Судоводы - 9 семестр / Видищева Т.В., Монастырская О.И. - English in Maritime Business and Law (2014)

UNIT 17

TIME CHARTER AGREEMENTS

T im e C h a r t e r C la u s e s

Vocabulary •D isbursem ent- выплата; расходы, издержки

•To reimburse - возмещать; компенсировать

•Cessation o f hire - прекращение аренды

•Suspension o f hire - приостановление выплаты арендной платы

•In default o f payment - в случае неуплаты аренды

• Umpire's decision - решение третейского судьи; арбитра

•Speed andfu el consumption - скорость и расход топлива

•FO (fuel oil) - жидкое топливо, мазут

•D O (diesel oil) - дизельное топливо

•Laden - груженый, загруженный (о судне)

•Idle -холостой, работающий на малых оборотах

•Trade limits -(зд.) перевозки, рейсы; границы использования судна

•Merchandise - товары

•Berth - причал

•Anchorage - якорная стоянка

•A mate 's receipt - штурманская расписка

• ‘Disponent ow ner' - диспонент, фактически распоряжающийся судном судовладелец

•F raud - обман, мошенничество

•Supercargo - суперкарго (представитель фрахтователя на тайм-чартерном судне или представитель владельца груза, сопровождающий груз в пути)

•“Off-hire " - вне аренды; обстоятельства, приостанавливающие оплату аренды

судна

•Wear and tear- амортизация

•r.o.b. (remaining on board) - остаток груза, не поддающийся откачке зачистными насосами и остающийся в грузовых танках

•Redelivery - возврат судна из тайм-чартера

•Foul B/L - коносамент с оговорками •Downtime - неэксплуатационный период

• То withdraw- отзывать •Indemnification - возмещение ущерба

Exercise 1. Read the text.Learn the name of clauses and their Russian equivalents. Answer the questions

A general purpose dry cargo time charter party will usually incorporate clauses covering at least the basic provisions tabulated below. The provisions may be covered in different C/Ps by clauses bearing different names, or by numbered clauses without names.

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Clause name

Preamble Преамбула Period/Port of Delivery/

Time ofDelivery Trade Использование судна Owners to provide Обязанности судовладельцев Charterers to Provide Bunkers

Топливо

Hire

Аренда

Redelivery Возврат судна из тайм-чартера

Cargo space Грузовые помещения судна

Master Капитан

Directions and Logs Распоряжения фрахтователей и судовой журнал Suspension of Hire Приостановление выплаты арендной платы

Cleaning Boilers Зачистка котлов

Responsibility and Exemption Ответственность и исключения из ответственности

Advances

Авансы

Matters covered by clause

Identity of parties; identity and technical specifications of vessel; present position of vessel

Period of hire; place and time of delivery to charterers

Legality of vessel’s employment; legality of cargoes carried; safety of ports used; prohibition of cargoes injurious to ship

Owners’ obligation to pay for specific items

Charterers’ obligation to pay for specific items

Charterers’ obligation to buy bunkers remaining on board (r.o.b.) at delivery port; owners’ obligation to buy bunkers r.o.b. at delivery port; minimum quantity of bunkers to be on board at redelivery

Charterers’ obligation to pay hire at the specified rate at the specified intervals until delivery; owners’ right to withdraw vessel for default on hire payments

Charterers’ obligation to re-deliver vessel in same condition as when delivered (fair wear and tear excepted); redelivery place, date and time; giving notice of redelivery by charterers; provisions where vessel is on a voyage at agreed redelivery time

Agreement that entire carrying capacity of vessel will be at charterers’ disposal

Master’s speedy prosecution of voyages; master’s and crew’s assistance to charterer; master’s obedience of charterers’ orders relating to vessel’s employment, agency, etc; charterers’ indemnification of owners against consequences of owners’ servants signing bills of lading or other documents, or complying with charterers’ orders; exclusion of owners’ liability for cargo claims; owners’ agreement to investigate charterers’ complaints about crew

Charterers’ obligation to provide master with voyage instructions and information; obligation of master and engineers to make voyage logs available to chartereres and their agents

Suspension of hire payment for duration of any “downtime” of vessel in specified circumstances; charterers’ responsibility for loss of time in specified circumstances

Owners’ obligation to clean boilers with vessel in service, if possible; charterers’ obligation to allow boiler cleaning time when necessary; suspension of hire when boiler cleaning time extends beyond specified time

