менгардт английский для техн вузов

8. an educational establishment	h) по этой причине
9. sports facilities	i) выставочный зал
10. rush-hours	j) вид транспорта
11. enormous	k) администрация города
12. for that reason	l) уделять внимание
13. an exhibition hall	m) быть известным,
	славиться чем-либо
14. to survive	n) ценный, дорогой, полезный
15. busy traffic	o) постоянная необходимость
16. a permanent need	p) тем не менее
17. impressive	q) впечатляющий
18. nevertheless	r) удобный
19. convenient	s) напряженное (сложное)
	движение

6.15.Complete the following sentences with the expressions from the box.

For that reason educational establishments city authorities hospitable is famous for unique rush-hours

pay much attention means of transport sports facilities

1.Jim is very shy. … … … , he is not often invited to parties.

2.The authorities of the university … … … to the innovative program, especially to its results.

3.The Stews are always … . They invite a lot of relatives and friends every weekend.

4.The town where I live is not big but there are some … … such as sport halls, stadiums, swimming-pools and tennis courts.

5.The local museum … … … its collections of historical exhibits which date the last century.

6.There is hardly ever a city with such a … architecture. Old wooden houses make the town very beautiful and outgoing.

7.The most common … … … are route buses, trains and taxis.

8.The traffic in the town is very busy especially in … … . There is always a problem to get home between 5 and 7 p.m.

9.A great number of … … makes the city the so-called “the city of students”.

10.There have appeared more parks and gardens because the … … control the program of making the town greener and more beautiful.

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			Degrees of Comparison		Table 6.2
		Adjective		Comparative	Superlative
		cheap		cheaper	the cheapest
		large		larger	the largest
		big		bigger	the biggest
		easy		easier	the easiest
		funny		funnier	the funniest
		intelligent		more intelligent	the most intelligent
		difficult		more difficult	the most difficult
		good		better	the best
		bad		worse	the worst
		much		more	the most
		many		more	the most
		little		less	the least
		far		further / farther	the furthest / farthest

6.16. Complete the table with the missing forms of adjectives.

sunny	…	the sunniest
large	larger	…
…	worst	the worst
…	bigger	…
expensive	…	…
…	prettier	…
…	…	the safest
many	…	…
…	taller	…
…	more dangerous	…
…	…	the busiest
good	…	…

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6.17.Choose the correct variant.

1.Mary is the tallest / taller person in her family.

2.Brazil is bigger / the biggest South American country.

3.Ice hockey is more dangerous / the most dangerous than tennis or basketball.

4.I know that my course project is the best / better in our group.

5.Exercise one is easier / the easiest to do than exercise three.

6.I think, surfing is more dangerous / the most dangerous sport of all.

7.Harrods is more expensive / the most expensive department store in London.

8.I am feeling worse / the worst today than I felt yesterday.

9.Is Susan older / the oldest than Richard?

10.Alan Parker is one of more successful / the most successful actors in Hollywood.

11.I am sure that my mother is more optimistic / the most optimistic person I have ever met.

12.Peter thinks that people in Germany are the most polite / more polite than people in England.

13.The last conference was more interesting / the most interesting of all.

14.To my mind, the comedy which I saw yesterday is the funniest / funnier in the world.

6.18.Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the adjective in brackets.

1.Los Angeles is … than Vancouver. (polluted)

2.That was … meal I’ve ever eaten. (bad)

3.Kelly has got … clothes than Jane. (beautiful)

4.Susan’s brother is … than she is. (clever)

5.David doesn’t work very hard. I work … . (hard)

6.France is … than Britain. (big)

7.Who is … in your family? (old)

8.Yesterday it was … than today. (cold)

9.You know … people in the town than me. (many)

10.Rachel is … student in our group. (intelligent)

6.19.Find the examples of comparatives and superlatives in the text “Moscow, the Capital of the Russian Federation”.

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Table 6.3

Ways of Comparison

His computer is much cheaper than mine.

My flat is much more expensive than yours.

