LESSON 10

Структура “to be going to do smth” (повторение). The Future Simple Tense. Использование the Present Simple Tense в значении будущего в придаточных предложениях времени и условия.

Text 1

Read the text and translate it without using a dictionary.

Travelling

People began to travel ages ago. The very first travellers were explorers who went on trips to find wealth, fame or something else. Their journeys were very dangerous but still people keep on going to the unknown lands.

Nowadays it is not as dangerous and much more convenient. Do you want to go somewhere? Hundreds of companies are there to help you. They will take care about your tickets and make all the reservations needed. You don’t speak the language of the country you go to? There are interpreters that will help you.

With modern services you can go around the world. You can choose the means of transport you like: plane, train, ship, bicycle or you can travel hiking.

Tourism became a very profitable business because people are ready to spend their money for the great opportunity to have a great time learning about new countries, going sightseeing, resting and enjoying themselves.

1.Who were the first travellers?

2.Were their journeys safe?

3.Why did they go on trip?

4.Is it more convenient to travel now?

5.What kinds of transport can you choose from?

6.Is tourism a profitable business? Why?

Text 2

Supply the sentences with the words in the box. Read the text and ask 7-10 questions on it.

station, time, ships, tickets (* 2), comfortable, carry, members, interesting, seaside, family, travelling, hikes, holidays, people, beforehand, off, short I like to travel. First of all, the members of our … usually have long walks in the country. Such walks are called … . If we want to see countryside we

have to spend a part of our summer … on hikes. During such hikes we see a lot of … places, sometimes we meet interesting… .

It’s useful for all … of our family. We take our rucksacks. We don’t think about …and there is no need to hurry up.

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As for me, it’s more … to travel by train and by plane. In summer it’s difficult to buy … for the train. That’s why we buy our tickets… . When I travel by plane, I don’t spend a lot of … going from one place to another. I like to fly. If I travel by train or by plane my friends see me … at the railway … or in the airport.

I like to travel by car. It’s interesting too, because you can see many things in a … time. When we go by car, we don’t take tickets. We put all things we need in a car. We don’t … them. Sometimes we go to the … for a few days. As usual the weather is warm and we can swim. It’s a pleasure to watch white … . So I can say that I enjoy all kinds of … very much.

1.Do you like to travel?

2.How do you like to travel?

3.Do you prefer to travel by sea or by plane?

4.Whom do you like to travel with?

5.Why do we buy tickets beforehand?

Text 3

What means of travelling do you prefer? Why? Now read the text about forms of travelling and retell it.

Forms of Travelling

People have travelled all over the world from the very beginning of their existence. In the remote past they only travelled on foot, but later they started to use donkeys, horses, camels, elephants, and even dogs for travel, depending on the place they lived in. In the course of time and the development of technology we now have many forms of travel. We can use bikes and motorbikes, cars, trains that travel under the ground and on the surface, aeroplanes, helicopters and ships. We can also go on foot! You have time to know places better and make friends with the people met on the way. If you want to cover very long distances in the shortest time, air travel is the best solution. It is a perfect way of travelling for politicians, businessmen, and of course holiday makers and those who live on other continents and want to visit their families occasionally.

During flights of more than one hour duration usually they serve a meal or refreshments, and one has the possibility to watch in flight movies or have a bird’s-eye view of the land over which he is flying. Quite an unforgettable experience!

Cars, trains, and buses are all quite common, you have a chance to get off wherever you want and spend day or more in places worth seeing.

When travelling by car you are independent. You can pack your whole family and all the holiday luggage such as water skis, boats, balls, clothes, tents etc. into the car and move from one place to another.

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You can see a lot, meet many friendly people, experience many adventures and find time for rest and leisure. If your car is in good working condition and you have money to pay for fuel you are free and happy to chase future adventures and teach the children how to fish, make an open fire, cook outdoors, put up a tent, and listen to the sounds of forests and lakes. When you are bored with this, you just move on!

You can also travel by ships. There are the cruise liners which are purpose built vessels for passenger transport. These ships can often be compared to floating cities: you can visit restaurants, cafes, discos and nightclubs, borrow books from the ship’s library, lie in the sun, swim in the swimming-pool, play deck games or dance in the night-clubs. These ships travel slowly and often stop for one or two days in exotic ports to enable the passengers to go sightseeing.