Conditions under which owners will be responsible for delay in delivery, delay during the charter, or loss or damage to cargo; owners’ exclusion of responsibility in all other circumstances; charterers’ responsibility for loss or damage to vessel or owners caused by improper or negligent loading, bunkering or other acts on their or their servants’ parts

Charterers’ obligation to advance necessary funds to master for ordinary disbursements at any port; deduction of advances from hire

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Excludedports	Prohibition on Charterers from ordering vessel to a place where
Исключаемые порты	disease is prevalent or which would be beyond the agreed limits of the
	Crew Agreement, or to any ice-bound place
Loss of vessels	Cessation of hire from date of loss of vessel
Гибель судна
Overtime	Owners’ obligation to make vessel available for work 24h per day if
Сверхурочные	required; charterers’ obligation to reimburse owners for crew overtime
Lien	Owners’ lien for claims under the charter on cargoes, subfreights and
Залоговое право	bill of lading freight
Salvage	Equal sharing of salvage money after deduction of masters’ and crew’s
Вознаграждение за	proportions and other expenses
спасание
Sublet	Charterers’ option to sublet vessel; original charterers’ responsibility
Сдача судна в суб­	for due performance of charter
чартер	Prohibition on Charterers from using vessel in war zones or for carriage
War	of goods which will expose her to risks of capture; charterers’
	responsibility to pay any war risks premiums, hire for time lost due to
Военная оговорка	warlike operations and increased costs due to war zone operations;
	liberty of vessel to comply with flag State orders during war;
	cancellation of charter by either party; and redelivery o f vessel, if Flag
Cancelling	State becomes involved in war
	Charterers’option of canceling charter if vessel is not delivered by
Канцелинг	agreed date; charterers’ obligation to declare intention to cancel
Arbitration	Reference of disputes to arbitration in London or other agreed place;
Арбитраж	nomination of arbitrators by parties; umpire’s decision where
GeneralAverage	arbitrators disagree
	Rules under which any General Average is to be setteled; non­
Общая авария	contribution of hire to General Average
Commission	Amount of (brokerage) commission to be paid by owners, and party to
Брокерская комиссия	whom payable

The vessel

Time charter parties normally include a statement of general particulars about the vessel including classification, dimensions, tonnages (GT, NT, DW T), constant weight, draught, grain /bale cubic capacity of holds/tanks, speed {laden!in ballast), consumption of FO and DO (laden/in ballast/in port working/idle), type of engine, fuel used, call sign, etc. General arrangement and capacity plans may also be required by the charter.

Speed and fuel consumption are vitally important to the charterer for determining whether the vessel is performing the contract efficiently and whether he is entitled to claim for any alleged under-performance. (This is a frequent subject of dispute, since modem bunker prices fluctuate greatly). The declared constant weight (a fixed tonnage allowed for water, stores, provisions, spares, etc.) is important to the Charterers in their cargo planning.

At common law, the vessel provided by the owners must be seaworthy for the purposes o f the contract at the time of the contract’s making. Thereafter, the owners usually agree only to exercise due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy for each voyage during the charter period.

A time charter party usually contains an undertaking by the owners to maintain the vessel in good condition throughout the charter period, and the owners may be required to keep the vessel in the condition she was stated to be in when the contract was made.

A time C/P usually incorporates a clause defining the ship’s permitted employment or trade limits. Typically, the charterers may employ the vessel only in lawful trades, carrying lawful merchandise, using only ‘good and safe ports or berths' and sometimes safe anchorages where the vessel can lie always safely afloat within the agreed trading limits. The C/P should always be checked for trade limits. Some countries, areas and ports (e.g. North Korea, Lebanon, Angola, Namibia, Lybia, Somalia, etc.) may be excluded from the permitted trading area. ‘Worldwide within ‘Institute Warranty Limits’ is a common term describing agreed trading areas (the Institute meaning the Institute of London Underwriters).(see annex 10)

Liability as carrier

When cargo is shipped, the shipper may be given a mate’s receipt (or equivalent document) acknowledgement. The First Mate will make up a receipt wherein all the particulars and amounts of the cargoes that were loaded are stated, including any shortages or damaged cargo items.

When the amount of cargo received by the vessel does not agree with the amount that is stated in the Charter Party, we speak of “ d e a d fr e ig h t” (which is actually the amount of cargo missing).

