Практические цели: Обобщение и закрепление лексического материала по теме “Health”, закрепление навыков устной речи и изложения текста, ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом.

What do you know about disease?

Just what is disease? Disease is a change from the condition of good health. In disease, the normal structure or function of the body is harmed or weakened. Disease is often called sickness or illness. A disease may last a brief time or a long time. It may be mild or severe. Some disease such as the common cold may go away after a few days without any treatment. Other diseases require medical treatment to cure them. Still other diseases may require a lifetime of medical supervision to manage them. Favorable standards of living help to promote health. Also the body itself has defenses against disease. But now and then the defenses give way and illness occurs. Disease germs may break through the defenses. Parts of the body may begin to function poorly. Tissues in the body may grow in uncontrolled ways. Something may go wrong with certain chemical reactions in the body.

Symptoms of illness.

How do people they are ill? Often they have symptoms such as pain, nausea, sore throat, lack of appetite, fatigue, or fever. However, a disease may be present without a person knowing it. Sometimes a disease is discovered during a routine health examination.

Illnesses, that can be passed along by an infected person to a well person either directly or indirectly are called infections or communicable diseases.

In early 1900s infectious diseases were still a serious public health problem. Today as a result of improved hygiene and living conditions, new drugs, new kind of medical treatment, and the widespread use of vaccines, the picture has changed. Many diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, scarlet fever, small pox, and diphtheria have been almost wiped out. However, some of these diseases – and – others – pose problems in certain areas of the world.

The cold is the most common communicable disease. So far, scientists have identified more than 100 different viruses capable of causing cold symptoms. For this reason, no vaccine exists to immunize against cold.

Some diseases are not caused by disease-producing microorganisms. These diseases cannot be passed from person to person. No immunity can be produced for these diseases. They are called no communicable. Among them are most diseases of the heart, allergy and a lot of others.

Topical vocabulary.

1. Disease болезнь

2. condition of good health здоровое состояние

3. normal structure нормальная структура

4. to be harmed поврежденный

5. to be weakened ослабленный

6. sickness болезнь

7. illness болезнь

8. treatment лечение

9. to cure лечить

10. medical supervision медицинское наблюдение

11. disease germs микробы

12. tissues ткани

13. nausea тошнота

14. lack of appetite отсутствие аппетита

15. fatigue усталость

16. fever лихорадка

17. infected person зараженный человек

18. hygiene гигиена

19. vaccines вакцины

20. immunity иммунитет

Ex. 1. Answer the questions.

1. How do disease vary according to the difficulty in getting over them?

2. What helps to promote health?

3. When does illness occur?

4. How is illness discovered?

5. What are the infectious diseases?

6. Is there any vaccine against the cold?

7. What are non communicable diseases?

8. why can no immunity be produced for these diseases?

Ex. 2. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases.

Нормальная функция, структура нарушена, продолжаться короткое время, тяжелая болезнь, пройти (о болезни), медикаментозное лечение, вылечить, условия жизни, уровень жизни, защита от болезни, защита ослабевает, плохо функционировать, нарушиться, тошнота, усталость, отсутствие аппетита, обычный медицинский осмотр, инфекционное заболевание, передаваться от больному здоровому, проблема общественного здоровья, самая распространенная болезнь, создать иммунитет.

Ex. 3. Repeat what the text said about diseases.

Ex. 4. Translate the dialogues into English.

1.

- Ты выглядишь совсем плохо. Что с тобой?

- По правде говоря, я неважно себя чувствую. Пожалуй, придется идти в поликлинику.

- Конечно, иди немедленно.

2.- Как чувствует себя Миша?

- К сожалению, хуже. Он очень болен. Прошлой ночью у него был жар. Температура выше 39 градусов. Он был так слаб, что не мог даже говорить со мной. Уже три дня, как он в таком состоянии.

Grammar: The Past Continuous Tense.

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
I was reading	I was not reading	Was I reading?
We were reading	We were not reading	Were we reading?

• The Past Continuous denotes a temporary action taking place at a given moment in the past:

at 5 o’ clock yesterday.

I was writing a letter to my friend from 5 to 6 on Sunday.

When Mum came.

• We often use the Past Continuous and the Past Indefinite (Simple) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else:

I saw Irene in the park. She was sitting on the bench and waiting for somebody.

Ex.5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous Tense and translate them.

1. The children were frightened because it (get) dark. 2. It was a fine day and the roads were crowded because a lot of people (rush) to the seaside. 3. He usually wears sandals but when I last saw him he (wear) boots. 4. Ton ate nothing for lunch because he (diet). 5. Who you (talk) to on the phone as I came in? 6. I went into the garden to see what the boys (do). 7. He was a little mad. He always (try) to prove that the earth was flat. 8. Just as I (wonder) what to do next, the phone rang.

Ex.6. Translate into English.

Я посидел на скамейке, а потом начал читать книгу. 2. Он увидел Лену, которая рисовала странную картину.3. Мы как раз говорили о нем, когда он пришел. 4. Вчера в шесть часов она накрывала на стол. 5. Что ты играл, когда я вошла? 6. Вода в чайнике кипела, когда мои друзья вернулись в лагерь. 7. Старший брат решал кроссворд, мама вязала, остальные читали. 8. Когда она проснулась, в саду весело пели птицы.

