II. Reading Comprehension

1. Read and translate the following text. Consult a dictionary if necessary. Regulation, research and development in tourism

The roles of government are very important for tourism. They set the policy of their country towards tourism. To regulate the different components of the tourist industry is one of their tasks.

Travel is made easier when there are no visa requirements and when the entry formalities are simple. Visa is a travel document that gives permission for a foreigner to enter, or in some cases to leave another country. It is important for tourist promotion to relax the kind of regulation that is usually called "red tape".

National policy can also discourage tourism. Any country cannot provide accommodations and catering services or is able to restrict the length of time a traveler can stay in that country. To restrict entry some countries have set visa and entrance requirements.

Governments are also involved in day-to-day regulation of tourism including various kinds of licensing.

A license to be taken is a document giving permission to carry on a particular kind of activity after paying a fee.

Governments perform the research and analysis that result in statistics on the tourist industry. Research generally means collecting data that can be put into statistical form and the analysis means interpreting trends from the statistical figures. Research involves travel statistics, tourist expenditures, the purpose of the trip or the tourist's reactions to his holiday. Deeper research makes it possible to find out why tourists visited a particular resort and what their reactions were. The main aim of another kind of research is to determine the social impact of tourism on an area. It is necessary for governments to be engaged in promoting a flow of tourism. In many countries, tourism is so important that its interests are represented at the ministerial level of government. To promote tourism counties or regions, relax some regulations. The location and density of new developments to be regulated affects spreading the economic benefits more widely.

Where government investment in tourism is not direct, there must be an indirect investment in the form of building or improving the infrastructure. The infrastructure consists of those things that are necessary before development can take place – roads, electricity, telephone service, airports, and water supply. The facilities to be based on the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

Before a government undertakes tourist development, it usually attempts to determine the market potential – the number or percentage of travelers it can hope to attract. This is followed by studies of the social impact and very often of the environmental impact.

The research is followed by the actual planning and development that include improvement of the infrastructure, financial arrangements, and construction of the superstructure. The tendency at the present time is in favor of careful research and planning instead of unrestricted growth and expansion.

Answer the following questions:

1. Why are the roles of government important for tourism?

2. In what ways can travel be made easier?

3. How can national policy discourage tourism?

4. What is a license?

5. What does research in tourism mean?

6. What does research involve?

7. What does the analysis of tourism mean?

8. What is the purpose of deeper research?

9. What is another kind of research aimed at?

10. How can tourism be promoted?

11. What does the infrastructure consist of?

12. What is the superstructure?

13. What is the market potential?

14. What is the tendency in tourist development at the present time?

III. Comprehension and Word Study

1. Translate into Russian.

to discourage tourism, to result in statistics on something, to put into statistical form, visa requirements, a particular kind of activity, to be involved in day-to-day regulation, financial arrangements.

2. Translate into English.

предоставлять жилье, лицензирование, плотность новых разработок, косвенное инвестирование, в некоторых случаях, туристические расходы, цель путешествия, ослаблять ограничения.

3. Write three sentences with three or four phrases from the previous exercises (use passive voice); put five types of questions to one of your sentences.

4. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. The facilities to be based … the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

2. The tendency … the present time is in favor … careful research and planning instead of unrestricted growth and expansion.

3. A license to be taken is a document giving permission … carry … a particular kind of activity after paying a fee.

4. Visa is a travel document that gives permission … a foreigner … enter, or in some cases to leave another country.

5. The infrastructure consists … those things that are necessary before development can take place – roads, electricity, telephone service, airports, and water supply.