Saint Petersburg is as big and beautiful as Moscow.

My town is not as beautiful (so beautiful) as London.

Her DVD player has the same price as ours.

Their car is different from ours a lot.

6.20. Work in pairs. Use the adjectives from the box and compare Moscow with the town or city where you are living at the moment.

large clean	noisy crowded	small polluted dirty safe
expensive old	modern cheap	beautiful

Model: – I am living in … now. I think, it is … than Moscow.

6.21. Which is the oldest building, the largest park, the busiest road, the most popular café, the most expensive restaurant, the most famous square, the most exciting night club in your town / city? Write a short paragraph about your town / city.

Model: – I live in … . The oldest building in my town is … .

Table 6.4

Relative Pronouns Who / Which

A teacher is someone who teaches students.

A clock is something which shows the time.

Italy is the country where we spend our holidays.

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6.22.Match the prompts in columns A and B. Then, write sentences with who, as in the model.

Model: – A teacher is a person (someone) who teaches children.

A	B
1. teacher	a) take care of sick people
2. painter	b) work in a shop
3. photographer	c) build houses

4. builder	d) teach children
5. doctor	e) take pictures
6. shop assistant	f) paint portraits

6.23.Match the prompts in columns A and B. Then, write sentences with which, as in the model.

Model: – A camera is a thing (something) which you take pictures with.

A	B
1. camera	a) shelters you from the rain
2. spoon	b) you put on your head
3. umbrella	c) you play football with
4. hat	d) you take pictures with
5. envelope	e) you know the time from
6. football	f) you eat your soup with
7. pen	g) you get the information from
8. hair	h) you drink tea out of
9. book	i) you put your letters into
10. cup	j) you sit on
11. clock	k) you write with

6.24.Match the prompts in columns A and B. Then, write sentences about Helen’s trip to Europe, as in the model.

Model: – Helen went to France where she visited the Eiffel Tower.

	A	B
1.	France	a) enjoy a flamenco dancing
2.	England	b) see the little Mermaid
3.	Spain	c) visit Buckingham Palace
4.	Denmark	d) visit the Eiffel Tower
5.	Italy	e) admire the Colosseum
6.	Switzerland	f) go skiing in the Alps

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6.25.Complete the following sentences with which, who or where.

1.There are several restaurants in the town … they make business lunches.

2.A scientist, … discovered a new planet, has won the Nobel Prize.

3.I don’t like people … tell the lies.

4.The DVD player, … I bought yesterday, is very expensive.

5.An airplane is a machine … flies.

6.I know somebody … works in that shop.

7.You always ask questions … are difficult to answer.

8.Do you know a department store … you can buy Italian shoes?

9.We had a journey … took twelve hours.

10.Kelly lives in a house … is 100 years old.

6.26.Work in pairs and describe the following places, people and things.

a post office,	an English teacher, a washing machine, a florist, a bed,
a knife, soap,	a boutique, a hotel, a police officer

6.27.Find the examples of relative pronouns in the text “Moscow, the Capital of the Russian Federation”.

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Unit 7. THE UNITED KINGDOM

7.1. Read the following words and expressions and pay attention to the examples.

apart from	Apart from English, there are some more
кроме, не считая	languages which are spoken in Great
	Britain.
to surround	The country is surrounded by three oceans:
окружать	the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and
	the Indian Ocean.
constituent	The constituent countries of the United
составляющий часть целого	Kingdom are England, Scotland, Wales and
	Northern Ireland.
terrain	Most of the country consists of lowland
местность, территория	terrain.
a lowland	There are a lot of lowlands in European
низкая местность, долина,	countries.
низина
mountainous	There is some mountainous terrain in the
гористый	north-west of the country.
to include	The paper includes a lot of new information.
включать, содержать в себе
limestone	The limestone hills are situated all over the
известняк	country.
estuary	Apart from Thames England also has the
дельта, устье реки	Severn and the Humber estuaries.
a firth	In the west of the country there are
узкий морской залив	numerous firths and lochs.
a loch	The Loch ness in Scotland is famous for its
озеро, морской залив	monster.
mainly	The climate of the country is mainly
главным образом,	tropical with some difference in the north.
большей частью

