Судоводы - 9 семестр / Видищева Т.В., Монастырская О.И. - English in Maritime Business and Law (2014)

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11.I paid for the goods to be transported to the docks and loaded onto the ship. I also agreed to pay the cost of carrying the goods across the Atlantic. CFR

12.The importer only had to pay for the goods to be transported from Rotterdam to

his warehouse. I paid for everything else. D D P

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UNIT 13

CHARTERING (GENERAL)

Contract between shipowner and charterer

Vocabulary

•Contractfor carriage- контракт на перевозку

•Contractfor /i/Ve-контракт найма

•Соилесм/1уе-1юслсдователы1ый

•Cargo capacity- грузовместимость

•Subject to agreed restrictions - подлежащий договорным ограничениям

•Manning -укомплектование личным составом

•Repair and maintenance -ремонт и техническое обслуживание

•Store - снабжение, предметы снабжения запас

•Hull and machinery шлмгаисе-страхование корпуса и машинного оборудования

•Cargo-handling expenses-расходы на грузовые операции

•Pilotage - лоцманская проводка

•Towage - буксировка

•Stowing - укладка; размещение груза

•Trimming- дифферентовка; распределение груза в трюме

•Funnel - дымовая труба

•Long-term vehicle lease contract - долгосрочный договор об аренде

транспортного средства

• Expiry of the charter - истечение срока чартера

•Istallments - оплата в рассрочку

•At the complete disposal - в полном распоряжении

•Capital costs - капитальные затраты; затраты основного капитала

•Insurance premium - страховая премия

•Amalgamation - объединение; слияние

•То demise - сдавать в аренду

•Demise charter-party - договор фрахтования судна без экипажа

•Boxform - боксовая форма чартера

Exercise I. Read the text and answer the questions

Nature of charters

A “charter” is a contract for the hire of a vessel, aircraft, bus, etc. for a specified journey or an agreed period of time.

In a maritime context, charters include:

1.contractsfor carriage of specified quantities of cargo in specified vessels between specified ports (i.e. voyage charters); and

2.contracts for hire of specified vessels, including time charters; bareboat charters (also known as “demise charters”).

Nature of a voyage charter Qev> Сои

A voyage charter is a contract for the carriage by a named vessel of a specified quantity of cargo between named ports or places.(It may be thought of as equivalent to the

91 lA'MCRD^ CHI'ОМ ?£rl i(Oh - £jjo&«p-CHM£>crb

hire of a taxi for a single journey, or for a series of several consecutive journeys in the case of a consecutive voyage charter).

The SHIPOWNER basically agrees that he will p r e s e n t t h e n a m e d v e s s e ls for loading at the agreed place within an agreed period o f time and following loading (responsibility for which will be as agreed between the parties), will carry the cargo to the agreed place, where

he will d e liv e r th e c a r g o .

The CHARTERER, who may be the cargo owner or may be chartering for the account of another party such as the shipper or the receiver, agrees to provide for loading, within the

agreed period of time,	the agreed quality o f the	agreed	commodity,	t o p a y	the agreed
amount of freight, and	take delivery of the cargo	at the	destination	place. In	effect the

charterers hire the cargo capacity of the vessel, and not the entire vessel, and to this extent a voyage charter agreement can be considered as the maritime equivalent of a taxi hire agreement. (Control of the ship’s operations remains with the shipowner).

In some trades, e.g. chemical tankers, several cargo parcels carried on one voyage may have been fixed with several different charterers.

The shipowner must provide the master and crew, act as carrier and pay all running and voyage costs, unless the charter party specifically provides otherwise.

