Конструкция "сложное дополнение с инфинитивом" употребляется после следующих глаголов:

know smb (smth) to do		see smb (smth)J^do smth
assume	— считать, полагать	ted	— чувствовать
believe	— считать, полагать	hear	— слышать
suppose	— полагать, предполагать	see	— видеть
consider	— считать, полагать	watch	— наблюдать
report	— сообщать	observe	— наблюдать
find	— находить, считать	make	— заставлять
expect	— ожидать
know	— знать
think	— думать, полагать
prove	— доказывать
take	— считать
desire	— хотеть
wish	— хотеть, желать
want	— хотеть
require	— требовать
should (would) like	— хотел бы
cause	— заставлять, вызывать, приводить к

Ex. 9 Read the sentences and find the Complex Object Construction with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. We know Popov to have invented radio.

1. The newspapers reported new deposits of gas to have been discovered in West Siberia.

2. Even schoolchildren know electronic equipment to be very complex.

3. Newspapers reported British oil firms to be developing rich deposits of oil in the North Sea.

4. Let us take the distance to be equal 10 km.

5. We know the Earth to turn around the Sun.

6. Many years ago scientists believed the electric current to be a stream of tiny electric particles.

7. The majority of scientists considers oil to be of organic origin-

8. The engineer wants the new device to be tested as soon as possible.

9. The workers required the conditions of their work to be improved

10. We'd like the Government to pay much attention to the protection of the environment.

11. The laboratory assistant watched us make the experiment.

12. The drillers saw the well begin flowing.

13. The engineers saw the turbine begin rotating.

15. Everybody expected the international exhibition "Oil & Gas" to attract many visitors.

Конструкция "Сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом" (The Complex Subject with the Infinitive)

I	Iron is known to be extracted from iron ore. Известно, что железо получают из железной руды. Железо, как известно, получают из железной руды.
П	Copper seems to be one of the first metals used bv man. Кажется, (что) медь - один из первых металлов, применяемых человеком. Медь, кажется, - один из первых металлов, применяемых человеком.
HI	Laser is likclv to find a wider application in future. Вероятно, (что) лазер найдет более широкое применение в будущем. Лазер, вероятно, найдет более широкое применение в будущем.

Глаголы-сказуемые в предложениях с конструкцией "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом"

I. Глаголы-сказуемые, употребляемые в конструкции только в страдательном залоге.

assume	— считать, полагать
believe	— считать, полагать
consider	— считать, полагать
suppose	— считать, полагать, предполагать
think	— сдумать, полагать
expect	— ожидать
find	— обнаруживать, находить, считать
hear	— слышать
know	— знать
report	— сообщать
say	— говорить
see	— видеть

П. Глаголы-сказуемые, употребляемые в конструкции только в действительном залоге,

appear — по-видимому, казаться

seem — по-видимому, казаться

prove — оказываться

turnout — оказываться

happen — случиться, случайно оказаться

chance — случиться, случайно оказаться

Ш. be likely be unlikely be sure be certain

• вероятно

• вряд ли, маловероятно

• несомненно, наверняка, конечно

• несомненно, наверняка, конечно

E x. 11 Read the sentences and find the Complex Subject Construction with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. Basins of this region may be expected to experience increasing exploration and development drilling in coming years.

2. Energy is certain to fuel Russia's and the world's economic growth.

3. Russia's role as an energy supplier and transporter appears to be growing.

4. Currently, Russian natural gas supplies turn out to make up 30% of Europe's annual gas consumption.

5. Economic growth is unlikely to be reached without oil production increase.

6. The agreement doesn't seem to have been signed.

7. Pipelines are considered to be the most economic means of oil and gas transportation.

8. The first well is believed to have been drilled in China about 1100 A.D.

9. These two wells may appear to cross the same formations.

10. The pipeline under construction is likely to bring gas to serve the densely populated areas.

11. Natural gas and coal are said to be the most important fuels after oil.

12. European oil demand is not supposed to decrease these two years.

Ex. 12 Read the sentences and find the constructions:

1. Complex Object

2. Complex Subject. Translate the sentences.

1. A refinery is considered to conduct regular air and water monitoring.

2. Oil specialists consider a refinery to conduct regular air and water monitoring.

3. Consumers worldwide expect the industry to provide them with inexpensive fuel for transportation, heat, and electricity.

4. The industry is expected to provide consumers worldwide with inexpensive fuel for transportation, heat, and electricity.

5. The test proved oil to be of high quality.

6. The two wells proved to be producing oil of high quality.

7. The majority of countries proves to be the consumers of oil, not the producers.

8. The experiments proved the pressure of gas to depend on its concentration.

9. The consumption of oil products appears to grow from year to year.

10. Oil appears at the surface as a black viscous liquid.

Ex. 13 Read the text and comment on different colours of oil. Use the following introductory phrases.

it's common knowledge; generally speaking; to begin with; on the one hand... on the other hand; as mentioned above, etc.

The Colour of Oil

It's common knowledge that people in and outside oil industry used to call oil "black gold". It's true and it's not difficult to prove it.

