К таблице 8.8: Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите диалог на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов.

A: Where’s that book I gave you last week?

B: It must be somewhere here. … Strange isn’t it? I can’t find it. Where can I have put it?

A: Do find it. I simply must have it. You may have given it to somebody else, you know.

B: Oh, no. I can’t have done that. Wait a moment. It may be in that bookcase among my old books.

A: What’s that lying under the arm-chair over there? That must be it.

B: So it is! Well, who can have put it there?

Задание 2. Заполните пропуски глаголами can (could) или may (might). Предложения переведите.

1. It _____ all come nothing, you know. 2. The night was cloudy; nothing _____ be seen but the edge of the horizon. 3. You have walked on my flowerbed! Surely, you _____ be more careful and see where you walk. 4. He was well read, he had read everything he _____ borrow from the library or from his friends. 5. ______ you tell me the shortest way to the post-office, please? 6. This young man’s face looks very familiar. Oh, you _____ have seen him in some film. 7. He _____ think that I am too young to go to the party. 8. You _____ help me with this heavy suit-case.

Задание 3. Подберите английским предложениям соответствующие предложения на русском языке.

She must be at home now. His English is very poor, he should study better. I had to cook dinner after work. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? He was to make a report at the conference yesterday. There was to be an interesting concert at the concert hall last night. He is to come here at 6 o’clock. You needn’t get up early tomorrow. They must work better to pass their examinations. You must not run so fast. We have to do this work today, because we shall be busy tomorrow. You needn’t wait for him. He ought to help you. May be he ought to show his article to you first. Shall I send for the doctor? You oughtn’t to speak to your neighbors at the dinner. They shall come here at 12 o’clock.

Вам не следует его ждать. Вы должны сделать эту работу сегодня, т.к. завтра мы будем заняты. Должно быть она дома сейчас. Он плохо знает английский язык, ему следует больше работать. Мне пришлось готовить обед после работы. Придется ли вам рано вставать завтра? Вчера на конференции он должен быть сделать доклад. Вчера вечером в концертном зале должен был состояться интересный концерт. Он должен прийти сюда в 6 часов. Они должны лучше работать, чтоб сдать экзамен. Вам не нужно рано вставать завтра. Они обязательно придут сюда в 12 часов. m) Вам не следует так быстро бегать. n) Он должен помочь вам. о) Возможно, ему следует вначале показать статью вам. р) Я должна послать за доктором? q) Вам не следует разговаривать с соседями за обедом.

Задание 4А. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Прокомментируйте значения модальных глаголов.

1. “You may think you’re very old”, he said, “but you strike me as extremely young”.(Galsworthy).

2. That was like her – she had no foresight. Still – who knew? – She might be right. (Galsworthy).

3. You are to stay in bed until you are allowed to get up. (Du Maurier).

4. “I can’t explain it”, said Therese. “I can’t explain anything I did today.” (Heym).

5. And now I must go back to my social duties. (Voynich).

6. It’s murder and we ought to stop it (London).

7. You should be more careful. (London).

8. Dear Jim, I am to be shot at sunrise tomorrow. (Voynich).

9. I shall have to take the pupils into the hills, as usual, and see them settled there. (Voynich).

10. Shall I shut the door, ma’am? (Dickens).

11. You may laugh if you will but I was sure I should see her there. (E. Bronte).

12. He did not dare to meet his uncle.

13. How dare you go out by yourself after the orders I gave you? (Shaw).

14. You dare address me in that tone! (Shaw).

15. I am here. You needn’t be afraid. (Greene).

16. He did not need to be told twice.

17. “I can’t stand it any more, Emmy”, John said; “I won’t stand it; and you must come with me”. (Thackeray).

Задание 5. Вставьте на место пропусков “can”, “may” или “must”.

1. I … sharpen the pencils if you lend me your knife. 2. He told his secretary: “You … go home now if you like”. 3. The teacher told the class: “If you make a spelling mistake, you … write the correction three times”. 4. Mary … do her homework if her father doesn’t help her. 5. I said to my friend: “If I lend you my car, you … promise to drive it carefully”.