	Taxi hire agreement	Voyage charter agreement
	Agreement for carriage	Agreement for carriage
	Of specified "load" (e.g. one person plus luggage)	Of specified cargo (e.g. 20,000mt coal in bulk)
	Car to "pick up" at agreed time (e.g. 7.30 a.m.)	Ship to be presented at loading port between
		agreed dates (e.g. 2/6 May)
	Load to be carried from agreed "pick-up" point
		Cargo to be carried from agreed loading port
	(e.g. 20 Station Road, Brighton)	(e.g. "Singapore")
	To agreed "drop-off' point (e.g. Gatwick Airport)	To agreed discharge port (e.g. "Rotterdam")
	No agreedjourney duration	No agreed voyage duration
		Vessel owner to pay all running and voyage
	Vehicle owner to pay all running and journey costs	costs, with exception of loading and discharge
		costs where terms are "free in and out" (FIO)

	! Hire charge to be paid on completion ofjourney	Freight to be paid on completion of voyage
		(before delivery of cargo)
		A/PEx'-1!y pti 0({u c-< ey cliapfc
	N a t u r e o f a t im e c h a r t e r
	A time charter is a contract for the hire of a named, vessel for a specified period of

time. It may be thought of as equivalent to the hire of a chauffeur-driven car (the ship’s crew being ‘‘the chauffeur”). The charterers agree to hire from the shipowner a named vessel, of specified technical characteristics, for an agreed period o f time, for the charterers’s purposes subject to agreed restrictions.. iVe hire period may be the duration o f one voyage Q'a trip charter'"’) or anything up to several years (“period charter").

The SHIPOWNER is responsible for vessel’s running expenses, e.g. manning, repairs and maintenance, stores, master’s and crew’s wages, hull and machinery insurance, etc. He operates the vessel technically, but not commercially. The owners bear no cargo-handling expenses and don’t normally appoint stevedores.

The CHARTERER is responsible for the commercial employment of the vessel, bunker fuel purchase and insurance, port and canal dues (including pilotage, towage, etc.), and all loading/stowing/trimming/discharging arrangements and costs. They direct the ship’s commercial operations, but not her daily running and maintenance. The charterers normally appoint stevedores and nominate agents.

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There may be an agreement between the parties for an extra payment (of perhaps several hundred US dollars) to be made by the charterers each time the ship’s crew sweep and/or wash the holds of a dry cargo ship. Time charterers are normally allowed to fly their own house flag and, at their own expense, paint their own colours on the funnel and/or sides.

	Chauffeur-driven car hire agreement	Time charter agreement
	Agreement for hire	Agreement for hire
	O f specified vehicle (e.g. Rolls-Royce Silver	O f specified vessel (e.g. m.v. "Carrymuch")
	Cloud)
	For specified purposes (e.g. wedding)	For specified purposes (e.g. to carry any non-
		excluded cargoes)
	For agreed duration (e.g. 24 hours)	For agreed duration (e.g. 12 months}
	Com mencing at agreed time and place	Commencing at agreed time and place
	Ending at agreed time and place	Ending at agreed time and place
	Vehicle owner to pay all running costs (e.g.	Vessel owner to pay all running costs (e.g.
	maintenance, MOT tests, road tax, insurance,	maintenance, surveys, lubricating oil, crew
	chauffeur's wages)		wages)
	Hirer to pay all journey costs during hire period	Charterers to pay all voyage costs during hire
		period (e.g. bunker fuel, canal and port dues,
	(e.g. fuel, bridge tolls, parking fees)
		loading and discharge costs)
	Hire payments to be made at specified intervals	Hire payments to be made at specified
	in advance (e.g. monthly)	intervals in advance (e.g. monthlv)
	N a tu r e o f a b a r e b o a t c h a r te r		7
	A bareboat charter (sometimes called	a charter by demise or demise. chatter) is a

contract for the hire of a vessel for an agreed period during which the charterers acquire most of the rights of the owners. It may be thought of as the marine equivalent of a long-: term;ydhicleJeasecontract, li is most usually used on the Barecon 89 charter party form.

It’s used	by owners such as b a n k s	a n d fin a n c e h o u se s who are not prepared to
operate or manage ships themselves.
It’s often	fiingedfo a m a n a g e m e n t	a g r e e m e n t (e.g. where an oil company bareboat

charters a tanker from an independent tanker owner but agrees that the owners will manage the ship on the oil company’s behalf during (he charter period).

Hire payments may include installments^ ‘ o f the purchase price, and transfer of ownership may follow the finaf installment.

