Вариант V

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, име­ющие окончание -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой ча­стью речи являются эти слова и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, т. е. служит ли оно

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Darwin's theory of evolution implied that things which exist today have not always existed in the same form.

2. That survey reveals that the prime interest of adults is health.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните их и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Solitude is the best society for artists.

2. His work is not so large as yours, but it is better and more interesting.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркни­те неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения. Переведите предложе­ния на русский язык.

1. No person possesses the right to interfere in the private life of any other person.

2. Some people find it difficult to change their patterns of thinking, especially if their methods have previously been rewarding.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Пере­ведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Psychologists have formulated a number of theories about how learning takes place and have performed a great deal of research with humans and animals in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the process.

2. A psychologist chooses his methods by examining the problem first and then selecting the technique which seems to be the most suitable.

3. Learning is accomplished more effectively if the material is meaningful to the student.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуе­мого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When left the house, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend.

2. While studying motivation, the psychologists divided the drives into several groups.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на рус­ский язык.

1. Psychology may be defined as the scientific study of the behaviour of man and other animals.

2. Nobody is allowed to conduct this experiment.

3. The students had to work hard to pass he exam on Psychology.

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письмен­но переведите 1, 2 и 4 абзацы текста.

Rehabilitation

The post war era brought new hope in many areas of life, including the penal system. Economic growth was accompanied by an optimistic view of life and, at the same time, major advances were made by the social sciences in understanding human behavior and social interaction. These influences reached into the closed prison system but were also the predominant force behind the development of alternative methods of dealing with offenders.

The use of probation and parole came into their own as viable alternatives to incarceration. As mentioned, however, the major change that occurred was again in the prison setting where the social science influence resulted in the development of treatment programs in support of “rehabilitative ideals.” These efforts were extensive and buoyed up by the optimism that human behavior and attitudes could be changed, if only enough of the right treatment was provided.

Two major problems plagued these efforts. One was that the prison setting itself was so overwhelmingly negative that it was hardly the environment in which rehabilitation could effectively occur. Secondly, the treatment modalities (размер, способ, образ) were essentially paternalistic, making the offender the object, rather than the subject, of treatment.

While such treatment activities continue to some degree at present and are useful in many respects, they can no longer be held up as the means by which offenders will be rehabilitated and returned “whole” to society upon release from custody. The rehabilitative notion as the major focus of prison programs has therefore been largely abandoned and in an age of fiscal restraint is unlikely to be resurrected. In any case, practitioners agree that the best prospects for rehabilitation will occur in the context of community based programs.