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9. Both, Either, Neither

9.1 We can use both (= 'the two together' or 'one and the other') before a plural countable noun.

Both films were very good. I spoke to both girls.

9.2 We use both of before the, your, these, etc + plural noun; in this case, we often leave out of.

Both (of) the films were very good. Do both (of) your parents like dancing?

9.3 We also use both of before the plural object pronouns you, us, them; in this case, we cannot leave out of.

She invited both of us to the party.

9.4 We can use both after an object pronoun. She invited us both to the party.

10. Either and neither

10.1 We can use either (= 'one or the other') and

neither (= 'not one and not the other') before a singular countable noun.

We could meet on Saturday or Sunday. Either day is fine with me.

There are two roads in this town. Neither road goes to the station.

10.2 We use either of and neither o/before your, these, the

+ a plural countable noun.

Can either of your parents speak French?

Neither of these roads goes to the station.

10.3 We also use either of and neither of before the plural object

pronouns you, us, them.

Can either of you type? Neither of us went to the party.

10.4 After neither of we can use a singular or a plural verb.

Neither of these roads goes/go to the station.

Neither of us is fare hungry.

A singular verb is more common in a formal style.

11.Numerals:

Make sure you know a few rules, for example:

My mom met Queen Elizabeth the Second.

It happened during the reign of Henry the Forth.

During the times of Luis XIV, France was one of the most powerful countries.

They look very much alike; they are twin sisters (twins).

Her wages come to two million dollars.(=2 000 000$)

It wasn’t really cold, zero degrees Celsius.

Our flight is at 10.45 p.m. (a quarter to eleven in the evening).

His baby sister is sixteen months old.

She promised to give 50 per sent of the sum to charity institutions.

After a two – day sale our proceeds are approximately 1 ooo$ (= 1million dollars).

John’s last letter is dated by May the seventeen.

He was born in 1888. (=eighteen eighty eight) or in 1800 (=eighteen hundred)

500$ is required as a down payment.

2 miles is a long way on foot.

Vocabulary Mass media. Television.

  1. Study the important vocabulary:

1.1 Radio and television

Types of TV programmes: documentaries, news, broadcasts, current affairs programmes, soap operas, quizzes, sitcoms, drama, chat shows, detective stories, sports programmes, weather forecasts, music programmes, game shows, variety shows, commercials, remote control, a video tape/cassette, on/off button, TV aerial, satellite dish, camcorder, headset / headphones, TV set

A serial is a story that continues from one programme or episode to the next. A series is about the same characters or has the same format each week but each programme is complete in itself.

1.2 Newspapers and publishing

Parts of the newspaper: headlines, news reports, the editorial feature articles (about fashion or social trends), horoscope, cartoons, crossword, small ads, business, news, sports, reports, scandal, the letters page

A popular or tabloid newspaper focuses more on sensation than real news whereas a quality newspaper professes to be more interested in real news than in sensation.

A tabloid usually has a smaller format than a quality paper, it has larger headlines and shorter stories and, in Britain, it prefers stories about film stars, violent crimes and the royal family.

A journal is the name usually given to an academic magazine.

A colour supplement is a magazine which comes out once a week (often on Sundays) as an addition to a newspaper.

A comic is a magazine, usually for children or teenagers, with lots of picture stories and/or cartoons.

1.3 Make sure you know the verbs: to broadcast throughout the world, to receive / pick up broadcast from Moscow on the radio, to show a good film on TV, to be published by.., to be printed in…, to be shot / made on location in Spain (film), to cut / censored the film, to be edited (article, programme).

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