- •4 A/anand one
- •5 A little/a few and little/few
- •E a fear/fears,a hope/hopes,a suspicion/suspicions
- •H elder, eldest; older, oldest
- •Many and much
- •Sense: clever,foolish,idiotic*,intelligent,sensible,silly,stupid.
- •Due, due to, owing to, certain, sure, bound, confident
- •Afraid (of), ashamed (of), sorry (for or about)
- •Far, farther/farthest and further/furthest
- •Much, more, most
- •Somehow,anyhow
- •Somehow,anyhow
- •Away, everywhere, here, nowhere, somewhere, there etc.
- •Always, continually, frequently,occasionally,often, once,twice,periodically,repeatedly, sometimes, usuallyetc.
- •D never, ever
- •Fairly and rather
- •Hardly, scarcely, barely
- •5 All, each, every, both, neither, either, some, any, no, none
- •Neither, either
- •Neither . . . Nor, either ... Or
- •51 Someone, somebody, something,anyone, anybody,anything,no one, nobody,nothing
- •Someone/somebody/something,anyone/anybody/anything,noone/nobody/nothing, everyone/everybody/everything and the adverbs somewhere, anywhere, nowhere,everywhere can be followed by else:
- •One . . . Another/other (s), some . . . Other (s)
- •One another and each other
- •Who,whom
- •Which,what
- •Use of they/them/theirwith neither/either, someone/everyone/no one etc.
- •A These are: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
- •Defining relative clauses
- •Relative pronouns used in defining relative clauses The forms are as follows:
- •85 Whoever, whichever, whatever,whenever, wherever, however
- •Whoever,whichever, whatever,whenever, wherever, however
- •By, before
- •On time,intime,ingoodtime
- •On arrival,onarriving,onreaching,ongettingto
- •At the beginning/end, in the beginning/end, at first/at last
- •91 Time: from, since, for, during a from, since and for
- •B during and for
- •To and till/until
- •At, in; in, into; on, onto
- •In and into
- •On and onto
- •Above, over, under, below,beneath etc.
- •D beside, between,behind,in front of, opposite
- •The most important of these are above, about, across,along,before, behind,below, besides, by, down, in, near, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, under, up:
- •Am,is, are,have,had,will and would
- •11 Be, have, do
- •There is/are, there was/wereetc.
- •Can/amable,could/wasableA can and beable
- •Have to
- •15 Must,have,willandshould
- •Interrogative
- •Ifandincase
- •Agree that . . . Expresses anopinion.
- •A assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand
- •A can,do, may, must,shall,will:
- •С feel, hear, see and watch:
- •1 With appear, happen,pretend,seem
- •D advise,allow,permit,recommend Eitneeds/requires/wants
- •D With advise,allow,permit,recommend
- •Regret,remember, forget
- •Go on, stop,try,used(to)
- •A catch/find:
- •Go, come, spend, waste,be busy a goand come
- •Speak to etc.:
- •В will/would you* (please):
- •В will/would/could you? would youliketo?
- •С if I were you I should/would:
- •29 Care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish
- •294 Care and like
- •В wouldcare andwouldlike
- •By would enjoy:
- •297 Wouldrather/soonerandprefer/would prefer
- •Wish,want andwouldlike
- •В let him/them
- •С let there be
- •Must andneedn't
- •Must not
- •С needn't
- •Besides, however,nevertheless, otherwise,so,therefore, still,yet, though
- •For and because
- •As meaningwhen/whileorbecause/since
- •As, when,whileusedto meanalthough,but,seeingthat
- •337 Incase andlest a in case
- •Be goingto:
- •These papers
- •Child up)
By would enjoy:
She would like/would enjoy riding if she could ride better. I wonder if Tom would care for/would enjoy hang-gliding. hate and prefer can be used similarly but are less common.
С When used in the present or past tenses, care for, like (= enjoy), love, hate and prefer are usually followed by the gerund: He doesn 't/didn 't care for dancing. They love/loved wind-surfing. He prefers/preferred walking to cycling.
But the infinitive is not impossible and is particularly common in American English:
They love/lovedto run onthesands.
D Note however that like can also mean 'think wise or right', and is then always followed by the infinitive:
She likes them to play in the garden. (She thinks they are safe there.)
/ like to go to the dentist twice a year. (I think this wise.) Compare this with / like going to the dentist, which implies that I enjoy my visits. Similarly I don't like to go = 'I don't think it right to go' while / don't like going = 'I don't enjoy going'.
Notice also another difference between these two negative forms. / don't like to go usually means 'I don't go' (because I don't think it right). / don't like going usually means 'I go, although I don't enjoy it'. Similarly / didn't like to open the letter means 'I didn't open it because I didn't think it right to do so' but / didn't like opening the letter means 'I opened it reluctantly'.
E enjoy and dislike are always followed by noun/pronoun or gerund.
296 would like and want
A Sometimes either would like or want can be used:
In requests and questions about requests (but would not like is not used here: see Bl below): CUSTOMER: I'd like some raspberries, please or / want some raspberries, please. GREENGROCER: I'm afraid I haven't any. Would you like some strawberries?
CUSTOMER: No, I don't want any strawberries, thanks, (wouldn't like is not possible.) I would like is usually more polite than I want.
would you like? is much more polite and helpful than do you want? would you like? can imply a willingness to satisfy the other person's wishes, do you want? doesn't imply this. Someone dealing with a customer or client, therefore, will normally use would you like?:
CALLER: I'dliketo/Iwant to speak to MrX,please. TELEPHONIST: MrXisout.Wouldyouliketo speak to MrY?
When we are not making requests, but merely talking about our wishes, we can use either would like or want in affirmative, interrogative or negative. There is no difference in meaning, though / want usually sounds more confident than / would like and / want is not normally used for unrealizable wishes:
/ would liketo liveon Mars.
В would like and want are not interchangeable in the following uses:
1 In invitations we use would you like? not do you want?
Would you like a cup of coffee? Would you like to come to the theatre? do you want? used here would be a question only, not an invitation.
2 wouldn't like and don't want are different.
don't want = 'have no wish for', but wouldn't like = 'would dislike'.
wouldn't like cannot therefore be used in answer to invitations or offers, as it would be impolite. Instead we use don't want or some other form:
Would youlikesomemorecoffee? ~ No, Idon't want any more, thanksor No,thanks.
С In the past the two forms behave differently. In indirect speech want becomes wanted, but would like
remains unchanged:
Tom said,'Iwould like/want to seeit'= Tom said hewould like/wanted to seeit.
But if we don't use a reported speech construction we have to say Tom wanted to see it. (We cannot use would like here, as Tom would like to see it has a present or future meaning.)
D would like has two past forms: would like + perfect infinitive or would have liked + infinitive/noun/pronoun. These forms express unrealized wishes only:
I'dliketo have goneskiingor
I'd have liked a day's skiing. (But I didn't get my wish.)