In essence the vessel owners put the vessel (without any crew) at the complete disposal of the charterers, and pay the capital costs, but usually no other costs. The charterers have commercial and technical responsibility for the vessel, and pay all costs except capital costs.

“ T h e B a r e c o n A ” form, under which the owners bear responsibility for insurance premiums, was designed for short-period chartering (e.g. the summer hire of a passenger vessel).

“T h e B a r e c o n B ” form was designed as a long-period financial type of contract, mainly for newbuildings although it can be modified for second-hand tonnage. The charterers are responsible for insurance premiums.

“ B a r e c o n 89” is an amalgamation of the “Barecon A” and “Barecon B” forms designed to reflect the growing use of bareboat charter registration, (see annex 8)

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Vehicle lease agreement Agreement for hire

Of specified vehicle (e.g. Jaguar XJS) For agreed duration (e.g. 12 months) Commencing at agreed time and place Ending at agreed time and place

Vehicle owner to pay capital costs (e.g. to car maker)

Hirer to pay all other costs during hire period

Hire payments to be made at specified intervals in advance (e.g. monthly)

B areboat charter agreement Agreement for hire

O f specified vessel (e.g. m.v. "Carrymuch") For agreed duration (e.g. 10 years)

Commencing at agreed time and place Ending at agreed time and place Vessel owner to pay capital costs (e.g. to shipbuilder)

Charterers to pay all other costs during hire period

Hire payments to be made at specified intervals in advance (e.g. monthly)

The “ G encon” universal established by BIM CO 1994 is used in geographical directions to transport the cargoes in case there are no requirements to conclude specific charter-parties (see annex 9).

It’s useful to consider certain terminology it contains to clearly understand the provisions of the Contract of Transportation by Sea as well as the above mentioned specific charter-parties.

PORT is an area within which ships are loaded with and/or discharged o f cargo and includes the usual places where the ships wait for their turn, no m atter the distance from the area.

SAFE PO RT is a port which during the relevant period o f tim e the ship can reach, enter, remain at and depart from without being exposed to danger w hich can’t be avoided by good navigation and seamanship.

Ports m ay be defined as follows:

LOADING PORT	]
PO RT OF SHIPM ENT	^	Порт погрузки, порт отправки
PO RT O F DEPARTURE J
PO R T O F DISCHARGE
	j*	Порт выгрузки, порт назначения
PO R T O F DESTINATION
PO R T O F TRA N SSH IPM EN T 1
		Порт перевалки, транзитный порт
TRA N SIT PO R T		J
R E G ISTER PO R T		Порт регистрации
PO R T O F R EFU G E		Порт-убежище, порт вынуж денного захода
		They are subdivided into:
BASE PO RT		Базовый порт, обязательный порт захода
O PTIO N A L PO RT		Факультативный порт

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OUTPORT	Порт, в котором грузы доставляются с перевалкой в
	базовом порту
AVANPORT, O U TERPORT	Аванпорт, находящийся на более глубоком месте, чем
	основной
INTERMEDIATE PO RT	Промежуточный порт
FREE PORT	Свободный порт, порто-франко - порт
	беспошлинного ввоза
DEEPW ATER PO RT	Глубоководный порт
SHALLOW PO RT	Порт с недостаточными глубинами
UNFROZEN PO RT	Незамерзающий порт
NORTHERN RANGE PORT	Северо-Атлантический рейндж США (Portland,
	Boston, Norfolk)
CONTINENTAL PO RT	Континентальный порт (Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp,
	Rotterdam, Le Harve)

The ports and berths may be defined when negotiating the C/Ps terms using abbreviations as follows: g s a a p —b - good, safe, always afloat, always accessible port/berth.

If the loading/discharging berth is not available when the vessel has arrived (on the vessel’s arrival) at the port, the vessel is entitled to give notice of readiness (whether in berth or not, WIBON), whether in free practice or not (WIFPON), whether customs cleared or not (WICCON), provided that the master warrants that the ship is in fact ready in all respects.

Free practice /pratique (свободная практика - это разрешение на сообщение с берегом и на производство коммерческих операций, включая допуск судна к грузовым операциям).

