced each second in a conductor by electric current is proportional to the resistance of the conductor and to the square of the current. Joule experimentally verified the law of conservation of energy in his study of the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy.

Joule determined the numerical relation between heat and mechanical energy, or the mechanical equivalent of heat, using many independent methods. The unit of energy, called the joule, is named after him. It is equal to 1 watt-second. Together with the physicist William Thomson (Baron Kelvin), Joule found that the temperature of a gas falls when it expands without doing any work. This phenomenon, which became known as the Joule-Thomson effect, lies in the operation of modern refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

Questions:

In what fields of science did Joule work? What physical law did he formulate? What is Joule-Thomson effect?

Text B. Safety Engineering

This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers of hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce accidents.

Text C. Properties of materials

Density (specific weight) is the amount of mass in a unit volume. It is measured in kilograms per cubic metre. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³ but most materials have a higher density and sink in water. Aluminium alloys, with typical densities around 2800 kg/m³ are considerably less dense than steels, which have typical densities around 7800 kg/m³. Density is important in any application where the material must not be heavy.

Stiffness (rigidity) is a measure of the resistance to deformation such as stretching or bending. The Young modulus is a measure of the resistance to simple stretching or compression. It is the ratio of the applied force per unit area (stress) to the fractional elastic deformation (strain). Stiffness is important when a rigid structure is to be made.

Strength is the force per unit area (stress) that a material can support without failing. The units are the same as those of stiffness, MN/m2, but in this case the deformation is irreversible. The yield strength is the stress at which a material first deforms plastically. For a metal the yield strength may be less than the fracture strength, which is the stress at which it breaks. Many materials have a higher strength in compression than in tension.

5. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова: to establish, to admit, input, founder, basic, motion, wave.

6. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова: открывать, главный, движение, решение, допускать, возвращаться, концепция.

7. Переведите на русский язык предложение, содержащее модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Special techniques have had to be advised for solving the problem.

8.Выпишите из текста «C» предложение, содержащее прилагательное в одной из степеней сравнения. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

9. Составьте резюме, используя образец в Приложении.