Energy is a big business, and oil is a major part of that business. To be more exact, oil accounts for 40 per cent of all the world's energy. The world lives on oil. Oil is fundamental for the stability of the industrialized world. Oil is known to be the foundation for the plastics and petrochemical industries. It is a major component of the farming industry as well. Practically speaking, oil industry is the major sector of economy. It affects all shades of life and industry.

Michael J. Economides from the University of Houston, Doctor Honoris Causa (почетный профессор) of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas thinks oil to be of various colours. And in his opinion the colour of oil depends on many factors.

"Oil is black because it is a mixture of so many compounds with so much variation in physical properties that all light is absorbed".

"The colour of oil is green, and even if money throughout the world has all the colours of the rainbow, it is the dollar colour (greenback) both literally and figuratively that has defined the value of

oil".

"Red is the colour of oil — as red as the blood of the millions who died in two great world wars and many other conflicts of the 20th century".

Ex. 14 Prove the saying that «oil is black gold».

Words to the text «01L BUSINESS»

1. upstream n

2. midstream п

поисково-разведочные и нефтепромысловые работы (первичные отрасли нефт. хозяйства) транспортировка, хранение углелеводородов

и переработка газа (вторичные отрасли нефт. хозяйства)

3. downstream n

4. explore v

exploration n syn. prospecting

5. store v

storage n

6. process v

processing n

7. origin n originate v

8. bury v

9. layer n

syn. stratum (pi bed

10. mud л

11. rock л

source rock reservoir rock

переработка нефти, маркетинг и реализация разведывать

Geologists explore the Arctic regions, разведка (геол.), исследование the exploration of the ocean depths хранить

It's easy to store any information in a computer. 1) хранилище, 2) хранение

1. Vegetables are kept in a cold storage.

2. Refrigerators are used for the storage of food. 1) обрабатывать 2) перерабатывать

1. The data were processed by the computer.

2. Certain raw materials are processed with chemicals before they can be used.

1) обработка 2) переработка

1. data processing

1. There are several methods of gas processing, происхождение

The word "geology" is of Latin origin, происходить, возникать

When did this tradition originate?

1) захоронить, 2) погружать, закапывать

1) Isaac Newton, the outstanding British scientist, is buried in Westminster Abbey in London.

слой, пласт

strata)

the bottom layer the ozone layer

The formation is composed of a number of sand layers. 1) ил, 2) буровой раствор

1. Mud settles on the river bottom.

1. The drilling mud is used to clean the well, порода

Rocks consist of minerals, материнская порода порода-коллектор

cap rock

sedimentary rock

12. oil hunter л

13. oil (gas) pool л syn. oil accumulation

oil deposit

14. fulfil v

15. permeable a permeability л

16. pore л porosity л porous a

17. trap л trap v

18. entrapment л

19. extract v syn. produce

recover

20. survey л

21. tool л

перекрывающая порода (покрышка) осадочная порода разведчик недр, поисковик

Geologists looking for oil are often called oil hunters, залежь нефти (газа), месторождение

выполнять, осуществлять

John works as an administrator at the University and fulfills

his duties well, проницаемый

These rocks are permeable to water, проницаемость, фильтрация (геол.)

Permeability is a characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks, nypa

Pores are tiny openings through which fluids may pass, пористость

Rock porosity is a physical characteristic of a formation, пористый

Oil accumulates in porous rocks, ловушка

The door closed behind them and they were caught in a trap, захватывать

In solar batteries there are special glass panels trapping

heat from the Sun. захват, улавливание, задержка

entrapment of nuclear particles (water, air, dust, etc.) извлекать, добывать

The company has the right to extract hydrocarbons

on the North Caspian shelf, разведка, исследование, зд. съемка

The aerial survey of the region was made from an aircraft, инструмент, метод

power tools - автоматические инструменты

A word processor is an important tool for a journalist.

22. favourable а

23. well я wildcat n exploratory well discovery well dry hole appraisal well development well

24. subsequent а

25. logging л

26. once conj

27. site n site v

28. rig/?

29. derrick л

30. technique/]

31. sophisticated а

32. recovery n syn. extraction

production

recover v

33. flow л

благоприятный, подходящий

She got a favourable report on her work, скважина

разведочная поисковая скважина разведочная поисковая скважина скважина, открывшая новое месторождение непродуктивная скважина оценочная скважина эксплуатационная скважина последующий

subsequent events каротаж (ГИС)

The logging data are reliable, зд.когда

Once he arrives we can start. площадка, местоположение

The company is looking for a site for its new office, располагать, размещать

The new sports center is to be sited in our district, буровая установка - see Fig. 2 буровая вышка

There exist two types of derricks: movable and stationary, метод, методика, технология

Nowadays there are new techniques for teaching languages, сложный

Geophysical surveys are based on very sophisticated mathematical techniques, добыча

The current oil recovery reaches 34,000 b/d. _ 1) добывать, 2) восстанавливать

1. to recover oil from a well

2. Thanks to the new method of processing the metal recovered its original properties.

течение, поток

The equipment should control the water flow.

natural flow flow v