Modern means of transport make the world very small. It is possible to visit many countries, get familiar with many exotic cultures, and meet people of different nationalities. It is up to you what you choose: the cheap and slow travelling on foot or by bike or the more expensive but comfortable air flights or sea voyages.

***

Have you ever been at a hotel? Tell your friends about it.

At the Hotel

When you are through with the customs you go to a hotel. The desk-clerk will ask you to register. He will give you an arrival card which all guests must fill in. The guests’ passports are left behind at the desk for registration.

After all formalities are over the porter will show you up to your room. You will find notices everywhere, reminding “guests to leave their keys at the desk when going out”.

If there is any post for you the desk-clerk will let you have it with your keys.

In the lobby you usually find a special corner or room to write letters. First-class hotels supply their guests with hotel stationary free of charge.

Most hotels have snack bars and restaurants.

Many hotels have special weekly and monthly rates, so it is cheaper to pay by the week, or by the month than by the day (transient rates).

You will find rooms with and without bath, single rooms, double rooms. All the hotels have a special laundry service for their guests.

Guests must warn the clerk in advance of their check-out so that he could have the bill ready for them in time.

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ORAL PRACTICE

Read the following dialogues in pairs. Learn them by heart. Dialogue 1

What Time Is It?

(Bill and Fred are sharing a room on holiday. Kate is Fred’s sister.) Bill: It’s time to get up.

Fred: I’m so sleepy… What time is it? Bill: It’s eight.

Fred: All right. I’ll get up at ten past eight. (fifteen minutes later)

Bill: It’s a quarter past eight, Fred, and you are still in bed. Fred: All right… All right I’ll get up in ten minutes.

Bill: And when are you going to shave? Twenty-nine minutes past eight? Or perhaps twenty-nine minutes to nine?

Fred: Now you’re trying to be funny. I’ll be ready at a quarter to nine and at ten to nine we’ll begin breakfast.

Bill: We have very little time anyway. Kate’s coming at nine o’clock. Fred: Oh I’m sure she isn’t. She’s too lazy to get up before nine. She’ll be

at least one hour late.

Bill: She won’t be a minute late. She never is. Fred: You’ll see she will…

Kate (coming in): Good morning, boys! I’m sorry I’m a little too early. Oh, aren’t you ready yet? I’m so sorry… I’ll wait in the garden.

Dialogue 2

-Is this the booking office? I want two tickets in a sleeper on the Kiev express on Saturday.

-I am sorry, but we are all booked up for Saturday. I can give you a separate compartment on Sunday if you want.

-That’s an express train, isn’t it?

-Yes, it is.

-Two tickets then, one upper and one lower berth.

-O’kay. Here are your tickets. Have a good trip.

Dialogue 3

-Hurry up, Olga, please. We have got only five minutes before the train leaves. Go ahead, dear.

-All right. Here is our sleeping car. Let’s get in.

-Our seats are in the third compartment from the end. One is the lower, one is the upper. We are off in a minute. (The train pulls out slowly).

-I hope we run on time the whole way. I feel like taking a nap. (Надеюсь, мы будем идти точно по расписанию).

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-Ask the guard to bring in the bedding then, will you, dear? We can sleep a little and read for a while. (looking out of the window).

-We are moving rather fast, aren’t we? Are you comfortable, Olga?

-Quite. These new carriages are just wonderful.

Dialogue 4

At the Airport

Mr Robertson is seeing Mr Campbell off at the airport.

Campbell: Well, here we are. The plane takes off in about an hour, so we have a lot of time.

Robertson: I suppose you must register first and have your luggage weighed. Let me help you with your suitcase.

Campbell: Oh, never mind, thanks. The porter will take care of the suitcase, and I’ll carry the briefcase myself.

Mr Campbell and Mr Robertson walk over to the official who is registering passengers.

Campbell: How much weight can I take on board the plane?

Official: As you are flying toutist class, sir, the weight of your luggage must not exceed forty two pounds.

Campbell: Oh, I don’t think my things will weigh that much… See, it’s only forty one pounds. May I have my briefcase with me?

Official: Certainly. And now would you like to wait in the passangers room. You will hear your flight number and destination.

***

Practise the following according to the model. Model: It will rain tomorrow. – It’ll rain tomorrow.

1.I will get up early tomorrow. 2. He will pack his bags tomorrow night.

