- •Unit I
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Working Day
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Day Off and My Hobbies
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading material text a
- •The Cell
- •If we examine a thin piece of a plant under a microscope we shall see
- •Cells: the Smallest Units of Life, their Structure
- •Crammar exercises
- •Unit II
- •The Belarusian State University
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •The Biology Faculty
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make up sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •II. Mind the pronunciation of the following words:
- •III. Mark the following statements as true or false:
- •Species
- •Grammar execises
- •Unit III
- •Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Minsk-the Capital of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Reproduction and Growth
- •Bacteria: their Construction
- •Crammar exercises practice modals
- •Practice substitute words
- •Unit IV
- •The United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Make sentences
- •II. Complete the sentences using the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •My Future Profession
- •Botanist
- •Ecologist
- •Biochemist
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading material
- •Algae: the Simplest Green Plants
- •Crammar exercises practice participle
- •Practice infinitive
- •Practice gerund
- •Unit V
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 5.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the meanings of the verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •VIII. Put in some, any, something, anything, nothing, nobody and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 6.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •Исключения
- •Pronouns and Substitute words
- •(Местоимение и словазаменители)
- •The word One
- •Слово One
- •Слово-заместитель that (those)
- •Слово-заместитель this (these)
- •II. Articles
- •III. Numbers (Числительное)
- •IV. Pronouns (местоимения)
- •V. Оборот there is (there are)
- •IV. Безличное it
- •VII. Adjectives (прилагательное)
- •VIII. Adverbs (наречия)
- •IX. Tenses Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •X. Modal Verbs (модальные глаголы)
- •Основные значения модальных глаголов
- •XI. Participle
- •Функции причастия
- •I. Определениe (Attribute (какой?, какая?)
- •Models:
- •2. Participle II
- •II. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier (как?, почему?, когда?)
- •1. Participle I (Active and Passive)
- •2. Participle II
- •3. Perfect Participle
- •Причастные обороты
- •1. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Независимый причастный оборот (Absolute Participial Construction)
- •XII. Gerund
- •Функции герундия
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •Часть составного именного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Nominal Predicate)
- •Часть составного глагольного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate)
- •4. Прямое дополнение (Direct Object)
- •5. Косвенное дополнение (Indirect Object)
- •6. Определение (Attribute) Герундий в данной функции употребляется после следующих абстрактных существительных с предлогами:
- •7. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier)
- •Герундиальные обороты (gerundial constructions)
- •Употребление инфинитива без частицы to
- •Функции инфинитива
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •2. Часть сказуемого (Part of the Predicate)
- •3. Дополнение (Object)
- •4. Определение (Attribute)
- •5. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier of):
- •Инфинитивные обороты (infinitive constructions)
- •1. Сложное Дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Инфинитивный оборот
- •(The For-To-Infinitive Construction)
Vocabulary
according to – в соответствии с
investigating skills – исследовательские способности
recognize – узнавать
analyze – анализировать
relationship – связь
be able – суметь, смочь
obtain – получать, добывать
on the whole – в целом
in particular – в частности
majority – большинство
require – требовать
deal with – иметь дело, рассматривать
distribution – распространение
inheritance – наследственность
horticulture – садоводство, огородничество
forestry – лесоводство
remain – оставаться
contribute – содействовать; делать вклад
incredibly – невероятно, потрясающе
ancient- древний
interference – вмешательство
increase – увеличивать
pollution – загрязнение
destruction – разрушение
layer – слой
disappearance – исчезновение
species – вид (биол.)
exist – существовать
enterprise – предприятие
prevent – предотвращать; не допускать
satisfy – удовлетворить
take into consideration – принять во внимание
salary – зарплата
define – определять
composition – состав; составная часть
essence – сущность
transformation – превращение, преобразование
elucidate – объяснить; пролить свет
conversion – превращение; переход
make contribution – сделать вклад
Answer the questions.
Why is finishing school important for school-leavers?
How did you choose your specialization?
What does it mean to be a good biologist?
How can you define the science of botany?
What subordinate sciences is botany divided into?
Why do you think botany is an incredibly interesting science?
Did people always live in harmony with environment?
What is a sign of ecological crisis?
Why is the profession of an ecologist socially important?
What ecological problems do people in Belarus have?
What did you do to satisfy your ambition?
What factors did you take into consideration while choosing a profession?
Why did you choose the profession of a biochemist?
What does biochemistry study?
How is research in biochemistry carried out?
Why is the profession of a biochemist specific?
What are you interested in?
Do you think your hopes will become true?
Ex. 1. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order.
easy of course, it is not, of a job, the right choice, to make
you should, I think, to be a biologist, investigating, have, analyzing skills; recognizing, you should, structures, relationships, be good at, elements; systematize, organize, obtained, material, you should, be able to
biology, botany, on the whole, in particular, I suppose, for me, perspective, and, are
in our republic, still exist, have to solve, Ecologists, a lot of problems that
to help people, gives, the profession of an ecologist, in trouble
prestige, salary, I took, job-satisfaction, a lot of factors, to travel, opportunities, into consideration
the most primitive, very complicated, from, to, ones, biochemistry, as, of, the chemistry, may be defined, living organisms
Reading material
T E X T A
Study the meaning and pronunciation of the words:
majority (n) [mq′GPrItI] – большинство
seed (n) [si:d] – семя
enclose (v) [In′klouz] – окружать, заключать
cone-bearing (a) [koun bFqriN] – шишконосный
pine (n) [paIn] - сосна
larch (n) [la:tS] – лиственница
alga (algae) (n) [′xlgq] [′xlGi:] – водоросль
fungus (fungi) (n) [fANgqs] [fANgaI] – гриб (грибы)
moss (n) [mPs] - мох
liverworts (n) [′lIvqwWts] – кустистые мхи
fern (n) [fWn] – папоротник
horsetail (n) [hO:steIl] – хвощ
seaweed (n) [′sI:wI:d] – морская водоросль
freshwater (a) [freSw′P:tq] – пресноводный
tissue (n) [tisju] – ткань
surrounding (a) [sq′raundIN] – окружающий
occur (v) [q′kq:] – встречаться, происходить
motile (a) [′moutil] - подвижный
Algae
There are two classes of Flowering Plants. In the great majority the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The cone-bearing trees, on the other hand, such as the Pine and Larch, bear seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit-case.
The Non-flowering Plants are grouped in four classes: Algae, Fungi, Mosses and Liverworts, Ferns and Horsetails.
To the Algae belong all the seaweeds and simple freshwater plants. Although they range in structure none have the highly differentiated tissues of the higher plants. Generally speaking, Algae live in water and take food and air from the surrounding water. Many seaweeds are brown and some of the most beautiful are red, but in all chlorophyll is present, the green colour being merely masked. When a branch of Bladderwrack is boiled in fresh water the brown colouring matter is dissolved and the branch becomes bright green. Both asexual and sexual methods of reproduction occur in different members of the class; in the latter case the egg is fertilized by motile spermatozoids.
Say whether the following statements are true or false.
In all flowering plants seeds are always enclosed in a fruit-case.
Cone-bearing trees are non-flowering plants.
Algae take food and air from the surrounding water.
Algae live only in seas and oceans.
Brown and red seaweeds don’t contain chlorophyll.
Algae reproduce either sexually or asexually.
T E X T B