Managing Layout
main.getContent().setSizeFull();
//Add a title area on top of the screen. This takes just the
//vertical space it needs.
main.addComponent(new Label("My Application"));
// Add a menu-view area that takes rest of the vertical space. HorizontalLayout menuview = new HorizontalLayout(); menuview.setSizeFull();
main.addComponent(menuview);
See Section 6.13.1, “Layout Size” for more information about setting layout sizes.
6.3. VerticalLayout and HorizontalLayout
VerticalLayout and HorizontalLayout are containers for laying components out either vertically or horizontally, respectively. These are the two most important layout components in Vaadin and some components, such as Window and Panel, have a VerticalLayout as the root layout, which you can set with setContent().
Typical use of the layouts goes as follows:
VerticalLayout vertical = new VerticalLayout (); vertical.addComponent(new TextField("Name")); vertical.addComponent(new TextField("Street address")); vertical.addComponent(new TextField("Postal code")); main.addComponent(vertical);
In these layouts, component captions are placed above the component. The layout will look on screen as follows:
Using HorizontalLayout gives the following layout:
The layouts can have spacing between the horizontal or vertical cells, defined with setSpacing(), as described in Section 6.13.3, “Layout Cell Spacing”.The contained components can be aligned within their cells with setComponentAlignment(), as described in Section 6.13.2, “Layout Cell Alignment”.
6.3.1. Sizing Contained Components
The components contained within an ordered layout can be laid out in a number of different ways depending on how you specify their height or width in the primary direction of the layout component.
VerticalLayout and HorizontalLayout |
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Figure 6.2. Component Widths in HorizontalLayout
Figure 6.2, “Component Widths in HorizontalLayout” above gives a summary of the sizing options for a HorizontalLayout. The figure is broken down in the following subsections.
Layout with Undefined Size
If a VerticalLayout has undefined height or HorizontalLayout undefined width, the layout will shrink to fit the contained components so that there is no extra space between them.
HorizontalLayout fittingLayout = new HorizontalLayout(); fittingLayout.setWidth(Sizeable.SIZE_UNDEFINED, 0); // Default fittingLayout.addComponent(new Button("Small")); fittingLayout.addComponent(new Button("Medium-sized")); fittingLayout.addComponent(new Button("Quite a big component")); parentLayout.addComponent(fittingLayout);
The both layouts actually have undefined height by default and HorizontalLayout has also undefined width, while VerticalLayout has 100% relative width.
If such a vertical layout with undefined height continues below the bottom of a window (a Window object), the window will pop up a vertical scroll bar on the right side of the window area. This way, you get a "web page". The same applies to Panel.
A layout that contains components with percentual size must have a defined size!
If a layout has undefined size and a contained component has, say, 100% size, the component would fill the space given by the layout, while the layout would shrink to fit the space taken by the component, which would be a paradox. This requirement holds for height and width separately. The debug mode allows detecting such invalid cases; see Section 11.3.1, “Debug Mode”.
An exception to the above rule is a case where you have a layout with undefined size that contains a component with a fixed or undefined size together with one or more components with relative size. In this case, the contained component with fixed (or undefined) size in a sense defines the size of the containing layout, removing the paradox. That size is then used for the relatively sized components.
The technique can be used to define the width of a VerticalLayout or the height of a HorizontalLayout.
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//Vertical layout would normally have 100% width VerticalLayout vertical = new VerticalLayout();
//Shrink to fit the width of contained components vertical.setWidth(Sizeable.SIZE_UNDEFINED, 0);
//Label has normally 100% width, but we set it as
//undefined so that it will take only the needed space Label label =
new Label("\u2190 The VerticalLayout shrinks to fit "+ "the width of this Label \u2192");
label.setWidth(Sizeable.SIZE_UNDEFINED, 0); vertical.addComponent(label);
// Button has undefined width by default
Button butt = new Button("\u2190 This Button takes 100% "+ "of the width \u2192");
butt.setWidth("100%");
vertical.addComponent(butt);
Figure 6.3. Defining the Size with a Component
Layout with Defined Size
If you set a HorizontalLayout to a defined size horizontally or a VerticalLayout vertically, and there is space left over from the contained components, the extra space is distributed equally between the component cells. The components are aligned within these cells according to their alignment setting, top left by default, as in the example below.
fixedLayout.setWidth("400px");
Using percentual sizes for components contained in a layout requires answering the question, "Percentage of what?" There is no sensible default answer for this question in the current implementation of the layouts, so in practice, you may not define "100%" size alone.
Expanding Components
Often, you want to have one component that takes all the available space left over from other components.You need to set its size as 100% and set it as expanding with setExpandRatio(). The second parameter for the method is an expansion ratio, which is relevant if there are more than one expanding component, but its value is irrelevant for a single expanding component.
HorizontalLayout layout = new HorizontalLayout(); layout.setWidth("400px");
//These buttons take the minimum size. layout.addComponent(new Button("Small")); layout.addComponent(new Button("Medium-sized"));
//This button will expand.
Button expandButton = new Button("Expanding component");
Sizing Contained Components |
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//Use 100% of the expansion cell's width. expandButton.setWidth("100%");
//The component must be added to layout before setting the ratio. layout.addComponent(expandButton);
//Set the component's cell to expand. layout.setExpandRatio(expandButton, 1.0f);
parentLayout.addComponent(layout);
Notice that you must call setExpandRatio() after addComponent(), because the layout can not operate on an component that it doesn't (yet) include.
Expand Ratios
If you specify an expand ratio for multiple components, they will all try to use the available space according to the ratio.
HorizontalLayout layout = new HorizontalLayout(); layout.setWidth("400px");
// Create three equally expanding components. String[] captions = { "Small", "Medium-sized",
"Quite a big component" }; for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
Button button = new Button(captions[i-1]); button.setWidth("100%"); layout.addComponent(button);
// Have uniform 1:1:1 expand ratio. layout.setExpandRatio(button, 1.0f);
}
As the example used the same ratio for all components, the ones with more content may have the content cut. Below, we use differing ratios:
// Expand ratios for the components are 1:2:3. layout.setExpandRatio(button, i * 1.0f);
If the size of the expanding components is defined as a percentage (typically "100%"), the ratio is calculated from the overall space available for the relatively sized components. For example, if you have a 100 pixels wide layout with two cells with 1.0 and 4.0 respective expansion ratios, and both the components in the layout are set as setWidth("100%"), the cells will have respective widths of 20 and 80 pixels, regardless of the minimum size of the components.
However, if the size of the contained components is undefined or fixed, the expansion ratio is of the excess available space. In this case, it is the excess space that expands, not the components.
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
// Button with undefined size.
Button button = new Button(captions[i - 1]);
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