The master will now make up a “ D e a d fr e ig h t L e tte r ” in which the shortage is stated. Now the owners of the cargo will have the right to claim damages. The Bill of Lading will then become ‘foul

The information in a mate’s receipt forms the basis of a B/L, which in many non-liner trades is prepared by the shipper.

________________________________ Mate's receipt_____________________________

SHIPPER: CONSIGNEE

ADDRESS TO BE NOTIFIED:

VESSEL

PORT OF LOADING

PORT OF DISCHARGE

FREIGHT_______________________________ (PREPAID / PAYABLE A T DESTINATIO N) Number of original B/L

	CARGO
MARKS & NUMBERS	DESCRIPTIONS OF GOODS & PACKAGES	GROSS WEIGHT

SPECIFICATION OF FREIGHT AND CHARGES IN €

TO:

MASTER

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The B/L funciious as a receipt, as a document of title and as evidence of a contract for carriage. Although a time charterer is a 'disponent owner \ the contract tor carriage evidenced by a B/L, if a bill is issued to a shipper, is between the real shipowner and the shipper. If the ship fails to deliver the goods described in the B/L, the owners (and not the charterers) will therefore be liable to the owners of the goods. Whether or not time charter hire has been paid, the shipowner must deliver the goods to the final holder of the B/L and frauds occasionally occur where a time charterer was the original cargo owner but sells the cargo to a consignee, fails to pay the next hire payment due, and disappears.

In these cases the shipowner is (usually) still legally obliged to deliver the cargo to the holder of the B/L, but receives nothing for carrying the goods.

If a time-chartered ship issues a B/L using her owner's own ‘house' B/L form and without mention of the fact that the vessel is time-chartered (e.g. in statement that all terms and conditions o f carriage are in the relevant C/P dated ...). the contract o f carriage may be deemed to be between the shipowner and the shipper.

If the charterers insist on the issue of their own (charterer's) B/L forms, the contract of carriage will normally be between the charterers and the shipper: in this case the terms on the B/L should make the identity of the carrier clear.

The C/P may provide for a supercargo to be carried in order to protect the charterer's interests dining the voyage (e.g. with respect to care of the cargo, discharge, etc.)

Agents

Since time charterers require their cargo operations in each port to be overseen by reliable port agents, particularly in specialized trades, the charterers will normally reserve the rights to nominate agents, although these charterers’ agents will usually be appointed and have their fees paid by the owners. (The owners will therefore be the principal in the legal relationship).

Redelivery

Redelivery conditions

A time-chartered vessel goes “off-hire ” when she is redelivered to her owner.

A Redelivery Clause will normally be found in a Time C/P. Under most Time C/Ps the vessel must be in the same good order at redelivery as when delivered (fair wear and tear

excepted). If the	charterer is prevented from making the full use o f the ship	for specific,
agreed reasons -	which are completely within the control of the shipowner -	he would not

be responsible to pay hire for the period during which the ship is not at his full disposition, i.e. during which there is loss of time to the charterer. This period is known as “off-hire". If there is loss of time for reasons which are not within the owner's control (strikes, bad weather) the ship is not “off-hire” and the hire continues to be payable. The “off-hire events” are the equipment breaking down, the deficiency of the crew and others.

An off-hire survey is required to determine the extent of any damage done during the period of hire. The vessel may be redelivered “clean” or “dirty”. In the event o f redelivery not being in the same good order and condition, the charterers would be liable for the cost of repairs.

The off-hire survey will normally be carried out by an independent surveyor to ascertain the extent of damage done during the charter, bunkers ro.b. (remaining on hoanl). etc. A Redelivery Certificate should be issued to the Master. It may be agreed that redelivery will be between certain stated IIRS, e.g. 0900-1800 (or 1400 on Saturday) - and not on Sunday or holiday. The charterers may be required to give the owners not less than 10 days

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notice.

A Time charterer may want to delay redelivery when freight rates are high, while the owners may be content with a late redeliveiy when freight rates are low, if the hire

negotiated was better than the equivalent freight rate.

1.What main points must be included?

2.What are the conditions o f time-chartering?

3. What are the functions o f B/L in different cases?

4.What are the cases o f liability o f real shipowners?

5.When can a ship go “off-hire ”?

6.What s the purpose o f an “off-hire ” survey?

7.What information should be mentioned in Mate s receipt?

8.What does a ’fo u l ” B/L mean?

