менгардт английский для техн вузов

Present Progressive Tense	Past Progressive Tense
‘Sally is cooking something	Sally’s husband told me (that) she was
delicious’, her husband told me.	cooking something delicious.
‘I am not watching news. I am	Terry said (that) he was not watching
watching a football match’, Terry	news. He was watching a football
said.	match.
Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
‘Andrew has already come from	Nancy said (that) Andrew had
work’, Nancy said.	already come from work.
‘I haven’t finished my breakfast	She told me (that) she hadn’t
yet’, she told me.	finished her breakfast yet.
Past Simple Tense	Past Perfect Tense
‘Stewart e-mailed me yesterday’,	He said (that) Stewart had
he said.	e-mailed him the day before.
‘Kelly didn’t come in time last	Kelly’s boss told me (that) she hadn’t
Friday’, her boss told me.	come in time the previous Friday.
Future Simple Tense	Future-in-the-Past Tense
‘I will phone you tomorrow’,	Laura told me (that) she would phone
Laura told me.	me the next day.
‘Mary won’t come to see you	Mary’s mother said (that) she wouldn’t
today’, her mother said.	come to see me that day.

8.23.Read the conversation from exercise 8.23 again and turn Mio’s direct sentences into reported ones, as in the model.

Model: – ‘I haven’t seen you for ages’, Mio told Yoko.

– Mio told Yoko (that) she hadn’t seen him for ages.

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						Table 8.6
				Reported Special Questions
				DIRECT SPEECH		REPORTED SPEECH
				Present Simple Tense		Past Simple Tense
‘Where does Kelly have lunch?’						He wanted to know where Kelly had
he asked.						lunch.
			Present Progressive Tense			Past Progressive Tense
‘What are you doing tonight?’						Ben was interested what I was doing
Ben asked.						that night.
				Present Perfect Tense		Past Perfect Tense
‘Why has Lucy left?’ Mike asked.						Mike wanted to know why Lucy had
						left.
				Past Simple Tense		Past Perfect Tense
‘When did Angela arrive?’ John						John was interested when Angela had
asked.						arrived.
				Future Simple Tense		Future-in-the-Past Tense
‘What time will Mary come?’						Ben wanted to know what time Mary
Ben asked.						would come.
						Table 8.7
				Reported Yes / No Questions
				DIRECT SPEECH		REPORTED SPEECH
				Present Simple Tense		Past Simple Tense
‘Do you like rock music?’					She asked Steve if he liked rock
	she asked Steve.				music.
		Present Progressive Tense				Past Progressive Tense
‘Is Daniel going sightseeing?’					I asked Daniel’s friend if he was
I asked his friend.					going sightseeing.

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Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense
‘Have you seen Fred today?’	Laura asked me if I had seen Fred that
Laura asked me.	day.
Past Simple Tense	Past Perfect Tense
‘Did you like my report?’	I asked the teacher if she had liked my
I asked the teacher.	report.
Future Simple Tense	Future-in-the-Past Tense
‘Will you give my book to the	Henry asked me if I would give his book
library?’ Henry asked me.	to the library.

8.24. Read the conversation from exercise 8.23. again and turn Yoko’s direct questions into reported ones, as in the model.

Model: – ‘Where are you living now?’ Yoko asked Mio.

–Yoko asked Mio where she was living then.

–‘Are you OK?’ Yoko wanted to know.

–Yoko wanted to know if Mio was OK.

			Table 8.8
		Certain Expressions in Reported Speech
		DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
tonight			that night
today			that day
this week			that week
this month			that month
yesterday			the day before
last night			the previous night
last week			the previous week
tomorrow			the following (next) day
next week			the following (next) week
next month			the following (next) month

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two days ago	two days before
three months ago	three months before
this	that
these	those
here	there
now	then

8.26.Turn the following direct statements and questions into the reported speech. Be careful with the certain words and time expressions.

1.Kevin said, ‘I have lost my car keys today’.

2.Joe told me, ‘I am going to drive you to the station tonight’.

3.‘I forgot to phone Mary yesterday’, Laura said.

4.‘What is your room number?’ Henry wanted to know.

5.‘When did Tanya’s parents buy her a new flat?’ my mother asked.

