Грамматический материал, вынесенный на самостоятельное изучение

THE NOUNS

The Singular and the Plural

Единственное и множественное число существительных

1

hat – hats boy – boys city - cities

bus – buses box – boxes brush - brushes

glass – glasses bench – benches match - matches

2

hero – heroes potato – potatoes volcano – volcanoes tomato – tomatoes echo - echoes

но

piano – pianos photo – photos stereo – stereos kilo – kilos radio - radios

3

thief – thieves leaf – leaves knife – knives life – lives wife – wives shelf – shelves wolf – wolves half - halves

но

roof – roofs belief – beliefs chief – chiefs proof – proofs serf – serfs safe - safes

4

basis – bases crisis – crises thesis – theses phenomenon – phenomena criterion – criteria

datum – data formula – formulae/formulas memorandum – memoranda/memorandums

5

man – men woman – women foot – feet tooth - teeth

goose – geese mouse – mice louse – lice

ox – oxen child – children

6

deer – deer sheep – sheep swine – swine aircraft – aircraft means series crossroads species works (factory)

fish – fish (fishes = kinds of fish) fruit – fruit (fruits = kinds of fruit) one aircraft, two aircraft a means of transport – various means of transport a television series – many television series this crossroads – these crossroads a species of birds – different species of birds The steel works has/have closed down.

7a

Только в единственном числе
linen furniture knowledge advice luggage permission death rubbish	money business information trouble accommodation luck equipment jewellery	progress traffic hair scenery wood weather sand damage	work food sugar beef spaghetti macaroni music (but: a piece of music) bread (but: a loaf of bread)	justice chaos machinery behavior evidence research

7b

news; mumps; measles economics, mathematics, physics, statistics billiards, dominoes, darts, bowls gymnastics, athletics politics, tactics, optics

8

Только во множественном числе
sights goods sweets arms оружие holidays	riches people police contents customs (таможня)	savings outskirts slums wages earnings stairs	scissors spectacles opera-glasses binoculars lodgings races (скачки)	poultry gentry cattle congra-tulations surround-dings authorities	clothes trousers jeans shorts tights pajamas
These clothes are expensive. Where are the scissors? – They are in the table.				a pair of trousers two pairs of trousers

9

Как в единственном, так и во множественном числе:
family team group staff	crowd jury public army	congress government committee media	majority minority audience company

10

Составные существительные
brother-in-law forget-me-not merry-go-round но: man (woman)-driver	brothers-in-law forget-me-nots merry-go-rounds men (woman)-drivers

Единственным сохранившимся в английском языке падежом существительных, образуемых при помощи окончания, является так называемый Притяжательный падеж (Possessive Case). Во всех других случаях существительное находится в общем падеже (Common Case), имеющем нулевое окончание.