Exercise 2. Read the enquiryfor a time charter.

a)Complete the letter with the correctprepositions.

b)What are the main items which are of primary importance for time charterer? Underline them.

Dear Sirs,

This letter (fax) is to confirm our conversation this morning_______which we asked if you couldfind a ship__________ six________ seven thousand tons which we could charter

_________ six months to take shipments of grain______________ Baltimore, North America,

___________various ports_____________________ the South American coast.

We will need a ship that is capable____________ making afast turnround and will be able to manage___________ least ten trips within the period.

Yoursfaithfully,________________________________________________ ____________________________________

Exercise 3. a) Complete the shipbroker*s reply using appropriate word and word
expressions
Meet	reference	bulk	capable	identify	knot	confirm
currently	maximum	cargo capacity
Dear Sir,
With(l)______________________________ to your letter (fax)				of 10 January	20_______,	we are

pleased to inform you that we have (2)___________________________________ a vessel that will

(3)_____________ your requirements.

She is the Manhattan, and is (4)______________________________docked in Boston. She is a

(5)___________ carrier with a (6)_____________________________________ of seven thousand tons.

She has a(7)__________________________speed of 24(8) _____________ , so would certainly be(9)______________________ jof ten trips in the periodyou mentioned.

Please fax us to(10)________________________ the charter and we will send you the charter party.

Yours sincerely____________________________

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2.Underline the direct answers to the enquiries in the previous letter.

Exercise 4. Read the Time charter. FiU in the gaps in the Time charter using corresponding Russian terms and match them with the English ones

» 1. Судовой брокер 5 2. Название судна

3. Дедвейт по летнюю грузовую марку, определяемую Торговой палатой - [А. Дата канцелинга

!) ь 5. Брокерская комиссия и кому оплачивается [I ! 6. Место или рендж возврата судна

'i It 7. Количество бункера при возврате (указать минимальное и максимальное количество)

I-'8. Позиция судна в настоящее время

,Vc9. Порт и время сдачи

\ ПО.	Постоянный запас бункера
АО 11•	Оплата за аренду (валюта, метод оплаты, банковский счет)
£ 12.	Валовая/чистая грузовместимость
$ 13.	Мощность главного двигателя
\ 014. Зерновая/киповая вместимость в куб. футах
' -215.	Скорость в узлах.. .при потреблении.. .тонн
(416.	Период тайм-чартера

Я £>17. Согласованные дополнительные статьи, предусматривающие особые условия, если согласованы

18. Границы использования судна/ специально оговоренные исключаемые грузы

^19. Место арбитража

2 Я20. Военная оговорка

1.Shipbroker

3.Owners/Place of business

5.Vessel’s name

7.Class

9.Total tons d.w. (abt.) on Board of Trade summer freeboard

2.Place and date

4.Charterers/Place of business (Cl. 1)

6.GRT/NRT

8.Indicated horse power

10. Cubic feet grain/bale capacity

11. Permanent bunkers (abt.)

12. Speed capability in knots (abt.) on a consumption in tons (abt.) o f

13. Present position	14. Freight payment (state currency and
	method of payment; also beneficiary and bank
	account)________________________

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Signature (Charterers)

rj^pm tôfdeîïvery (CI. 1)

16. Time of delivery (Cl. 1)

■[^Shippers (state name and address) (C1.6)

fgTBunkers on re-delivery (state min. and max. quantity) (Cl. 5)

19.Cancelling hire (Cl. 6)

21.Place or range o f re-delivery (Cl. 7)

23.Cancelling date (Cl. 22)

25. Brokerage commission and to whom payable (Cl. 25)

20. Hire payment (state currency, method and place of payment; and bank account) (Cl. 6)

22.War (only to be filled in if Section (c) agreed (Cl. 2,1)

24.Place of arbitration (only to be filled in if place other that London agreed (Cl. 23)

26.Number of additional clauses covering special provisions, if agreed

It is mutually agreed that this Contract shall be performed subject to the conditions contained in this Charter which shall include Part I, as well as Part II. In the event of a conflict of conditions, the provisions of Part I shall prevail over those of Part II to the extent of such conflict.

Signature (Owners)

1.	2.
3.	4.
5.	6.
7.	8.
9.	10.

11.

12.

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13.	14.
15.	16.
17.
18.
19.	20.
21.	22.
23.	24.
25.	26.