6.‘Mr. Hill is having two business meetings this week’, the secretary said.

7.‘What are you looking for?’ Nancy asked me.

8.‘Will Terry join our football team next Saturday?’ our couch wanted to know.

9.Barbara asked me, ‘Do your parents work?’

10.Lilly told us, ‘I have been to Italy twice’.

11.John wanted to know, ‘When will you go to the dentist?’

12.‘Is your mother working now?’ Bill asked me.

13.‘Ted always does his homework in time’, Julia said.

14.Margaret informed me, ‘I haven’t cooked the dinner yet’.

15.‘Do you like our English teacher?’ Wendy asked me.

8.27.Choose the correct variant and complete the following sentences.

1.Helen was very frightened after she … a horror film.

	a) watched	b) has watched	c) had watched
2.	My friends asked me if I … a party the following weekend.
	a) will have	b) would have	c) have
3.	When I got to the hostel, John … with his book open.
	a) was sleeping	b) has been sleeping	c) had been sleeping

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4.	Lorry wanted to know if I … his new stereo system.
	a) liked	b) like	c) has liked
5.	Mary bought a new car … she had won the lottery.
	a) before	b) after	c) by the time
6.	Nick said that they … to the country the following week.
	a) are moving	b) will move	c) were moving
7.	Eddy was making sandwiches … Barbara was washing the dishes
	a) when	b) while	c) as soon as

8.I … working in the National bank after I had graduated from the university.

a) started		b) had started	c) starts
9. Michael … us that he had made a very serious mistake.
a) tells		b) told	c) tell
10.	Henry … down the street when his mobile phone rang.
a) walked		b) has been walking	c) was walking
11.	Violet said that she would start her course project … .
a) next Friday		b) the following Friday	c) this Friday
12.	Both of us were going shopping when we … a very strange man
	coming up to us.
	a) see	b) saw	c) have seen
13.	… Fred was twenty he had got the driving license.
	a) While	b) After	c) By the time
14.	Susan asked me … I liked strawberries.
	a) if	b) did	c) what
15.	Steve … me if I had any brothers or sisters.
	a) told	b) asked	c) wanted to know

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PART II

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Unit 9. COMMUNICATIONS

9.1.Read the following words and expressions and pay attention to their meanings.

to search for	отыскивать (нужную) информацию
to retrieve	извлекать (хранимую) информацию
to share	разделять (smth. with smb. – что-л. с кем-л.);
	использовать совместно
business transactions	деловые операции
(communications) network	сеть коммуникаций, сеть связи, система
	связи
to exchange information	обмениваться информацией
the World Wide Web	всемирная паутина (собрание

(WWW)гипертекстовых и иных документов, доступных по всему миру через сеть Интернет)

a web	1)	паутина;
	2)	перен. сеть, система, инфраструктура
an access	1)	выборка (из памяти);
(to access)	2)	обращение (напр., к базе данных);
	3)	иметь доступ, получить доступ (к чему-л.)
a tool	перен. орудие, средство, инструмент
an icon	1)	значок; образ, изображение;
	2)	отображение (в электронной почте);
	3)	пиктограмма, проф. иконка
a Web browser	Web-браузер (средство просмотра
	web-страниц в сети Интернет)
hardware	хардвер, “железо”, детали компьютера
	(платы, монитор и т.д.), в отличие от
	программного обеспечения
software	программное обеспечение, программные
	средства, программы
a provider	провайдер, поставщик

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a graphical interface	графический интерфейс
a site	сайт, абонентский пункт
hyperlinks	гиперссылки, гипертекстовые связи
	(средства компоновки электронного
	документа, содержащего текстовые,
	аудио- и видеоданные)
links	ссылки (на страницу в Интернете)
an image	изображение
to store	комп. запоминать; хранить

9.2. Read the text.

INTRODUCTION TO THE WWW AND THE INTERNET

Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve some information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the same basic ways.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it’s not a collection of networks. Rather, it is the information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and services that are a part of the World Wide Web is growing extremely fast. By using a computer terminal (hardware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of information. Each browser provides a graphical interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links. Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file somewhere on the Internet. The user doesn’t need to know where it is, the browser follows the link.

All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it’s available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through the WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.

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