C ertificate of free pratique is a certificate from the port-health-authorities that the ship is without infectious disease or plague on board and therefore permitted to enter port and to allow people to board and disembark. One of the conditions that must be met before a ship is considered to be "ready" to load or discharge and thus to allow laytime to commence is that it must be "legally ready". This includes permission from the port health authorities.Free pratique can be obtained in advance of the ship's arrival, by the port agent, and communicated to the ship by telecommunication . When the vessel arrives, the master may have to prepare and issue a "Maritime Declaration of Health".

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Master's name

Ship's Name

Port where voyage commenced "Verbal" or "written" as the case may be

This certificate, issued bv the Customs authorities, does not exempt the ship from any requirement which may be made bv the Medical Officer of the Health Authority under the Law in that

CERTIFICATE OF "PRATIQUE1

BY CUSTOMS OFFICER

I hereby certify that I have examined (1).

..JAMES... ARTHUR GREENWOOD

Master of a ship called the (2)

..............................................."FORESTER"...

lately arrived from (3) TAKORADI.............

and that it appears by the (4) written............

answers of the said Master to the questions put to him that there has not been on board during the voyage any infectious disease demanding detention of the ship by the Customs authorities and that she is free to proceed.

Given under my hand at LONDON

this 12 th day ofApril

19 73

(Signed) A. Williamson

Preventive (or other responsible)

Officer of Customs and Excise

The documents to be issued by the vessel when in the port:

1.Statements of Facts. SOF (Акт стояночного времени. Документ отражает учет стояночного времени, деятельность судна с момента швартовки к причалу до окончания грузовых операций и оформления грузовых документов).

This is the document attached to a record of calculation of laytime used (the "Timesheet") and is a record of the events that can affect the counting of laytime. In some calculation forms, the Statement of Facts could be part of the Timesheet, preceding the columns in which the periods for loading, discharging, shifting, inclement weather, other excepted periods and tendering of Notice of Readiness etc., are noted.

Shipowners and charterers may use their own forms of SOF and Timesheets. However, BIMCO publishes standard forms, (see annex 5)

2.Time sheet (Таймшит. Документ составляется на основе акта стояночного времени и используется для суммирования сталийного времени и определения демереджа или ducna4a).{sQt annex 6)

3.Disbursement Account (Дисбурсментский счет. Документ, содержащий перечень понесенных судном расходов, связанных с его обслуживанием в порту).

Disbursements cover all payments made by the ship’s agents for port charges, stevedoring

96

expenses, tug hire, customs fees, stores, bunkers, water, etc., on behalf of owners. The agents may charge a certain disbursements’ commission on such advances, e.g., 2 per cent, (see annex 7)

CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS RELATED TO THE SH IP ’S EM PLOYMENT

In connection with the ship’s employment contractual relationships will exist between:

1.The ship’s OWNER and SHIP MANAGER employed (a ship management contract)

2.The ship’s OWNER, MANAGER or OPERATOR and any CHARTERERS (Charter

party)

3.The HEAD CHARTERER and any SUB-CHARTERER (Charter party)

4.The ship’s OWNER, MANAGER or OPERATOR and SHIPBROKER who fixes the ship’s employment

5.The BUYER and SELLER of each consignment of goods carried on board (sale of

goods contract)

6.An EXPORTER and any FREIGHT FORWARDER hired to arrange for the deliveiy of goods

7.The LEGAL CARRIER and each SHIPPER of goods on board (contract of

carriage)

8.The ship’s OWNER, MANAGER or OPERATOR and each PORT AGENT appointed by him

9.The ship’s OWNER, MANAGER or OPERATOR and various other parties whose

services are used during a voyage such as CHANDLERS, EQUPMENT SUPPLIERS, REPAIRERS, TUGOWNERS, PILOTAGE AUTHORITIES, PORT AUTHORITIES, STEVEDORING COMPANIES, etc. (contract for services)

10. A SHIPOWNER and each PASSENGER (contract of passage).

1.What does a charter include?

2.What are the liabilities o f a shipowner according to a voyage charter and a time charter? Define the difference.

