Методические указания к контрольной работе № 3

Контрольная работа № 3 выполняется на III курсе. Для того чтобы правильно выполнить данную контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

1. Видовременные формы глагола в активном и пассивном залогах.

2. Инфинитивные обороты Complex Object, Complex Subject.

3. Употребление конструкций used to, would rather do.

4. Судовая терминология.

Конструкция used to + Infinitive

Конструкция used to + Infinitive используется для того, чтобы передать прошлые привычки, состояния, или факты и что сейчас уже не происходит.

She used to read a lot when she was younger.

Она много читала, когда была моложе.

В таких предложениях used to можно заменить на Past Simple.

When I was a child I used to believe (believed) in fairy-tales.

Когда я был ребенком, я верил в сказки.

Если действие произошло в определенное время (это указано контекстом или понятно по смыслу), используется Past Simple. Употребление used to в таком случае будет неверным.

They walked to work yesterday	Они шли на работу пешком.
I went waterskiing last weekend.	Я катался на водных лыжах в прошлые выходные.

Утвердительная форма: I used to like coffee but I don’t like it now.

Отрицательная форма: I didn’t use to swim very well.

Конструкция would rather

He would rather + infinitive – Он предпочёл бы + инфинитив  I would rather (not) переводится «я бы предпочел (не)», «я, пожалуй, (не)». 

После would rather употребляется инфинитив смыслового глагола без частицы to. Форма would употребляется во всех лицах и числах. В разговорной речи может использоваться сокращенная форма глагола. Например, He would rather watch TV. / He’d rather watch TV.

I would rather start my own business than work for somebody else.	Я бы предпочел начать свое собственное дело, чем работать на кого-то.
We'd rather leave in the afternoon.	Нам лучше выехать после обеда.
Would  you  rather  watch a talk show or a movie?	Вы предпочитаете посмотреть ток-шоу или кино?
I  would   rather  see a movie than a talk show.	Я предпочитаю посмотреть кино, чем ток-шоу.

Перфектный инфинитив употребляется, когда речь идет о прошлом.

I  would rather have gone to Italy last winter.

Я лучше бы поехал в Италию прошлой зимой.

Варианты заданий контрольной работы № 3 Вариант 1

I. Заполните пропуски и переведите предложения:

1. The mess-room is __ the second deck.

a) over b) on c) to d) in

2. The tanker was __ good condition.

a) to b) by c) in d) for

3. ___ the fire extinguishers nearest your cabin?

a) To locate b) Have located c) Have you located d) The location has

4. What kind of assistance ___?

a) you do require b) do you require c) require d) you require

5. What signals are used in ___ ?

a) an emergency b) a speech c) a traveling d) a coming

6. ____ Everything is under control.

a) Not panic! b) Don’t panic! c) Do panic! d) Haven’t panic!

7. I am ready ___ your message.

a) to receive b) to correct c) to split d) to obtain

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные конструкции.

1. I know him to be a experience Master.

2. She believed him to have left for London.

3. He is said to repair the damaged equipment.

4. She was permitted to use their computer.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление конструкций английского языка used to, would rather:

1. I  would   rather  have coffee, please.

2. My wife  would   rather  see a talk show than a movie.

3. When I was younger, I didn’t use to eat meat but now I eat a lot.

4. When I lived in the city, I often used to go to the theater.

5. They used to go to a very traditional school where they wore a uniform.

IV. Запишите и письменно переведите текст.

The capacity of a capacitor is measured in farads. A capacitor has a capacity of one farad when a charge of one coulomb increases the potential between its plates by one volt.

The capacity depends on four things: first, the higher the voltage used to charge the capacitor the more energy it will store; second, the larger the size of plates and the greater their number the more energy will be stored; third, the closer are the positive and negative plates the greater is the charge; fourth, some insulators store greater charge than others.

V. Прочитайте текст, сделайте реферирование текста на английском языке в письменной форме (см. Приложение 6). Переведите письменно свой текст на русский язык.

Marine Pollution Prevention

The pollution of the sea has reached a very dangerous level and presents a serious threat to sea life and to the whole mankind. Marine pollution has become a global problem. That’s why in 1973 the International Conference adopted the Convention for Preventing of Pollution at Sea by Oil. According to it ships should be equipped with technical facilities that prevent the possibility of discharging waters containing oil products into the sea. If the ship notices an oil slick the captain should immediately inform the authorities about it. The inspectors have to make up a violation report (акт нарушений).

In this case it is very important for the ship to prove that they haven’t discharged any oil products overboard. They must shoe that the bilge water passes through a separator, that it is registered in the Oil Record Book (журнал нефтяных операций). They must also prove that they have not violated the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of Sea by Oil.

On board every ship there must be a sewage treatment plant (установка для обработки сточных вод). It operates continuously during the ship’s stay in a port and in areas closed to discharge of sewage. The ship must be equipped with a system to comminute (измельчать) and disinfect the sewage. All the sewage is collected in the sewage tank. It is allowed to discharge overboard waters from sewage system at full speed when the ship is more than 300 miles off the coast.

The crewmen should also be informed of the Regulation according to which the disposal (выброс) of all kind of plastics into the sea is prohibited. Food wastes should be stored in a special receptacles (приемники) and in the port dry rubbish and garbage should be taken away by ash-boats.