Ex 7. Translate the joke paying special attention to the italicized words.

Озорник.

Однажды пожилой джентльмен прогуливался по улицам. Он увидел маленького мальчика у двери одного из домов. Мальчик стоял у двери и пытался дотянуться (reach) до звонка (door-bell), который находился слишком высоко для него. Пожилой джентльмен был добрым человеком, поэтому он остановился, чтобы помочь мальчику. «Я позвоню в звонок за тебя,» - сказал он и дернул (pull) за звонок. Маленький мальчик посмотрел на него и сказал, смеясь: «А теперь нам надо убегать.»

Пожилой джентльмен не понял, что происходит. Мальчик исчез (disappear) за углом, а старику пришлось объяснять (explain to) рассерженному хозяину (owner of the house), почему он звонил в звонок.

UNIT 11.

PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS.

Text: Examination.

Grammar: The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

Практические цели: Ознакомление с лексическим материалом по теме “ Physical Diagnosis”. Ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом, развитие навыков изучающего чтения и перевода на основе текста “Examination”, развитие умений и навыков аудирования, просмотрового чтения.

Examination.

The afternoons were devoted to a new course, physical diagnosis, in which the students practiced the technique of examination on one another. Dan and Noble again were partners. They spent a whole week learning how to use a stethoscope.

"Take a deep breath. Now hold it. Now cough." After the cough Dan heard something odd in the right lung. He put the stethoscope down. "I think you've got rales in the right lung".

"What do you think it means?" ''Maybe a cold."

Noble looked around. Then he said quietly, "My mother and father both died of tuberculosis".

"Have you been swimming lately? Maybe you got some water in your lungs"

''I've lost eleven pounds."

"Maybe you ought to get an X-ray."

"Be quiet," Noble whispered fiercely. "If they find out about this I'll be put in a sanatorium. I won't get out for a couple of years, and I won't finish the medical school then. I'll be out of money."

"Are you sweating at night?"

"Sometimes 1 sweat. Don't you?

"Not much. You ever run a fever?"

Noble felt his own forehead. "I don't know," he said.

"Get a thermometer. Take your temperature whenever you get a chance, particularly in the late afternoon."

Noble looked at him. "Don't tell anybody about this," he said.

"You ought to see a doctor. The school doesn't have to know anything about this."

"It's a reportable disease." - Dan had forgotten. All cases of tuberculosis had to be reported.

In the evening Dan took Noble to the laboratory after everybody had left. They looked at Noble's sputum^ under the microscope.

"They look like ТВ germs^' to me". Noble said. "I ran a fever and sweated a lot last night. I lost three more pounds. 1 can't eat at all now.

"You ought to go to a doctor. You have to get an X-ray." "I'm not going to a doctor. Don't give me away." So Dan managed to get Noble into X-ray unnoticed. He took his chest' X-ray and developed the film. When Noble looked at the picture he-was! sure it was tuberculosis. Dan was not sure. He showed the picture to Dr.

Rosenthal, who said that the picture was badly overexposed and he couldn't tell a thing.

That night Noble didn't go home. His sister had a little baby and he' was afraid that he was contagious. He slept at Dan's. All through the night, Dan heard him moving restlessly and coughing. In the morning Dan drove. directly to the hospital and took Noble to Dr. Rosenthal. The doctor took, out his stethoscope. After a while he asked Dan where he had heard those, rales. Dan showed him. The doctor handed him the scope. "Find them for me." Dan heard nothing but the soft movement of air in Noble's lungs. Then Dr. Rosenthal listened again. "Have you had a cold?"

Noble nodded. "I'm just getting over one."

Rosenthal shrugged. "You got mixed up between coarse rales and fine rales." He said to Dan.

"What?" Noble said, "I can't eat and I've been sweating and I'm feeling lousy."

"I'd feel the same way if I thought I had tuberculosis. All you have is a cold," Dr. Rosenthal said.

Topical vocabulary

1. take temperature измерять температуру

2. feel one's pulse определять пульс

3. make tests делать анализы

4. take (measure) one's blood pressure измерять давление крови

5. check/examine обследовать

check/examine one's heart (liver) обследовать сердце (печень)

examine (sound) one's lungs обследовать легкие

6. make a diagnosis поставить диагноз

7. go to the doctor пойти к врачу

consult a doctor проконсультироваться с врачом

8. complain of smth. жаловаться на что-либо

9. trouble (v) (bother; disturb) беспокоить

1. What is troubling you?

2. What disturbs you?

10. have the symptoms of иметь (у вас) все признаки

11. treat for лечить от

cure (v) smb of smth вылечить oт

cure (n) (treatment) лечение

take a treatment for принимать лечение от

12. do good помочь

do harm навредить

13. give direction/recommendation дать предписание/назначение

14. relieve the pain облегчить боль

15. operate (on) оперировать

undergo an operation/surgery лечь на операцию (перенести операцию)

be operated on/for перенести операцию (по поводу)

have smth removed удалить

16. have after-effects/complications осложнения

17. write out a prescription выписать рецепт

write out a sick leave выписать бюллетень

make out a medical certificate выписать справку

18. prescribe a diet назначить диету

be restricted to a diet назначить диету

19. stay in bed соблюдать постельный режим

20. gargle полоскать горло

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text.

