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1.4. English tenses passive

The Passive is used when the person responsible for an action is not known or is not important.

Only the verbs which take an object can go into Passive. Intransitive verbs (непереходные глаголы) can’t be used in the Passive Voice. They are:

  • to fly, to arrive

  • to be, to become

  • to have, to lack, to possess, to consist, to belong

  • to hold, to suit, to resemble, to fit

  • to appear, to seem, to come, to go, to last

e.g. They have a nice house. My shoes don’t fit me. Sylvia resembles a Greek goddess.

The Passive Voice

to be (is/ was/ have been, etc.) + past participle (done/ cleaned/ seen, etc.)

Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

Present

are (am, is) examined

The students are examined twice a year.

is (am, are) being examined

The student is being examined. Don’t enter the room.

have (has) been examined

The students have just been examined.

Past

was (were) published

The paper was published yesterday.

was (were) being published

The paper was being published at that time yesterday.

had been published

The paper had been published by 7 o’clock yesterday.

Future

will (shall) be sent

The letter will be sent tomorrow.

-------

will (shall) have been sent

The letter will have been sent tomorrow by 7 o’clock.

1. Complete these sentences with the following verbs. Use the Passive Voice. Arrest wake knock check translate

find drive make spend hear carry

Model: The music at the party was very loud and could be heard from far away.

  1. A decision will not ... until the next meeting.

  2. That building is dangerous. It ought to ... down before it falls down.

  3. When you go through customs, your luggage may ... by a customs officer.

  4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ... up at 6.30.

  5. Her new book will probably ... into a number of foreign languages.

  6. If you kicked a policeman, you'd ... .

  7. Police are looking for the missing boy. He can't ... anywhere.

  8. Do you think that less money should ... on arms?

  9. The injured man couldn't walk and had to ... .

  10. I don't mind driving but I prefer to ... by other people.

2. Complete these sentences with the following verbs. Use the Passive Voice.

must should shouldn't might would

Model: Did anyone clean the windows?

No. They should have been cleaned but they weren't.

1. A: Did anyone invite Ann to the party?

B: I don't know. She ______ - I'm not sure.

2. A: Did anyone see you?

B: No, but I ______ if it hadn't been so dark.

3. A: Has someone repaired this machine?

B: Well, it's working again so it ______.

4. A: Did someone throw those old letters away?

B: Yes, but it was a mistake. They ______.

3. Read a sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning. Model: We can solve the problem. The problem can be solved.

  1. People should send their complaints to the head office.

Complaints ____________.

  1. They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.

The meeting ____________.

  1. Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it.

Your car ____________.

  1. An electrical fault could have caused the fire.

The fire ____________.

  1. They are going to hold next year's congress in San Francisco.

Next year's congress ____________.

  1. They shouldn't have played the football match in such bad weather.

The football match ____________.

4. Read a sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning. Model: Somebody stole my bag in the shop. My bag was stolen in the shop.

The police have arrested three men. Three men have been arrested by the police.

  1. The bill includes service. Service __________ in the bill.

  2. People don't use this road very often. This road __________.

  3. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All flights __________.

  4. Somebody accused me of stealing the money. I __________.

  5. They are building a new ring-road round the city.

A new ring-road __________.

6. I didn't realise that someone was recording our conversation. I didn't realise that our conversation __________.

  1. They have changed the date of the meeting. The date of the meeting __________.

  2. Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street.

Brian told me that he __________.