3.She will not finish her work next month. 4. They will arrive tomorrow afternoon. 5. We will not telephone you tomorrow evening. 6. You will see me again next week.

ADDITIONAL READING

Have you ever been to Japan? What do you know about this country? Read the text about the Japanese family and say if the Japanese family is different from the European one, prove your point. Find in the text the sentences with the Present Simple Tense in Adverbial Clauses of Condition with the Meaning of the Future.

The Japanese Family

Work plays a very important role in Japan. A Japanese says “I belong to my company”, not “I work for my company”. Because work is so important, a child, especially a boy, must work very hard indeed. He begins to study

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seriously as soon as he starts going to school, because if he doesn’t pass all his exams he can’t go to a good school. If he doesn’t go to a good school he can’t go to a good university – so he can’t get a good job that he needs! A Japanese mother usually helps her children so that they will pass their school exams. Because of this system Japanese children don’t have as much time to play as children in many other countries.

A lot of Japanese parents “arrange” marriages for their children. This is because they feel that marriage does not only affect the young couple, but it affects the whole family. They believe that it is important that the young couple have the same interests and that they come from the same social background. Sometimes parents go to a “matchmaker”. A matchmaker’s job is to find two similar young people and arrange for them to meet. If they like each other, a marriage is arranged for them.

ORAL PRACTICE Read the following dialogues and act them out.

1

-Excuse me, can you tell me where Bogdanovich Street is, please?

-Take the second turn on the left and then ask again.

-Is it far?

-No, it’s only about 5 minutes’ walk.

-Thanks a lot.

-Not at all.

2

-Does this bus go to the station?

-No, you’ll have to get off at the Department store and take a 47.

-Can you tell me where to get off?

-It’s the next stop but one.

-Thank you.

3

-Excuse me, I’m afraid I’m lost. Can you help me?

-Where do you want to go?

-I am to be in Independence Square at 3 o’clock. I’m short of time.

-Oh, yes. The quickest way to get there is by metro.

-Is there a metro station here?

-Yes, go straight as far as the park and there you’ll see the metro station.

-Thanks a lot.

4

-Excuse me, please, can you tell me the way to the Central Post Office?

-I’m sorry, I can’t. I’m a stranger here too. You’d better ask that policeman over there.

-Thanks just the same.

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5

-Excuse me, how can I get to the University?

-You’d better go by metro there.

-And where is the metro station?

-Go down the street two blocks straight ahead and you’ll see the station.

-Thank you very much.

-Not at all.

6

-Excuse me, am I on the right way to Yakub Kolas Square?

-Yes, go straight as far as the supermarket and then turn left.

-Is it far from here?

-Not very far but you can take a trolley-bus and it will take you just there.

-Thank you.

Exercise 1. Complete the following dialogues by using the words below.

1

-(1)...

-Yes?

-(2)... to the nearest chemist’s, please?

-(3)...?

-Do you know where the nearest chemist’s is?

-No, (4)... I’m a stranger around here. (5)... the policeman over there?

-Oh, yes. (6)...Thanks.

_________________________

I’m afraid not; Good idea; Pardon; Excuse me; Could you tell me the way; Why don’t you ask.

2

-Excuse me. Could you tell me (1)... the nearest post office, please?

-Yes, (2)... . Go down this street and ( 3) … at the traffic lights. Take

(4)... . That’s the road with a cinema on the comer. The post office is about a hundred metres along the road on the right (5)....

-So that’s left at the traffic lights, then second right. Thanks very much.

-(6)....

_________________________

the second on the right; just after a supermarket; how to get to; turn left; You’re welcome; of course.

3

-Hello, Mike. Why are you late?

-Sorry. You know, at (1)... the buses are (2)... .

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-Half an hour is left till the performance begins, How do we (3)... the theatre?

-We’d rather (4)... to Nemiga. It’ll (5)... us 10 minutes, not more.

-And from Nemiga we’ll (6)..., won’t we?

-Quite right. It’s not ...(7) from there.

_________________________

a far way; overcrowded; go by metro; walk; rush hours; get to; take.

4

-So, Vera, I ‘m waiting for you (1)... at 7.

-O.K. How can I get to your (2)...?

-(3)... ¹ 59 and go to the Central Market. There is a chemist’s just (4)...

there.

-I know it is in a 12 (5)... house.

-Quite right. Just (6)... this house there are two 5-storeyed houses, and I

(7)... at number 10.