3.What are the liabilities o fa charterer according to a voyage charter and a time­ charter? Define the difference.

4.What is a bareboat charter?

5.What is the difference between the Bareconforms?

6.What documents should be issued in the port?

Exercise 2. Complete the chart. Tick the applicable criteria
Criteria	Time charter	Voyage charter	Bareboat charter

Limited period oftime Long-term lease contract Charterer’s responsibility for commercial employment Shipowner’s responsibility for running costs Charterer’s responsibility for insurance premiums Charterer’s responsibility for commercial and technical employment

97

Exercise 3. Match words fro m box A with words fro m box B to m ake business terms. Then use the terms to complete the sentences below

A			В
Shipping	bulk	risks	waybill
Charter	delivery	note	party
Air	all	agent	note
Forwarding	shipping	mark	carrier

1. Packing and shipment will be arranged by our__________________ .

2. The freighter Narvik is a ___________________ with a cargo capacity o f 6 000 tons. 3. When you have confirmed the charter, we will send you th e ________________ __

for signature.

4. Before signing th e ____________________, please check that the consignment has arrived undamaged.

5. The cost of freight London Heathrow - Dubai is $ 10.00 per kilo, plus $ 8.00

,and $ 60.00 customs clearance and handling.

6.Please would you arrange insurance cover for $100,000 against________________________.

7. Enclosed you will find our standard_______________________ and bill o f lading.

8-The_____________________________ on the sides of the crates should correspond with the one on your shipping documents.

Exercise 4. Read “Gencon ” charter. Fill in the gaps using the corresponding Russian terms and match them with the given English ones

11. Судовой брокер

£2. Название судна

3 3.		Дедвейт в тоннах
( d	4.	Дата канцелинга
0,	) 5. Брокерская комиссия и кому оплачивается
) £	6. Стоимость погрузки/выгрузки
\ 3	7. Ставка демереджа (погрузка и выгрузка)

) 7 8. Грузоотправитель 2 9. Позиция судна в настоящее время

1£>10. Сталийное время (за погрузку; для выгрузки; общее сталийное время) I h C l l . Оплата фрахта (валюта, метод оплаты, бенефициар и банковский счет)

(512.		Валовая/чистая грузовместимость
3	13. Ожидаемая готовность в погрузке
\о I!	14. Порт/место погрузки/выгрузки
1 X..	15. Груз (кол-во груза и марджин судовладельцев; если полный груз не согласован,
указать «часть»)
I £ 16.		Ставка фрахта (оплата по выгруженному или коносаментному количеству)
О \ 17.		Согласованные дополнительные статьи, предусматривающие специальные
условия

98

1. Shipbroker	2. Place and date
3. Owners/Place o f business (Cl. 1)	4.	Charterers/Place of business (Cl. 1)
5. Vessel's name (CL 1)	6.	GRT/NRT (Cl. 1)
7. Deadweight cargo carrying capacity in	8.	Present position (Cl. 1)
tons (Cl. 1)
9. Expected ready to load (Cl. 1)	10. Discharging port or place (Cl. 1)

11.Loading port or place (Cl. 1)

12.Cargo (also state quantity and margin in Owners’ option, if agreed; if full and complete cargo not agreed state “part cargo”) (Cl. 1)

13.Freight rate (also state if payable on delivered or intaken quantity) (0 .1)

15.Loading and discharging costs

17.Shippers (state name and address) (C1.6)

19.Cancelling date (Cl. 22)

14. Freight payment (state currency and method of payment; also beneficiary and bank account)

16.Laytime (if separate laytime for load.and disch. is agreed, fill in a) and b)

18.Demurrage rate (load. And disch.) (C1.7)

20.Brokerage commission and to whom payable (CL 25)

21. Additional clauses covering special provisions, if agreed
It is mutually agreed that this Contract shall be performed subject to the conditions
contained in this Charter which shall include Part I, as well as Part II. In the event of a
conflict of conditions, the provisions of Part I shall prevail over those of Part 11 to the		!
extent of such conflict.		!
Signature (Owners)	Signature (Charterers)	|

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