Text b Types of engines

I. Прочтите текст и укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту т (True), а какие нет – f (False):

1. A steam engine was invented earlier than an internal combustion engine.

2. A diesel engine is one of the varieties of an internal combustion engine.

3. There is a piston and a cylinder in a diesel engine.

4. A gasoline engine is often called a compression-ignition engine.

5. Diesel engines do not harm the environment.

An engine is a machine that can convert any of various forms of energy into mechanical power or motion.

The steam engines developed during the Industrial Revolution to power stationary machinery were modified in the 19^th century to propel locomotives and ships, and were joined later by steam turbines. Internal-combustion engines were developed by Nikolaus Otto and Rudolf Diesel in the late 19^th century. Gas turbines and rocket engines came into use in the later 20^th century.

Internal combustion engine is an engine in which a fuel-air mixture is burned in the engine proper so that the hot gaseous products of combustion act directly on the surfaces of its moving parts, such as those of pistons or turbine rotor blades. Internal combustion engines include gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbine engines, pure jet engines, and rocket engines and motors, and are one class of heat engines.

Diesel engine is an internal-combustion engine in which air is compressed to a temperature sufficiently high to ignite fuel injected into the cylinder, where combustion and expansion activate a piston. It converts the chemical energy stored in the fuel into mechanical energy, which can be used to power large trucks, locomotives, ships, small electric-power generators, and some automobiles. The diesel engine differs from other internal-combustion engines (such as gasoline engines) in that it has no ignition system, and so is often called a compression-ignition engine. Diesel fuel is low-grade and comparatively unrefined. Compared to other internal-combustion engines, diesel engines are expensive and heavy and produce more air pollution, noise and vibration.

II. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие предлоги:

a) to (2) b) into c) by d) from:

1. The diesel engine differs … other internal-combustion engines.

2. The air in the internal-combustion engine is compressed … a very high temperature.

3. Engine converts various kinds of energy … mechanical power.

4. Internal-combustion engines were designed … Rudolf Diesel.

5. Compare your car … others, yours is best.

III. Выберите правильный перевод подчеркнутых слов:

1. Паровой двигатель was rather primitive.

a) internal combustion engine

b) gasoline engine

c) diesel engine

d) steam engine

2. Airplanes are equipped with реактивными двигателями.

a) rocket engines

b) gas turbines

c) jet engines

d) heat engines

3. Different engines use different types of топлива.

a) generator

b) combustion

c) fuel

d) piston

4. Зажигание of fuel takes place inside the engine.

a) ignition

b) expansion

c) compression

d) refinement

5. Your car makes a lot of шум.

a) noise

b) pollution

c) vibration

d) accidents

IV. Закончите предложения, выбрав верный вариант:

1. The internal combustion engines	a) are rather heavy, noisy and dirty.
2. Diesel engines	b) in a diesel engine.
3. Diesel fuel	c) include gasoline engines, jet engines and other types of engines.
4. There is no ignition system	d) is sufficient to power large vehicles.
5. The mechanical energy produced in a diesel engine	e) is cheaper and its quality is poorer.

V. Укажите, на какие вопросы в тексте есть ответы (Y), а на какие нет (N):

1. Who invented the internal combustion engine?

2. What are the drawbacks of a gas turbine engine?

3. How does a diesel engine work?

4. What cars are equipped with internal combustion engines and what with diesel engines?

5. What are the advantages of a diesel engine?