1. Answer the questions on the text:

1. How can motivated behaviour be defined?

2. How does motivated behaviour differ from behaviour that is directly connected to an emotion?

3. What is the role of primary drives of any organism?

4. What is the difference between motives and incentives?

5. What is the reaction of individuals to different situations?

6. When do we deal with the social motivation?

7. In what way do our cognitive processes depend on information?

8. Do Heider's and Festinger's theories have anything in common?

2. Fill in the blank with the vocabulary word that best fits the meaning of each sentence:

1. The colonial government could no longer ignore the political ... of the local people.

2. Inspired by what she had said, he attacked the problem with renewed ....

3. You must ... yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.

4. Our research has not shown us anything so far, so there is little ... to continue with it.

5. A confrontation was ... because they disliked each other so much.

6. His family can ... its his history back to the 10^lh century.

7. One sharp remark is enough ... him.

8. Once she has ... on doing it, you won't get her to change her mind.

9. The climbing of Mount Everest was an outstanding example of human ....

10. Your behaviour lacks ... — you say one thing and do another!

11. Large price increases could ... demands for even larger wage increases.

3. Confirm or deny the following statements. Make use of the following phrases:

That's it! Precisely. Very true. I fully (quite) agree with you. I'm afraid not. You are not quite right, I'm sorry to say it. Far from it.

1. Motivated behaviour is characteristic of human beings only.

2. Motivation is a complicated process.

3. Any motive consists of two components.

4. The environment doesn't influence satisfying our goals and needs.

5. According to Abraham Maslow's theory lower needs take precedence over the higher needs.

4. Substitute the definitions for the words taken from the text:

1. A reason for action, that urges a person to act in a certain way.

2. An important natural human need that must be fulfilled.

3. Balance of the mind, emotions, etc.

4. The one of the three parts of the mind that connects a person to the outside world, because it can think and act; conscious self.

5. Reading or finding the meaning of something difficult or secret, esp. a code.

6. The physical and social conditions in which people live, esp. as they influence their feelings and development.

7. A state of complete agreement (in feelings, ideas, etc.).

8. One's good opinion of one's own worth.

5. Search the text for the derivatives of the following nouns and verbs. Use them in word combinations:

motive, to persist, to fulfil, favour, to vary, to achieve, to deprive, to produce, to differ, to require, to vary, to behave.

6. Fill in the gaps in the following text with articles wherever necessary

Phenomena such as sex roles indicate sex roles indicate that much of … subject matter of … psychology is inherently social. Humans as, well as … many animals, are social creatures. To do full justice to their behaviour, psychology must study them not just alone but also in their interactions with … each other: bees in their swarms, lion in their prides, and humans in their various cultures. When it does this, psychology necessarily over laps with the various social sciences.

Some phenomena of social interaction involve … behavior of groups. Under some circumstances, people in crowds behave differently from … way they do when alone. … example is panic. When someone shouts “Fire” in … tightly packed auditorium, … resulting stampede may claim many more victims than … fire itself would have. At … turn of the century, … Chicago theater fire claimed over six hundred victims many of whom were smothered or trampled to death by … frantic mass behind them. In … world of … survivor, “… heel prints on … dead faces mutely testified to … cruel fact that human animals stricken by terror are as mad and ruthless as stampeding cattle”. … task for psychology is to try to understand why … crowd behaved differently from … way each of its members would have acted alone.