- •The mother of all russian towns
- •2. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •5. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following words from the text above. Find the appropriate synonyms for the words:
- •The invasion of khan batu
- •St.Sophia cathedral
- •2. Comprehension check.
- •4. Search each numbered paragraph (Para) of the text for the appropriate English equivalents of the Ukrainian words and expressions:
- •5. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •9. Explain the contextual meaning of the words in bold and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Храм премудрості божої
- •11. Explain the contextual meaning of the words in bold and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Софійський собор
- •The lower lavra Plan of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve
- •2. Comment on the following:
- •4. Search each numbered paragraph (Para) of the text for the appropriate English equivalents of the Ukrainian words and expressions:
- •Києво-Печерський державний заповідник.
- •Київо-печерська лавра
- •The Babyn Yar
- •5. Explain the contextual meaning of the words in bold and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Бабин яр
- •The babyn yar
- •Kyiv university
- •Історія Київського університету
- •Monument to taras shevchenko
- •St. Volodymyr cathedral
- •The Golden Gate
- •2. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following words from the text above. Find the appropriate synonyms for the words:
- •The monument to prince volodymyr svyatoslavych
- •Пам'ятник володимиру
- •My thrill on Volodymyr's Hill
- •5. Make these requests and suggestions more polite. Begin with If you would ....
- •St.Michael of the Golden Domes
- •3. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following words from the text above. Find the appropriate synonyms for the words:
- •Михайлівський златоверхий собор
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Monument to princess olga
- •1). Пам'ятник княгині ользі
- •St. Andrew church
- •Андріївський узвіз
- •If they get married ...
- •Андріївська церква
- •If he hadn’t worked so hard, he wouldn’t have passed his exams. If he hadn’t passed his exams, he wouldn’t have gone to university. If he hadn’t gone to university, ...
- •8. Projects
- •Self-study box
- •Архітектурна композиція
- •1). Пам'ятник богдану хмельницькому
- •2). Музей iм. Пирогова
- •3). Арка братерства
- •Princess Olga, the ruthless regent of Rus
- •4. Translate the text into Ukrainian. Tithe church
2. What do the following numbers refer to?
1037 882 (1019-1054) 9th-11th centuries
3. Transcribe the following words to avoid possible mispronunciation and miscommunication in future:
route, merchants, seize, rival, fraternal, conversion, duke, Byzantium, Byzantine, artisans, carpenters, jewellers, lively, moor, quarters, occupy, solely, the Caucasus, surpass, dynastic, allegedly, warriors, feudal, internecine strife, authority, weaken.
4. Find the English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
назвати на честь старшого брата; на честь молодшого; на місці сучасного Києва; плем’я; фортеця; наполегливо працювати(займатися ремеслами); водний шлях; шлях із варягів у греки; Візантія, візантійський; перетворитися на політичний, економічний, адміністративний та торгівельний центр; об’єднання східних слов’ян; літопис; виманити із; середньовічна Європа; колиска трьох братніх народів; сприяти розквіту торгівлі; прийняття християнства; здобути могутність; великий князь; маєток; перевершувати; привозити свої товари; купці; ремісники: ковалі, гончари, дубильники, тесляри, столяри та ювеліри; далеко за межами; кидати якір; на товар був попит; кораблі причалювали у гирлі річки Почайни; розкопки; зберігати стародавнє ім’я; встановити династичні зв’язки; нібито; вояки; вибух (напад) гніву; залицятися до; боротьба за об’єднання; мирянин; феодальний; прикладне мистецтво; призводити до розпаду на окремі князівства.
5. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following words from the text above. Find the appropriate synonyms for the words:
Unification, favour, rivalry, trick out, stronghold, seize, principality, fraternal, gain strength, the conversion to Christianity, edifice, inhabit, surpass, be fortified, warriors, masterpiece, internecine strife, undermine.
6. Read the text, translate it into Ukrainian. Have a discussion with your partner about Russia and the Mongol-Tatar invasion in 13th century, about its consequences.
The invasion of khan batu
In the early thirties of the 13th century Russia was invaded by Mongol-Tatar hordes. In December 1240 the Mongol-Tatar forces led by Khan Batu besieged Kyiv. Batu's army was claimed to be so great that the noise made by the creaking waggons, neighing horses and bellowing camels drowned the sound of people's voices inside the city walls. Kyiv offered a fierce resistance but the superior forces of the enemy broke through the defences. The Church of the Tithes was the last stronghold of the townsfolk. In an effort to save themselves they fortified its walls, and the women, children and old people sought refuge inside the Church, particularly in the gallery of the building. The weight of the people was so great that the Church collapsed burying beneath its ruins the last of Kyiv's defenders.
The Mongol-Tatars burned down the greater part of the city and destroyed most of its churches and palaces. Kyiv, whose fame had grown through the ages, was laid waste within a few days. On Mount Staro-Kyivska nothing but charred ruins were left standing among the weeds. It was only by a miracle that such buildings as the Cathedral of St. Sophia, St. Michael's Monastery and the Golden Gate survived the invasion half-ruined.
The staunch, heroic resistance of Kyiv and other Russian towns weakened the conquerors and prevented the Mongol-Tatars from over-running the whole of Europe. By repelling the main attack of the Mongol-Tatar hordes Rus saved the western countries from ruin and devastation.
The Mongol-Tatars ruled Kyiv for more than a century. Gradually the town resumed its everyday life. Houses were rebuilt, people returned to their daily occupations; crafts, trade and agriculture were revived.
7. Find the English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
осаджувати Київ; шум від скрипучих возів, іржачих коней, рикаючих верблюдів; обуглені руїни; стійкий героїчний опір; відбивати головний напад.
8. Explain the meanings and give the context of the following words from the text above. Find the appropriate synonyms for the words:
Invade, besiege, claim, fierce, fame, stronghold, fortify, refuge, collapse, destroy, staunch, repel, resume, devastation, revive.
9. Transcribe the following words to avoid possible mispronunciation and miscommunication in future:
Khan Batu, besiege, fierce, refuge, survive, charred ruins, staunch, occupations, resume, devastation, revive.
Role-play.
You are with foreign tourists in Podil. Tell them about the history of ancient Kyiv Rus.
St. Sophia Cathedral
1. Read the text carefully. Make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions.