Vocabulary

current — поток, течение

diverse — разнообразный

to argue — спорить

rubric — название, заголовок

instance — пример

noodle — лапша

entrance — вход

to refer — иметь отношение, относиться

to highlight — выдвигать на первый план; придать большое значение

two-dimensional — двухмерный

undulating — волнистый

the applied art — прикладное искусство

to engrave — гравировать

former — бывший

attempt — попытка

to offer — предлагать

craft — ремесло

stoneware — керамические изделия

stained glass — витраж

veneer — шпон; однослойная фанера; (кирпичная) облицовка

wrought iron — ковкая мягкая сталь

horseshoe — подкова

treatment — обработка

to inspire — вдохновлять

to impose — налагать (обязательство)

adherent — сторонник

I Choose the right sentence.

1. Art Nouveau was a reaction to the currents of eclecticism and aca­demic classicism at the turn of the 19th century.

a) Art Nouveau was a reaction against Neo-Gothic.

b) It was a reaction to the currents of eclecticism and academic classicism in the late 19th century.

2. This style has a lot of rubrics.

a) It is often referred to as "style 1900".

b) It was the "modern style" in England.

c) It is known under a variety of titles.

3. The curved line gives rise to invariably asymmetrical forms.

a) A florid type of architecture exploits craft skills.

b) The whiplash line creates constantly asymmetrical forms.

4. Fyodor Shekhtel is the main representative of Art Nouveau in Rus­sia.

a) Ryabushinsky's mansion by Fyodor Shekhtel is one the best works of Art Nouveau in Russia.

b) Mackintosh is an outstanding representative of Art Nouveau in Scotland.

5. Art Nouveau was inspired by Ruskin, Morris and Oscar Wilde.

a) The echoes of Gothic had a considerable effect on the age and emerged in some Art Nouveau works.

b) Art Nouveau was an aesthetic undertaking.

c) Ruskin, Morris and Oscar Wilde were the inspirers of Art Nou­veau.

II. Complete the following sentences.

1. Art Nouveau is characterized by ... and asymmetrical forms,

a) plain surfaces b) whiplash lines

c) symmetrical composition

2. This decorative trend highlights ... of the curved line,

a) structural value b) durability

c) ornamental value

3. It was an attempt to put an end to imitations of... styles,

a) past b) new c) different

4. This architecture exploits craft skills, using ...

a) coloured materials b) Landscape Architecture

c) computer technology

III. Answer the following questions. Only one variant is correct from the three choices.

1. What does Art Nouveau exploit?

a) This style exploits the effects of illusionism.

b) The artists of Art Nouveau imitate past styles.

c) It exploits craft skills using coloured materials.

2. What were the sources of Art Nouveau?

a) Increasing interest in archaeology was crucial to the emergence of Art Nouveau.

b) It was inspired by such aesthetes as Ruskin, Morrison, and Oscar Wilde.

c) It adopted the ideas of Constructivism.

3. What kind of reaction was Art Nouveau born of?

a) It began with an onslaught on Baroque architecture.

b) It was the reaction to the ban on human representation.

c) It was born of a reaction to the rise of industrialism.

4. What were the decorative elements of this trend?

a) Art Nouveau featured exotic veneers, moulded stonework, assym-metrical door-and window frames, horseshoe windows.

b) It was characterized by unadorned exteriors and interiors.

c) The Doric order was preferred during this period.

5. Who were the greatest architects of Art Nouveau?

a) Carlo Rossi is one of the greatest representatives of the modern style.

b) August Endell, Charles R. Mackintosh and Antonio Gaudi are among those who created this style.

c) Filippo Brunelleschi is supposed to be its initiator.