- •Changing patterns of leisure
- •Vocabulary
- •How would you define a traveller? Are you a traveller?
- •Match the types of traveller in 1 to the descriptions below.
- •Commonly confused words
- •Which probably takes longest?
- •Which of the people below are travellers, and which are tourists?
- •Look at the words below. They are all connected with ways of travelling. Match them to the different ways of travelling listed below.
- •7) Match the words to form compound nouns. Use the nouns to make sentences of your own about different aspects of holidays.
- •8) Types of holidays
- •9) General description of tourist destinations.
- •A Stay in Paradise
- •Tangier
- •10) Travel words.
- •11) Reading
- •Travel – Who needs it?
- •Describe an interesting journey that you have made in detail.
- •Travel Dictionary Quiz.
- •Purposes
- •History
- •Camping Areas
- •Camping Gear
- •Safety and Conservation
- •Vocabulary
- •Discussion
- •High aims
- •1. Discussion
- •2. Vocabulary
- •3. Translation
- •Role-play.
- •Vocabulary
- •6. Discussion
- •8. Pair-work
- •Aware of what you wear
- •1. Vocabulary
- •2. Discussion
- •Translation
- •4. Video “Business Traveller”
- •Lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Discussion
- •Comprehension
- •Role-play. Pink dolphins
- •Lead-in - Can you think of any natural unspoilt beauty spots in the country?
- •Read the article.
- •Role-play “Developing tourism at Lake Tarapoto”
- •Independent advisor to the government
- •1. Nightmare journeys
- •4. Idioms in use
- •Discussion
- •Listening exercises
- •Man and the movies
- •Vocabulary
- •Match the types of films with the phrases that are most likely to describe
- •Use the words below to answer the questions.
- •What do you call the songs and background music to a film?
- •What is the difference between the following?
- •4) When making a movie, in which order do you do the things in the list?
- •6) Which of the following words in italics would you use speaking about success / failure?
- •8) Films Dictionary Quiz
- •9) Which of the following short review(s) would you call a ‘rave’ review?
- •The Stages of Film Production
- •The Film Business
- •Vocabulary
- •Discussion
- •3. Video “Blood on the Land: Forging King Arthur”
- •Frequently asked questions
- •1) Who decides the ratings for movies?
- •2) What happens if a filmmaker doesn’t agree with your rating?
- •3) How do you determine what puts a movie in one rating category over another?
- •4) How do I know specifically what kind of material is in a movie?
- •5) Who decides what I see in a trailer?
- •6) Why does it seem that when I see movies from 10 or 20 years ago some material that was o.K. Then is given a higher rating today and, on the other hand, other material is not rated as strongly?
- •7) Is cartoon violence assessed differently than realistic violence?
- •8) Why do I see children in the theater for movies that are Rated r?
- •1. Lead-in
- •Steven Spielberg Ang Lee
- •2. Exercises and Tasks
- •4. Video: friends. Episode: The One With Joey’s Award.
- •How Well Do You Know Your Friends?
- •1. Comprehension
- •2. Forty-five seconds. One billion viewers. Your moment of glory. Most people blow it. At its best, the Oscar acceptance speech is its own kind of art form.
- •Acceptance Speech for ______________
- •3. Follow-up
- •1. Lead-in
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Discussion
- •Text 5. Connery’s unbreakable bond Quiz: How Well Do You Know Sean Connery?
- •1. Vocabulary
- •Discussion
- •1. Lead-in
- •Role-play.
- •Why do genres change over time?
- •Changes in Target Audience
- •Changes in Audience Expectations
- •Changes in Society, Ideologies, Values and Representations
- •Censorship and Codes of Conduct
- •Influence of particular texts, stars, authors and directors
- •Media Institutions e.G. The Film Industry
- •Changes in Technology
- •4. Quiz: Would you survive a teen slasher movie?
- •If you could choose your ideal summer holiday, what would it be?
- •1. Blockbuster
- •2. Film review 1.
- •3. Film Review 2. Video “Autumn Sonata” (an Ingmar Bergman film)
- •Read an extract from an interview with Liv Ullmann and answer the questions suggested. Liv Ullmann acting with Ingrid Bergman
Changes in Society, Ideologies, Values and Representations
The effect that the media has on audiences is always a subject for debate. Is it that audiences’ tastes and values influence the media or vice versa? Wherever you stand in this argument, it is clear that contemporary audiences are harder to shock and more accustomed to representations of graphic violence, sexual images and 'bad' language as well as more spectacular special effects than ever before.
The changing position of women, governments, levels of employment, economic climates, national and international conflicts, disease, transport systems, immigration and emigration, attitudes to sex, violence and the family and aesthetic movements are just some of the issues that will influence representations and trends in the media.
Censorship and Codes of Conduct
If you look at the code of ethics applied to films in 1960 which banned explicit nudity, swearing (including ‘Damn’, ‘God’ and ‘Hell’), and excessive and lustful kissing you can see how far what is considered acceptable, or tasteful, by both audiences and the film industry has moved on. Modern audiences are used to much more graphic sex and violence and the boundaries of what is considered to be 'tasteful' in film are stretched more and more each year.
Influence of particular texts, stars, authors and directors
Genres can be heavily influenced and suddenly rekindle their popularity or change direction because of the impact of individual texts which come to be seen as genre defining. Genre defining moments are fairly rare in the media and may only become apparent long after a text is produced when we can properly see its influence. Although films which are successful at their release will be imitated in media owners’ attempts to cash in on what made them popular, the most influential or critically acclaimed films are not always those that are the most popular.
As well as the influence of particular texts it is also important to recognize the impact of particular directors, authors and stars. For example, the influence of Hitchcock, often described as a master of suspense, continues to be seen in contemporary thrillers not least those which are remakes of his work such as A Perfect Murder or Gus Van Sant’s “karaoke” Psycho. Some films are made as vehicles to showcase a particular star and exploit his or her popularity (this was particularly evident in the number of action films starring Schwarzenegger or Stallone) while the names of particular authors will guarantee funding for their books, and often the films of their books. Many films are based on the thrillers of John Grisham, for example, and, more recently, J. К Rowling has earned millions for herself and the publishing and film industries through her Harry Potter books.
Media Institutions e.G. The Film Industry
Media texts do not just appear - the consumption of a text is the final stage of a process beginning with the decision of powerful media owners to fund a text, usually based primarily on the profit they anticipate it will make, and followed by the production, editing and marketing of the text, all rigorous, costly and lengthy processes involving the business and creative decisions of what could amount to hundreds of people. Over time, particular studios or publishers become associated with particular genres and they will influence the style or themes of the texts they produce.