Ex. 2. Answer the questions.

1. Who were Dan and Noble?

2. Why didn't Noble want to go get a client X-ray?

3. What made them both think that Noble had got tuberculosis?

4. Why didn't Noble go home one night?

5. Why did Dan take Noble to see Dr. Rosenthal?

6. What was Dr. Rosenthal's opinion of Dan's diagnosis?

7. What was the final diagnosis?

Ex. 3. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases:

Методика обследования, сделайте глубокий вдох, не дышите, похудеть на одиннадцать фунтов, температурить, измерять температуру, заразный, потеть, кашлять, флюорография грудной клетки, простуда, перепутать, отвратительно себя чувствовать, сделать снимок грудной клетки, физическая диагностика.

Ex. 4. Read the text. Translate the words and phrases in brackets.

There is nothing more unpleasant than (заболеть) when you are away from home. If that happens, do you (пойти на прием к врачу) or send for him at once? He will come and (прослушать пульс, измерить температуру, прослушать легкие, осмотреть) you thoroughly. He will (прописать диету) for you and tell you what to eat, and what not to eat, and he will probably advise you to give up drinking coffee, or tea, or both, and to smoke less.

Going to the chemist's is rather an adventure in a foreign town. Chemist shops, these days, are wonderful places. Besides medicines and all kinds of (таблетки и мази) you can get all sorts of other things there as well, such as soaps, brushes, combs, bottles of every shape and size containing scent, (полоскание, микстура от кашля) and what not. You can buy tooth-pastes, tooth-brushes and a hundred and one other things required by man, woman or child.

Grammar: The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

Shall / will + Infinitive

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERREGATIVE
I shall / will work	I shall/will not work	Shall / will I work?
He will work	He will not work	Will he work?
She will work	She will not work	Will she work?
It will	It will not work	Will it work?
We will work	We will not work	Will we work?
You will work	You will not work	Will you work?

• The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense denotes a future action.

You will write these exercises tomorrow.

I am tired. I shall (will) go and have a nap before dinner.

• NOTE: The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense is not used after the conjunctions:

till as soon as provided

until as long as in case

before unless

after on condition that

introduces an object or attributive clause- the future indefinite is used.

• WHEN

introduces an adverbial clause of time- the Future Indefinite is not used.

I do not know when they will arrive.

But when they arrive, I will inform you.

“ли”- the Future Indefinite is used.

• IF

“если”- the Future Indefinite is not used.

I do not know if he will agree.

But if he agrees, I will call you.

Ex. 5. Put the verb in brackets into the Future Indefinite.

1. He (be) here soon. 2. The dress (be) ready tomorrow. 3. They (be) at the station in time for the 10.30 train. 4. I (know) the result in a day. 5. I (be) twenty years old next year. 6. They (remember) you well. 7. when he (come) back? 8. When he comes, I (apologize) to him. 9. I (not see) this beautiful city again. 10. I (recognize) his pictures anywhere.

Ex. 6. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite and the Future Indefinite.

1. When he (call) I (give) him a piece of my mind. 2. I (be) at home if you (need) anything. 3. They (be) in the gallery if you (decide) to speak to them. 4. If they (want) your advice, they (get) in touch with you. 5. If you (have) anything to report, put it in writing and send it to me. 6. I (write) you about it when I (have) time. 7. He (wait) until they (send) for him. 8. He (be) all right when this (be) over. 9. I'd like to ask you a few more questions before you (go). 10. I (not know) when they (come) to see us.

Ex 7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple.

1. I am sure that I (recognize) him.2. I (see) her tomorrow.3. He (play) in a tennis match on Friday.4. His speech (be) broadcast tonight.5. The window-cleaner (come) at eight tomorrow.6. He (leave) in a few days.7. He soon (forget) all about it.8. There (be) a big meeting here tomorrow.9. She (not go) on a cruise next summer.10. You (see) a signpost at the end of the road.

Ex. 8. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Подпишут ли это письмо? 2. Завтра соглашение заключат со многими фирмами. 3. Это здание полностью восстановят только на следующий год. 4. Ящики пересчитают и отвезут на склад.5. Когда он вернется, дом отремонтируют, покрасят забор и посадят много фруктовых деревьев. 6. Вам не придется ждать, документы будут проверены и письма напечатаны. 7. Первая часть этой книги печатается в Москве, а вторая часть будет печататься в Ленинграде. 8. Наш завод оборудуют новыми машинами. 9. Где построят новую библиотеку? 10.Я думаю, что мне предложат эту работу.11.Эти учебники напечатают на всех языках. 12. Нам расскажут новую историю.

Unit 12.

FOOD AND MEALS.

Text: An Englishman Diary.

Grammar: The Future Continuous Tense.