Взаимно согласовано, что договор будет выполнен в соответствии с условиями, содержащимися в этом чартере, который включает как ч. 1, так и ч.2. В случае противоречия условий условия ч. 1 превалируют над условиями ч. 2 в объеме этого противоречия

Подпись (Судовладельцы) Подпись (Ф рахтователи)

Exercise 5. Read the passagesfrom Time Charter. Check your translation byfinding the corresponding point in Russian. Define the time charter clauses using the table above. Underline the key points in both variants and compare them

A. Owners to provide and pay for all provisions and wages, for insurance o f the vesselfor all deck and stores engine-rooms and maintain her in a thoroughly efficient state in hull and machinery during service

B. Charterers to pay as hire the rate stated in Box 19 per 30 days, until her redelivery to her Owners. In default of payment Owners to have the right of withdrawing the vessel from the service of the Charterers, without noting any protest and interference by any court and without any prejudice to any claim....

1. Если судно погибло или пропало без вести, арендная плата не выплачивается с даты гибели судна. Если дата гибели не может быть установлена, то арендная плата выплачивается в половинном размере со дня получения последнего сообщения о судне до расчетной даты прибытия в порт назначения.

2. Любой спор по условиям данного чартера подлежит передаче в арбитраж в Лондоне. Один арбитр номинируется судовладельцами, другой

фрахтователями. Если эти арбитры не могут прийти к
соглашению, то дело передается на рассмотрение
суперарбитра, который номинируется ими. Решение
арбитров или суперарбитров является окончательным и
обязательным для обеих сторон	|

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"CT Should the vessel be lost or 3.Судовладельцы обязаны предоставить и оплатить все missing, hire to cease from the date снаряжение судна, обеспечивать палубное снаряжение и

when she was lost. If the date of			снаряжение	машинного	отделения,	поддерживать
loss can’t be ascertained half hire to			судно, корпус и машины		в полностью пригодном к
be paid from the date the vessel was			эксплуатации состоянии
last reported until the calculated
date of arrival at the destination.
D. Should the parties agree to			4. Судовладельцы имеют залоговое право на все грузы,
cancel the Charter, Owners to			субфрахт,	причитающийся		тайм-чартерным
indemnify the Brokers against any			фрахтователям, и на любой коносамент в обеспечение
loss	of	commission but in such	любых претензий по чартеру. Фрахтователи имеют
case the commission not to exceed			залоговое право на судно в обеспечение всех денежных
the brokerage on one year’s hire			сумм, выплаченных авансом, но не заработанных судном
E.	Any dispute arising under the		5. В случае, если судно вынуждено зайти в порт-
Charter to be referred to arbitration			убежище либо стать на якорную стоянку из-за плохой
in London. One arbitrator to be			погоды, либо если грузу судна нанесен ущерб, время
nominated by the Owners and the			любой задержки судна и/или вызванные такой
other by the Charterer, and in case			задержкой расходы, относятся за счет фрахтователей,
the Arbitrators shall not agree to the			даже если такая задержка и/или расходы, либо причина,
decision of an Umpire to be			вызвавшая эту задержку или расходы, являются
appointed by them, the award of			следствием небрежности со стороны служащих
Arbitrators or the Umpire to be			судовладельцев или связаны с ней
final and binding upon both parties
F. Owners to have a lien upon all			6. Если стороны договариваются об аннулировании
cargoes and sub-freights belonging			чартера,	судовладельцы	гарантируют		брокерам
to the Time-charterers and any B/L			возмещение любых убытков от потери комиссии, но в
freight for all claims under the			этом случае размер комиссии не должен превышать
Charter, Charterers to have a lien on			размер брокерской комиссии от суммы арендной платы
the vessel for all money paid in			за 1 год
advance and not earned
G In the event of the vessel being			7.Фрахтователи выплачивают арендную плату по ставке,
driven into port or to anchorage			указанной в..., за каждые 30 дней, до момента возврата
through stress of weather, trading to			судна из тайм-чартера его владельцам. Если аренда не
shallow harbors or suffering an			выплачивается, судовладельцы имеют право изъять
accident to her cargo, any detention			судно из эксплуатации у фрахтователей, не принимать во
of vessel and/or expenses resulting			внимание протесты, не прибегать к помощи судебных
from the detention to be for			органов, причем это право осуществляется без ущерба
Charterers’ account even if such			для претензий в иных отношениях...
detention		and/or expenses, or the

cause by reason of which either is incurred be due to, or be contributed to by the negligence of Owners’ servants

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