1. Find Russian equivalents for the following phrases.

At present there is the continuous concern for
An increasing amount of publications in the sphere of [x] signify the expanded role of [x] in
Quite a number of scholars register the increased activity of [x] in
There are few theories that share emphasis on [x]
Many scholars hold quite various theories about the role of [x]
Societal developments are surfacing in most organizations
Some scholars conceive the scheme [x] to be an inappropriate framework for
A point of reference for the analysis of [x] as a phenomenon was brought about by N
Numerous blank spots in the field of [x] are to be found in…
A wide range of contemporary studies is ultimately a quantitative one

2. Consider the following clichés – to be further used in writing your project proposal.

7.1.

(At present) there is / an increasing amount of publications in the sphere of [x] signify / quite a number of scholars register	the continuous concern	for
	the increased activity	of [x] in
	the expanded role

7.2.

At present, (many) scholars	hold quite various theories about (the role of [x] in
At present, there are (few theories)	that share emphasis on [x]

7.3.

Most promising/new/recent	trends/development	in the field of [x]
(Social) problems/ societal developments	are surfacing in/impacting	most (organizations)

7.4.

The

major main most important most significant fundamental key

problems in blank spots in point of reference for trends in (studying) change(s) in questions in

the theory of [x] the field of [x] the analysis of [x] (as a phenomenon) a (wide) range of contemporary studies

concern(s) is/are to be found in was/were brought about by N is ultimately a (quantitative) one

7.5

While	This approach	seems to gain popularity among professionals	some vital aspects of [x] are omitted
	The debate over [x]	remains	it has not had much () impact on [x]
However	I/ some scholars	conceive/find/consider [x] (theory/scheme) to be	an inappropriate framework/ a (theoretically) insufficient basis for …
	There are good/ Several reasons	to believe that [x]	is oriented to () and hence to involves…
		focus more attention on [x]	than has recently been the case

Features	Examples
Opening sentence	Our present day life is unthinkable without [x]
Justification	It is important to reveal the problems related to [x]
Structural outline	The project will first demonstrate [x], then [y] will be considered by…
Thesis statement	[x] is one of the solutions to the problem
Writer’s purpose	To show possible ways for solving the problem

UNIT 8. Introduction: the problem statement and scope of the study

The problem statement: hypotheses and research questions

The problem statement is a very clear formulation of the research problem. Having justified your choice of the topic focus, you are supposed now to indicate some likely hypotheses – for quantitative research or research questions – for qualitative research. The typical relation between the type of research and that of the problem statement should also be indicated. British sources offer several choices about the way problem is stated, or framed.

Theory –derived hypotheses

There is	a positive relationship between/clear evidence that/a clear relationship to (x trends)
There is no	correlation between

Research questions and research hypotheses

Does [x]	affect [z]?
This…	varies from… to / affects (only) [x]

General purpose of the study

The general question	this study will attempt to answer is this one:	is [x] (effective/reliable…) in the process/ from the perspective of
	subsumes several related questions:
	can be formulated	as follows / in terms of…