- •Contents
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •Ex. 3. Supply the following sentences with one of the given adverbs: usually, never, often, always, generally, sometimes, occasionally.
- •4.Present Simple vs. Present Continuous.
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs. Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •1. Future Simple
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using willorgoing to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning.
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal verbs (basic rules).
- •2. Must – have to – to be to.
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to. Some are present and some are past.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •16. Questions in Different Tenses (Revision).
- •1. General questions.
- •2. Special questions.
- •3. Alternative questions.
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice.
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the complex subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund.
- •25. Participle.
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object.
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, any, no
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of).
- •32. Adjectives and adverbs
- •33. Comparisons.
- •Irregular forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write –‘after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such.
- •37. Enough and Too.
- •Ex. 3. Use too orenough
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative clauses – clauses with who / that / which
- •39. Prepositions.
- •For / during
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
10. Present Perfect Continuous
|
|
I, WE, YOU, THEY |
HE, SHE, IT |
|
Positive |
We have beenstudyingEnglish for 5 years. |
He hasbeenstudyingEnglish for 5 years. |
|
Negative |
We haven’t beensmokingsince November. |
He hasn’t beensmokingsince November. |
|
Questions |
Haveyoubeenworkinghere long? Yes, I have. No, Ihaven’t. What haveyoubeendoing lately? |
Hashebeenworkinghere long? Yes, he has. No, hehasn’t. What hashebeendoinglately? |
The present perfect continuous tense shows the action which started in the past and is still going on.
The following words may be signals of the present perfect continuous tense:
Forshows for how long the action has been going on
Sinceshows from what moment in the past it has been going on
How longis used in questions
Ex. 1. Open the brackets, using the present perfect continuous tense.
We (study) English for 2 years.
She (live) in Paris since September.
He (work) as a Sales Manager since 2001.
They (discuss) the contract terms since 10 o’clock.
This company (work) in retail trade for 5 years.
You (read) the catalogue since lunch.
It (rain) since early morning.
We (try) to reach an agreement for 2 hours.
She (wait) for you for 40 minutes.
They (watch) sports programmes since 11 o’clock.
How long (work) for this company?
Ex. 2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative (yes/no questions).
We have been working at this problem for a long time.
They have been planning this trip since winter.
She has been living in London for 3 weeks.
He has been waiting for her for 40 minutes.
It has been raining since yesterday.
I have been working hard all the year.
Mr. Hill has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mrs. Hill has been cooking dinner since 10 o’clock.
Ex. 3. Put special questions to the sentences, using the words in brackets.
She has been sleeping for 12 hours already. How long…?
They haven’t been working hard all the year. Why…?
They have been developing this brand since last August. Since when…?
She has been talking on the phone for 2 hours. Who … with…?
He has been earning a lot of money these months. How much…?
I have been reading this book for 2 weeks. What kind of …?
7. I am so tired! I’ve been writing it since early morning. What…?
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Сколько лет вы изучаете английский язык? - Я изучаю английский язык с детства.
Снег идет с утра.
Я мою окна с утра, но пока вымыла только два окна.
Чем ты занимался весь день? – Я ходил по магазинам.
Я ищу работу уже три месяца, но пока не нашел то, что мне нужно.
Ты выглядишь усталым. – Я много работаю последнее время.
Сколько вы уже играете на гитаре. Я играю с детства.
Он читает газету с 10 утра.
Анна живет на этой улице с тех пор, как купила там квартиру.
10. Они обсуждают контракт уже 2 часа.
11. Он сочиняет музыку с тех пор, как родители купили ему гитарую.
Present Perfect Simple vs. Present Perfect Continuous.
Compare these sentences
|
Present Perfect Simple |
Present Perfect Continuous |
|
|
|
You can see the result of a finishedaction. |
The action is not finished, it is stillgoing on. |
Ex. 1. Open the brackets using present perfect or present perfect continuous.
We (walk) ten kilometers.
We (walk) for three hours.
You (walk) to fast. That’s why you are tired.
I (make) rolls for the party all the morning. - How many you (make)? – I (make) 200.
That boy (eat) three ice-creams. He (eat) since he arrived.
I (plant) up 20 roses. I (plant) up roses all day.
What you (do) since morning? – We (pick) apples. – How many you (pick)? – We (pick) ten baskets.
He (sleep) since ten o’clock. Wake him up!
A: What are you doing, Bob?
B: I (look) through my toy box all morning. Look, I (find) my toy cars collection.
A: You (play) with your cars for three hours. I (watch) you.
B: They are wonderful! I (not to have) such a good time for years! Look at this Ferrari!
A: Bob, do you know what time it is?
B: Why should I care? I am not going anywhere.
A: It’s 11 o’clock! Your boss just (call). He (wait) for you all morning. He is very angry!
B: Oh, my God! I thought it was Saturday! I (work) so hard all this week, so I forgot what day it was!
Ex. 2. What will you do in the following situations?
Your friend asked you to meet him at 5, you came at 6.
He says: “Where have you been?”
You say: a) I’ve forgotten the time of the meeting.
b) I’ve been forgetting the time of the meeting.
Your professor asks you how things are with your course paper.
You say: a) I’ve been collecting data to start my work next month.
b) I’ve collected data since November.
You hand in your report to your boss and say:
I’ve been finishing it and making a copy for the Board.
I’ve finished it and made a copy for the Board.
You come into the room and see your children near the half-empty jar of jam. You say:
Have you been eating jam again?
Have you eaten all the jam again?
Your boy-friend / girl-friend comes home and sees you sorting out your clothes. You say:
I’ve bought a new collection and want to throw away the old one.
I’ve been buying a new collection and want to throw away the old one.
Your friend wants to know if you like the house you live in. You say:
Yes, I’ve been living there since my childhood.
Yes, I lived there since my childhood.
Your teacher is interested if you know any plays by Shakespeare. You say:
I saw one of his plays in the theatre last year.
I have seen one of his plays in the theatre last year.
Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
Мы обсуждаем этот проект с самого утра.
Как давно вы работаете в Хьюлетт-Паккард?
Дождь идет уже два часа.
Я занимаюсь серфингом пять лет.
Сколько фильмов ты посмотрел в этом месяце?
Они ждут нас с обеда, мы должны позвонить им и все объяснить.
Она размышляет над тем, что ей надеть на вечеринку уже час.
Он любит ее с детства.
Боб чинит свою машину со вчерашнего дня.
Сэм ищет работу четыре месяца. Он уже посетил две фирмы.
Сколько лет ты его знаешь?
Почему вы не писали нам все эти годы?
К настоящему моменту они обсудили три статьи.
С кем ты разговариваешь уже два часа?