Задание 6. Употребив «may», «might», «must», выразите разную степень уверенности в совершении действия. Предложения переведите.

1. a) He … know grammar. But I can’t believe it. He makes too many mistakes.

b) He … know grammar. He is not bad pupil.

c) He … know grammar. He often helps his school-mates when they find difficulties with their exercises.

2. a) He … be a good painter, though I personally do not like his pictures.

b) He … be a good painter. Many people like his pictures.

c) He … be a good painter. So many people like his pictures and praise them highly.

Задание 7. Заполните пропуски, употребив глаголы «may» или «can».

1. He … have dinner now and then play in the yard. 2. Peter … do sums very well. …he held us? 3. … we play in the room? – No, you … not. 4. She … not open this window. It is very large. 5. … I see Vera now? – No, you … not. She is not in. 6. … I help you? – Yes, you …–… you wash the plates? – Certainly, I ….

Задание 8. Поставьте следующие предложения в прошедшее и будущее время.

1. I must get up early. 2. We have to take a taxi. 3. You may take my pencil.

4. What can I do for you? 5. You may go home. 6. He has to learn this poem by heart. 7. We must translate the text without a dictionary. 8. She can speak English quite well.

Задание 9. Переведите следующие предложения. Прокомментируйте значения модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. We must answer all the questions. 2. You can get there only by air. 3. You may help us with this translation. 4. You may smoke only in the smoking room. 5. He can swim not so well as his elder brother. 6. You are to say nothing about it to anyone. 7. This story should be interesting. 8. We were to meet at the entrance of the theatre at a quarter to eight. 9. The child is ill, he is not allowed to get up. 10. We ought to stop this murder. 11. I was to be there at five sharp. 12. In the museum you may see some interesting things.

Задание 10.Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами.

1. The doctor said, «The child is very ill. He………..be taken to the hospital at once.” 2. A man………help his parents when they become old. 3. There are no buses or taxis, so we………..walk. 4. Everybody ………learn a foreign language. 5. We………live without food and water. We………eat and drink. 6. I………get up early tomorrow, so I……go to bed late tonight. 7. You…….drive a car at night without lights. 8. Jon’s father told him that he…..ask silly questions. 9. Man…..live by bread alone. 10. The matter………be discussed in tomorrow’s debate. 11. You……….sit there in your wet clothes; you will catch cold if you do.

12. They…………do all the exercises; it will be sufficient if they do four of them.

13. You……….do whatever you like. 14. We………go away just yet; our train doesn’t leave for half an hour yet. 15. I……….read to the end of the story, because I want to see who gets the treasure. 16. Why……..I go? 17. She…….sing quite well. 18. The ice is quite thick. We………walk on it.

Задание 11.Выберите правильный модальный глаголов.

1. You will... speak Spanish in another few months.

A can C be able to

B have D ought

2. I'd like ... skate.

A to can C to have to

B to be able to D could

3. Nobody answers the phone. They... be out.

A should C can

B would D must

4. I'm sorry, I... have phoned to tell you I was coming.

A should to C had to

B ought to D could

5. To my mind, the government... take care of old people.

A ought C must

B need to D may

6. I... get up early on Mondays.

A am able C must

B have to D may

7. The policeman told the woman she... worry.

A needn't C couldn't

B needn't to D mustn't

8. ... you mind passing me the salt?

A will C could

B should D would

9. As you... remember, I was always interested in scientific-experiments

A may C must

B have to D ought to

10. Little children like books with large print. They... read them more easily.

A should C can

B must D have to

11. … I speak to Jane, please?

A could C must

B shall D ought

12. My dentist says I... eat so many sweets.

A needn't C ought not

B mustn't D shouldn't

13. - Why hasn't Mr. Grill got in touch with us? – I don't quite know. It ... be that he has lost our phone number.

A may C must

B ought to D should

14. – Liz seems to be avoiding you. – I can't tell you for certain. She ... have been hurt by my words about her boyfriend.

A should C might

B must D needn't