8. Письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is work-related stress?

2. What can cause work stress?

3. What can excessive and unmanageable demands and pressures be caused by?

Вариант II

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, име­ющие окончание -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой ча­стью речи являются эти слова и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In primitive societies people believed that the soul takes leave of the body during sleep and actually visits the scenes of the dreams

2. According to Sigmund Freud's psychological theory, aggressive energy builds up inside people.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните их и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Some dreams are more vivid than others.

2. That was the least difficult case in his practice.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркни­те неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения. Переведите предложе­ния на русский язык.

1. No child enters life as a criminal.

2. Some people dream every night, others but very occasionally.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Пере­ведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The views of Sigmund Freud on aggression were much influenced by the wholesale human slaughter of the First World War, in which millions of people were killed.

2. People differ very much in the frequency of their dreams.

3. People suffering from amnesia fail to recognize people they have met several times before.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Many people living in large cities or near airports find that noise is a major source of stress in their everyday lives.

2. All the questions discussed at our seminar last week were very important for us.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на рус­ский язык.

1. Those who cannot read or write have to remember things.

2. We are able to resolve this problem as soon as possible.

3. Programmes for the primary school mustn't be either too easy or too difficult.

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письмен­но переведите 1, 2 и 4 абзацы текста.

Resources for managing work stress

There are a number of ways by which the risk of work stress can be reduced:

• through ergonomics, work and environmental design, organizational and management development,

• through worker education and training,

• by: developing more sensitive and responsive management systems and enhanced occupational health provision.

A good employer designs and manages work in a way that avoids common risk factors for stress and prevents as much as possible foreseeable problems. He should carefully consider the systems that they have in place for assessing, preventing and otherwise managing work stress.

Internal resources may include occupational health services, human resource management (personnel), training departments or other individuals with responsibility for staff well-being and health. Individual problems which are complex, difficult and not manageable internally are best dealt with by a counseling psychologist, clinical psychologist, counselor, or an occupational physician who may consult with a general practitioner or other specialist functions as deemed necessary.

Work stress is a real challenge for workers and their employing organizations. As organizations and their working environment transform, so do the kinds of stress problems that employees may face. It is important that your workplace is being continuously monitored for stress problems. Further, it is not only important to identify stress problems and to deal with them but to promote healthy work and reduce harmful aspects of work. Work in itself can be a self-promoting activity as long as it takes place in a safe, development- and health-promoting environment.