IV. Тranslate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. During its existence Lviv lived through more than 30 wars and 40 fires.

2. And only in summer of 1991 the age-old aspirations of Ukrainian people for freedom and independence came finally true.

3. Each city like each human being has its own character, soul and destiny.

4. The ancient part of Lviv is a true historical and architectural museum with hundreds of historical monuments, dozens of architectural ensembles, individual buildings which bear traces of styles of different periods.

5. The museum is famous for its collection of the 14^th to 18^th centuries hall of ancient coins, icons and wood engravings.

6. There is a good deal of stone carvings and sculptures to be seen on the buildings; the remains of ancient castles and old churches in various styles.

V. Read and retell the text:

Lviv is a great industrial, cultural and scientific centre of Western Ukraine with a population over 800 000. The population is multinational but the greater part of it is Ukrainians. This 700-year old city has a rich and glorious history. Lviv was founded in 1256 by Ruthenian prince Danylo Halitsky who named the city in honour of his son Lev. During its existence Lviv lived through more than 30 wars and 40 fires.

In the 13^th century Lviv became a capital of Halician Principality. During its history Lviv as well as the whole Halicia formed part of different countries. Its inhabitants struggled against Tatar-Mongol hordes and against Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian and German invaders. And only in 1991 the age-old aspirations of Ukrainian people for freedom and independence came finally true.

Each city like each human being has its own character, soul and destiny. The soul of the city is the soul of its people, its creators: skilful craftsmen and painters, the builders and architects who built the houses, palaces and churches; painters, writers and poets who created the unique works of art and literature.

Lviv is one of the best cities of Europe. The ancient part of Lviv is a true historical and architectural museum with hundreds of historical monuments, dozens of architectural ensembles, individual buildings which bear traces of styles of different periods. In 1975 the central part of the city was turned into a historical and architectural preserve. Over 110 historical and architectural monuments of extreme artistic and town-building values were declared Government-protected.

Since 1998, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) lists Lviv’s historic center as part of “World Heritage.”

The UNESCO gave the following reasons for its selection: Criterion II: In its urban fabric and its architecture, Lviv is an outstanding example of the fusion of the architectural and artistic traditions of eastern Europe with those of Italy and Germany.

The political and commercial role of Lviv attracted to it a number of ethnic groups with different cultural and religious traditions.

Lviv’s historic churches, buildings and relics date back to the 13^th century.

Tourists of the city admire the architecture of dwelling houses in Rynok Square, the building of Opera House, such churches as: the Cathedral of St.George (18c. the Ukrainian Baroque), the church of Assumption, the church of the Dominicans, the Chapel of Three Saints, the Boimi and Campiana chapels, Latin and Armenian Cathedrals.

There is a good deal of stone carvings and sculptures to be seen on the buildings, the remains of ancient castles and old churches in various styles.

Lviv is rich in museums. In Lviv there are such museums as the Museum of History, the Museum of Natural History, an open air museum, the Museum of Religion, the Museum of Furniture; house-museums of O. Novakivsky, O. Kulchitska, I. Trush, I. Franko.

Speaking of art museums it would be worth mentioning the museum of National Art, the Art Picture Gallery, and the museum of Ethnography and Crafts.

The Museum of National Art has one of the richest and most complete collection of national art in Ukraine.

The museum of Ethnography and Crafts is extremely interesting for those who wish to learn about Ukrainian culture as well as local customs and traditions.

The Lviv Picture Gallery is one of the largest art museums in the country. It was founded in 1907 and today it has close to 20 000 works of art (paintings, sculptures and drawings).

Lviv is a city of students and scholars. There are twelve higher schools, a lot of specialized technical schools and scientific research institutes in Lviv.

Lviv is famous for its plants and factories which produce buses, TV sets, automatic cranes and agricultural machines. Lviv sweets are in great demand all over the world.

No wonder that Lvivvites are proud оf their beautiful ancient city.

VI. Supplementary vocabulary:

heritage population craft multinational existence craftsman principality invader to declare soul creator church Renaissance historical and architectural preserve fabric carving relic

спадщина, спадок населення ремесло багатонаціональний існування ремісник князівство загарбник проголошувати душа творець церква епоха Відродження іс­то­рич­но-ар­хі­тек­тур­ний за­по­від­ник будова, устрій різьблення реліквія