- •2. Phonetics and its branches.
- •3. Phonetics and a speech sound. Human speech and its stages.
- •4. Language and speech.
- •5. The theoretical and practical aspects of Phonetics.
- •The notion of the phoneme. The phoneme and its main aspects.
- •Relationship between the phoneme and its allophones.
- •The main trends in phoneme theory.
- •1.The notion of the phoneme. The phoneme and its allophones.
- •2.Relationship between the phoneme and its allophones.
- •3. The main trends in phoneme theory.
- •1. The three parts of Phonology as corresponding to the three levels of Linguistic analysis.
- •2. The distributional method in phonology
- •3. The semantic method in phonology
- •Lecture 4.
- •2. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic approaches as the principle aspects of phonological system.
- •3. Synchronic, diachronic and socio-linguistic factors in phonological system.
- •The phonetic structure of a language.
- •1) Type of obstruction;
- •2) Place of obstruction and the active organ of speech;
- •3) Force of articulation.
- •4. The position of the soft palate.
- •1. The place of noise.
- •2. The manner of articulation.
- •2. Constrictive;
- •3. Occlusive-constrictive (affricates);
- •4. Rolled;
- •3. The place of articulation.
- •1. Labial;
- •2. Lingual;
- •3. Glottal;
- •3. Differences in the Articulation Bases of English and Russian Consonants and their Peculiarities
- •It is a reference point which is fixed and unchanged, established within the total range of vowel quality to which any other vowel sound can be directly related.
- •2. Classification of English vowels.
- •1. Classification of the vowels according to the position of the tongue.
- •2. Classification of English vowels according to the position of the lips.
- •3. Classification of English vowels according to length.
- •4. Classification of English vowels according to the degree of tenseness.
- •3. Stability of articulation. English diphthongs.
- •Articulatory Transitions
- •Peculiarities of the cc, cv, vc, VV Articulatory Transitions in English and in Russian
- •Unstressed Vocalism
- •Lecture 8 the principle types of english pronunciation. The teaching norm. Rp and ga
- •Diphthongs
- •Lecture 9.
- •2. Types of Syllables.
- •3. Syllable Formation and Syllable Division.
- •Scale of Sonority
- •4. Vocoids and contoids.
- •2. Types of word stress. Factors, kinds and degrees of word stress.
- •Qualitative type of stress is achieved through the changes in the quality of the vowel under stress.
- •Recessive tendency, 2. Rhythmic tendency, 3.Retentive tendency and 4. Semantic factor.
- •3.Rules of word stress. Stress in compounds.
- •Verb noun adjective
- •4. The functional aspect of word stress.
- •5. Strong and weak forms. Degrees of reduction.
- •6 Sentence stress.
- •2. The structural elements of prosody.
- •3. Intonation Patterns.
- •4. Fundamental Intonation Patterns and their Use.
- •2. Extralinguistic situation and its main constituents:
- •3. The problem of classification of phonetic styles.
- •2. Academic style.
- •Publicistic style.
- •4. Informational style.
- •5. Declamatory style.
- •Список вопросов к экзамену/зачету по теоретической фонетике.
- •Задания для самостоятельной работы
- •2. Declamatory style:
- •Plan of phonostylistic analysis.
Список вопросов к экзамену/зачету по теоретической фонетике.
1. The subject of phonology.
2. Language and speech.
3. The main parts of phonology as corresponding to the three levels of linguistic analysis.
4. The category of “semeological relevance” as the main category of the feature level.
5 . Phonemes and their positional variants. The category of opposition.
6. Distinctive features and definitions of phonemes on their basis.
7. Redundancy of speech and cues.
8. The method of minimal pairs.
9. The method of distinctive oppositions and its advantages.
10. Principle approaches and socio-linguistic factors in phonological system.
11. Syllable as a unit of speech chain segmentation.
12. Principles of classification of English vowels and consonants.
13. Stress. The rules of stress in English compound words and auxiliaries.
14. Prosody as a complex of prosodic elements. Pitch, tempo, intensity of loudness.
15. Rhythm. Two main types of speech rhythm.
16. The main English intonation pattern. Parts of the descending scale.
17. The Glide Down and its semantic functions.
18. The Glide Up and its semantic functions.
19. The Interrupted Glide Down and its semantic functions.
20. The High Dive and its semantic functions.
21. The High Rise and its semantic functions.
22. The High Fall and its semantic functions.
23. The English phonemic system.
24. The main trends in phoneme theory.
25. Phonetics and the main stages in its development.
26. Phonetics and its branches.
27. Phonetics and its connection with linguistic sciences.
28. The theoretical and practical aspects of Phonetics.
29. The system of English phonemes.
30. General principle of vowel and consonant formation.
31. Synchronic, diachronic and socio-linguistic factors in phonological system.
32. Accentual structure in English. Factors, kinds and degrees of word accent.
33. Phonostylistics and its development.
34. Extralinguistic situation and its main constituents.
35. The problem of classification of phonetic styles.
Задания для самостоятельной работы
СТУДЕНТОВ.
PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF A SENTENCE.
Step 1. Transcribe the sentence and show the end by putting down two
vertical lines at the end.
Step 2. Define the communicative and syntactical type of the sentence.
Step 3. Divide the sentence into sense-groups, if possible, and separate one sense group from another by a vertical line (or a wavy line, in case the pause between the sense-groups is very short).
Step 4. Define the nucleus of the sentence (of every sense-group) and put down the necessary tone-mark before it (before the stressed syllable of the word).
Step 5. See if there is a word to emphasize in the sentence (sense-group). If there is one put down the necessary mark before it to show the emphasis.
Step 6. Define all the other stressed words in the sentence and put down
stress marks before them.
Step 7. Intone the sentence graphically.
Step 8. Define all the phoneme clusters in the words and at their junctions, and mark different phonetic phenomena using the conventional symbols.
Step 9. Practise reading the sentence.
1. POETIC STYLE : Listen to one of the poems; mark stresses and tunes; analyze the poem according to the plan; learn the poem by heart, trying to imitate the tapescript.
Tapescripts 1 – 7;