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in total	In total, the population of the United
в общем, в целом	Kingdom is more than 60 million people.
temperate climate	The climate of the country is temperate
умеренный климат	especially in the East.
plentiful	Plentiful rains make the climate of the
обильный, изобильный	country mainly temperate.
rainfall	There aren’t many rainfalls in this part
ливень	of the country.
to shelter from smth.	This part of the country is sheltered from
укрывать, прикрывать	the wind by highlands and mountains.
от чего-либо
a spell	The spells of windy and rainy weather are
короткий промежуток	frequent in northern England.
времени
snowfall	There are plentiful snowfalls in Siberia in
снегопад	winter.
to occur	The weather changes occur quite often:
случаться, происходить	twice or even three times a day.
indigenous languages	Indigenous languages are not the official
местные языки	languages of the country.
worldwide	Worldwide, English is the second language
всемирно известный,	after the national one.
мировой
faith	The faith of people is the most important for
вера, доверие, верность	the development of the country.
an Established church	An Established church is the main state
государственная церковь	body of the country.
a wide variety of	A wide variety of programs make the
большое разнообразие,	channel interesting for people.
количество
a denomination	There exist different denominations and
вероисповедание	sects all over the world.

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taxation	Low taxation is the main feature of the
обложение налогом,	economic policy of the country.
взимание налога
initially	Initially, the country was rich in mineral
первоначально,	recourses.
в исходном положении
shipbuilding	Shipbuilding and tourism are the main
кораблестроение	industries in the United Kingdom.
coal mining	Coal mining is very important for
добыча угля	the national economy.
a destination	Oxford is one of the most interesting tourist
назначение,	destinations of the world.
место назначения, цель
to broadcast	The news is broadcast in all the languages
передавать, транслировать	of the country.
по радио, телевидению
the news service	A lot of reporters work for the news service.
служба новостей
rowing	Rowing is an obligatory sport in our college.
гребля
to compete	The school football team competes in
соревноваться,	a local championship twice a year.
конкурировать
to emulate	The British Empire is continuing to emulate
соперничать, стремиться	other countries in different directions.
превзойти
to retain	Many traditions are retained in our country
удерживать, сохранять	thanks to the President.
to influence	Strong winds in summer influence the
влиять, оказывать влияние	climate of the country very much.
the United Nations Security	My country is a member of UNSC.
Council (UNSC)
Совет Безопасности

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7.2.Read the text “The United Kingdom” and match the following headings to the paragraphs.

a)	geography	f)	languages
b)	climate	g) media
c)	general information	h) political system
d)	education	i)	economy
e)	sports	j)	religion

THE UNITED KINGDOM

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain, is situated in the north-west of Europe. Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. It is 974 long and 531 kilometers wide. It comprises the island of Great Britain, the north-east part of the island of Ireland and many small local islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the

Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,000 square kilometers. Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The population of the United Kingdom is more than 60 million people. The four capitals of the United Kingdom’s constituent countries are London (England), Edinburgh (Scotland), Cardiff (Wales) and Belfast (Northern Ireland).

2.Most of England consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Lower ranges include the limestone hills of the Isle of Purbeck, Cotswolds and Lincolnshire Wolds. The main rivers and estuaries are the Thames, the Severn and the Humber Estuary. The largest urban area is Greater London. England’s highest mountain is Scafell Pike, which is in the Lake District and

978meters high. Scotland’s geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west, including Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles at 1,344 meters above the sea level. There are many long and deep sea arms, firths, and lochs. There are nearly eight hundred islands in Scotland, mainly west and north of the mainland. In total, it is estimated that the UK includes around one thousand islands. Wales is mostly mountainous, the highest peak being Snowdon at 1,085 meters above sea level.

3.All parts of the United Kingdom have a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons but seldom drops below

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