- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Удк 802:62(075.8)
- •П р е д и с л о в и е
- •Part I. Highway construction road
- •Vocabulary notes
- •From the history of roads
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Road engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building a road
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Impact on society
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Problems of safety
- •Cars: passion or problem
- •Components of the automobile
- •Making a car panel
- •Finding a fault in a car
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Modern buses
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Motor companies
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Ford motor company
- •Vocabulary notes
- •General motors company
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Chrysler
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Modern transportation vehicles and systems
- •Vocabulary notes
- •A car cooling system
- •Fuel warning light
- •Test II
- •Part II. Housing construction engineering
- •Engineering as a profession
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Types of engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Civil engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building materials cement
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •General properties of clay bricks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Concrete
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Requirements for concrete quality
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Admixtures for concrete
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Gas concrete
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The structural use of plastics in building
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Prestressed concrete structures structures
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Reasons for prestressing
- •Principles of prestressing
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Systems and methods of prestressing
- •Vocabulary notes
- •How prestressed concrete works
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Prestressed beams, arch beams, slabs and shells
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building industry
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building houses
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Foundations
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Brickmaking
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Bricklaying
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Partition walling
- •The new look in buildings
- •Vocabulary notes
- •High-rise building
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Glass-walled skyscaper
- •26-Storey blocks at wyndford, glasgow
- •National theatre of japan
- •Round tower in sydney’s australia square
- •Scotland’s largest supermarket
- •Modern bridge designs
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Test II
- •Part III. Texts for supplementary reading National and international highway systems
- •In search of smoother roads
- •Concrete protection
- •Innovative backfill for bridge
- •Germany’s highway vision
- •Forming a tunnel
- •Bridge or Tunnel?
- •Prestressed concrete runways and concrete pavements
- •Bridge at Kirchkein, Germany
- •The George Washington Bridge bus terminal, New York
- •Constructing a skyscraper
- •Eastbourne’s new Congress Theatre
- •Diaphragm walls
- •Thin diaphragm cut-off walls
- •The scope of civil engineering.
- •Why “civil” engineer?
- •Vocabulary part I
- •Part II
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
- •Пособие по английскому языку
Vocabulary notes
admixture примесь; добавка
aggregate заполнитель
bubble пузырёк; раковина (в металле)
degree степень; градус
to assume принимать на себя; допускать
entrainment погружение; проникновение
cohesive способный к сцеплению; связующий
to thaw таять
scaling образование окалины; отслаивание
to occur случаться, происходить
lean скудный
additive присадка; добавка
retarder замедлитель
to prevent предотвращать; предохранять
to result in иметь результатом
to result from происходить в результате, проистекать
EXERCISES
I. Translate into Russian:
1. Water-reducing admixtures can be used for achieving the desired effects.
2. This admixture improves one property of concrete only.
3. It permits an essential reduction in water requirement.
4. These materials have generally been treated by an alkali.
5. Increase the cement content of the mix!
6. It makes the mix more workable.
7. In some mixes air entrainment will reduce the strength.
8. These materials usually retard the setting of the concrete.
II. Answer the questions:
1. Speak about the limitations in using admixtures for concrete.
2. Which are the two basic groups of admixtures?
3. Which are the effects of air entrainment?
4. Name some materials used as air-entraining agents.
5. Describe some disadvantages of air entrainment.
6. What effect do water-reducing admixtures have?
III. Translate the text into Russian in written form and make a back translation orally.
Gas concrete
Lime and silica are ground together to very fine limits. The siliceous material can vary considerably in its composition. Much use is made of such waste materials as fly ash from power stations, shale ash, blast furnace slag, as well as natural pozzolana, pumice, etc.
The degree of foaming in the gas concrete, and thus its specific gravity, is determined by the amount of alumina powder or other agent added. The practical limits of the final density are between 13 and 90 lb. per cu ft. If the gas concrete is allowed to harden on its own, it usually takes about three weeks before the final strength is achieved. It is more customary to accelerate the setting of the gas concrete by steam hardening it in autoclaves with superheated steam at about 140 lb. per sq. in. The steam hardening process takes about 15–20 hr.
Gas concrete can be used as thermally insulating floor screeds or as an additional thermally insulating layer on top of a concrete roof.
The density of the gas concrete mix can be varied according to the degree of thermal insulation required, but at the same time it must not be forgotten that the lower density grades, that have the highest degree of insulation, are also the softest.
Air-cured gas concrete can be used for the manufacture of special components for the refrigeration industry. Such blocks are cast to special dimensions.
Gas concrete can be cast horizontally to form room-sized outer wall units. It is possible to incorporate electric conduit pipes, piping for the cold and hot water systems and also drainage pipes. The units usually include windows and doors, and are reinforced by embedding steel mesh in the mix.
Cast gas concrete is often used as the thermally insulating layer in “sandwich wall” units.
Gas concrete is often used as a thermally insulating layer when casting buildings by a continuous casting technique.