- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Удк 802:62(075.8)
- •П р е д и с л о в и е
- •Part I. Highway construction road
- •Vocabulary notes
- •From the history of roads
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Road engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building a road
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Impact on society
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Problems of safety
- •Cars: passion or problem
- •Components of the automobile
- •Making a car panel
- •Finding a fault in a car
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Modern buses
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Motor companies
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Ford motor company
- •Vocabulary notes
- •General motors company
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Chrysler
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Modern transportation vehicles and systems
- •Vocabulary notes
- •A car cooling system
- •Fuel warning light
- •Test II
- •Part II. Housing construction engineering
- •Engineering as a profession
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Types of engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Civil engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building materials cement
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary notes
- •General properties of clay bricks
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Concrete
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Requirements for concrete quality
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Admixtures for concrete
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Gas concrete
- •Vocabulary notes
- •The structural use of plastics in building
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Prestressed concrete structures structures
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Reasons for prestressing
- •Principles of prestressing
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Systems and methods of prestressing
- •Vocabulary notes
- •How prestressed concrete works
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Prestressed beams, arch beams, slabs and shells
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building industry
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Building houses
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Foundations
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Brickmaking
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Bricklaying
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Partition walling
- •The new look in buildings
- •Vocabulary notes
- •High-rise building
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Glass-walled skyscaper
- •26-Storey blocks at wyndford, glasgow
- •National theatre of japan
- •Round tower in sydney’s australia square
- •Scotland’s largest supermarket
- •Modern bridge designs
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Test II
- •Part III. Texts for supplementary reading National and international highway systems
- •In search of smoother roads
- •Concrete protection
- •Innovative backfill for bridge
- •Germany’s highway vision
- •Forming a tunnel
- •Bridge or Tunnel?
- •Prestressed concrete runways and concrete pavements
- •Bridge at Kirchkein, Germany
- •The George Washington Bridge bus terminal, New York
- •Constructing a skyscraper
- •Eastbourne’s new Congress Theatre
- •Diaphragm walls
- •Thin diaphragm cut-off walls
- •The scope of civil engineering.
- •Why “civil” engineer?
- •Vocabulary part I
- •Part II
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
- •Пособие по английскому языку
Vocabulary notes
beam bridge балочный мост
cantilever bridge консольный мост
cable-stay bridge вантовый мост
suspension bridge висячий мост
bascule bridge раскрывающийся мост
draw bridge натяжной мост
trestle bridge эстакадный мост
lattice решётка
bowed shape дугообразная форма
abutment опора
EXERCISES
I. Read the text and answer the questions:
1. What are the basic types of modern bridges?
2. When did the era of modern bridge building begin?
3. Where are the movable bridges constructed?
4. What are the main types of movable bridges?
5. What types of military bridges can you name?
6. Where have permanent pontoon bridges been built?
7. How are they composed?
II. Make up a brief summary of the text using questions of ex. I as a plan.
III. Make up reports about the oldest and most famous bridges.
TEST I
I. Give the Russian for:
mortar
durability
to meet industrial requirements
equipment
research engineer
strength of material
solid mechanics
mold
pouring
scaffolding
to bend
brickwork
carpenter
span
construction site
II. Translate into Russian:
1. The properties of the concrete mix depend on the activity of the binding materials.
2. To reinforce ordinary concrete structures is to introduce steel rods in stretched zones of concrete elements.
3. Portland cement is manufactured by burning shale and limestone; aggregates such as sand and crushed stone can be easily obtained.
4. The importance of piled foundations in building and industrial construction as well as in civil engineering has increased considerably over recent years.
5. Concrete beams, floors, roofs, and wall panels may be precast for many types of structures.
6. Being brittle, concrete cannot withstand tensile stresses, and it cannot therefore be used in structures subjected to tensile stresses under load.
7. Construction of the bridge is divided into four elements: the pylon, the back span, the anchor beam and the deck.
8. The purpose of foundation is to carry the load of structure and spread it over a greater area, evenly and without undue settlement, to the ground beneath.
9. Selection of the cement alone doesn’t ensure concrete with the properties desired, which depend also on the choice of aggregates and mixes, the control of the quality of water added to the mix, and on a series of other factors.
10. Various methods of constructing reinforced concrete houses involve extensive use of large sections manufactured in heavily mechanized factories and erected at the site.
Test II
I. Give the Russian for:
to insulate
water supply
tensile stress
curing
shrinkage
prestressed concrete
cracking
beam
bearing structure
cast in-site concrete
reinforcement
bar
density
dead load
binding materials
II. Translate into Russian:
1. Depending on the method of production, piles can be divided into two main types: cast in-situ concrete piles and prefabricated piles.
2. Concrete beams, floors, roofs and wall panels may be precast for many types of structures.
3. The floor beam may be sufficiently strong to carry the load on it, but its deflection may be so great that a plastered ceiling wold crack or the floor would vibrate.
4. The proper thickness for bearing walls depend on the loads and are determined by the safe stress allowed per square inch on the brickwork.
5. Brick basement walls should be at least as thick as the walls above them and never less than 12 in.
6. Until recent years there was a tendency to consider reinforced concrete as a method of construction suited to massive structures.
7. Buildings of reinforced concrete may be constructed with load-bearing walls or with skeleton frame.
8. If the weight of any building exceeds the bearing resistance of the material, either soil or rock on which it rests, the material will give way and the building will sink.
9. The foundations are spread out to distribute the load over the bed so that the safe bearing power of the bed per square foot is not exceeded.
10. Common bricks are very little used at the present time because they do not withstand the moisture and frost as well as stone or concrete.