5.2 All, everybody, everything

We do not normally use all alone, without a noun, to mean everybody or everyone.

I have invited all the students in my class to the party.

I have invited everyone in my class to the party.

We do not often use all to mean everything.

Everything is so expensive these days. Have you got everything?

But we can use all to mean everything in the structure all (that) + relative clause.

Have you got all (that) you need? He's forgotten all (that) I told him.

We also use all in the expression all about. Tell me all about yourself.

We can also use all to mean 'the only thing(s)' or 'nothing more'.

I'm not hungry. All I want is a cup of tea.

5.3 All and whole

Whole means 'complete' or ‘every part of’. We normally use whole with singular countable nouns.

I didn't see the whole film. I missed the first part.

I spent my whole salary on clothes last month.

We always use the, my, this before whole + noun the whole film, my whole salary

We can also use the, my, this with all, but the word order is different.

all the film the whole film all my salary my whole salary

We can also use a whole before a (singular) noun. Mike ate a whole chicken himself.

6. Each and every

They are similar in meaning. Often it is possible to use each or every.

Each time = every time

6.1 We use Each when we think of things separately (each = X+X+X+X), one by one…. Each -- for small numbers:

Each book was a different color (of 4 books).

In a football match, each team has 11 players (of the two teams).

6.2 We can use each alone or with a noun (each student, each book).

None of the rooms was the same. Each was different; Each room; Each one was….

6.3 Each of (the…/these…) (us, you)

Read each of these sentences carefully

Each of the books on the table was a different colour.

Each of them (us, you) is a different colour.

6.4 Each mid position: the students were each given a book

end position: the oranges cost 25 pence each

6.5 We use Every when we think of things as a group. The meaning is similar to all

Every sentence must have a verb. She has read every book in the library.

6.6 We use Every to say how often something happens:

-How often do you go shopping? ‘Every day’ There is a bus every ten minutes.

6.7 We use Every with a noun – every student, every book; Every one of with one Have you read all these books? I've read every one of them.

Everyone – only for people: Everyone enjoyed the party

Every one – for things or people: He is invited to lots of parties and he goes to every one.

7. All day, every day

We use all with some singular countable nouns: day. morning, week, year to mean 'the whole of’; we use every with day, morning, etc to say how often something happens. The whole is stronger than all in this use.

I work hard all day. ( = the whole day) I work hard every day. ( = Mon, Tues, Wen)

We've been waiting the whole morning/all morning.

8. Some of/ most of/ none of….None of/ half of….

+ the, this, that, those, my, his, Ann’s, Peter’s….

Some of the people, some of those people; Most of me friends, most of Ann’s friends; None of this money, none of their money; All my books, half this money is mine

All of/ some of/ none of/ …. + it/ us/ you/ them

‘Do any of you want to come…..?’ All of us… Half of them….

‘Do you like this music?’ ‘Some of it. Not all of it.’