-O.K., Ann. I’ll be at your place (8)... .

-See you soon.

_________________________

as we agreed; Take bus; at my place; across the bus stop; live; house; behind; storeyed

Exercise 2. Translate the following dialogues into English.

1

-Извините, как можно пройти до ближайшей почты?

-Насколько я знаю, здесь поблизости нет почты. Вам надо сесть на троллейбус ¹ 3 и проехать две остановки.

-А где здесь остановка троллейбуса?

-Вот там, на другой стороне улицы.

-Спасибо.

2

-Виктор, мы пойдем в бассейн сегодня?

-Конечно, как договорились.

-Где мы встретимся? Как обычно у станции метро?

-Нет, давай встретимся на остановке автобуса у твоего дома.

-Это там, где стоит газетный киоск?

-Да. В 5 часов встречаемся там.

3

-Извините, я правильно иду к театру оперы и балета?

-Да. Идите прямо по этой улице до светофора, а затем поверните направо.

-Это далеко отсюда?

-Нет, думаю не более 10 минут ходьбы.

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4

-Привет, Ольга. Давно не видела тебя. В чем дело?

-Мы переехали на новую квартиру в Сормово.

-О, это очень далеко. Как ты добираешься до университета?

-Никаких проблем. Я еду на метро, а потом на троллейбусе.

-Сколько времени тебе нужно, чтобы доехать до университета?

-Около 40 минут.

Car Driving and Traffic Regulations

I. With traffic congestion in big cities getting worse from year to year walking may soon become the surest way of getting to places. But even the pedestrian has to obey the traffic rules if he wants to get there safe and sound.

Here are some things to remember.

1.Obey the traffic lights. Don’t cross before the light turns green or the signal reads “walk”.

2.Don’t cross streets in the middle of a block.

3.The pedestrian walks on a sidewalk in the US, but on the pavement in Britain.

II. If you are out to hail a taxi cruising the streets look out for the lighted roof sign “taxi”. You may find it easier to pick up a cab at the taxi stand (rank). Passengers pay by the meter. In the United States there is an additional toll for bridges and tunnels on the way.

III. Those of you who will have to drive a car while travelling abroad should start by getting an international driving permit (licence) back home. Always keep your driving licence and registration papers on you.

1.Remember that motoring regulations (highway code) are strictly enforced. In the United States, as in Russia, you drive on the right. In Britain, Japan and several other countries you must keep to the left.

2.Parking in many cities can be a problem. Remember there are such things as “No Parking” signs, parking metres, and parking lots.

3.When parking your car never take up more space than necessary – stay within the lines of parking spaces – and do not park too close to other cars.

4.If you violate parking laws you are sure to find a “ticket” pasted on your windscreen. This is summons to appear in court. You may either send payment for your line by mail or pay your fine in person in court.

***

Read the dialogues and learn them. Make up similar dialogues.

1

-Excuse me, can you tell me where South Street is, please?

-Take the second turning on the left and then ask again.

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-Is it far?

-No, it’s only about five minutes’ walk.

-Many thanks.

2

-Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the station?

-Turn round and turn left at the traffic lights.

-Will it take me long to get there?

-No. It’s no distance at all.

-Thank you.

-That’s O.K.

3

-Excuse me, but I’m trying to find the Town Hall.

-Take the third on the right and go straight on.

-Should I take a bus?

-No, you can walk it under five minutes.

-Thank you very much indeed.

-That’s quite all right.

4

-Excuse me, please. Could you tell me how to get to the town centre?

-First right, second left. You can’t miss it.

-Is it too far to walk?

-No, it’s only a couple of hundred yards.

-Thanks very much.

-It’s a pleasure.

5

-Does this bus go to the station?

-No, you’ll have to get off at the bank and take a 192.

-Can you tell me where to get off?

-It’s the next stop.

6

-Am I O.K. for St Mary’s Church?

-No, we only go as far as the park, but you can walk from there.

-How much further is it?

-It’s quite a way yet, but I’ll tell you in good time.

7

-Is this the right bus for the Town Hall?

-No, you should have caught a 12. Jump out at the bridge and get one there.

-Could you tell me when we get there?

-It’s three stops after this one.

8

-Excuse me.

-Yes?

-Could you tell me the way to the hospital, please?

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-Yes, go along this street and turn right at the traffic lights. The hospital is on the left.

-Thank you.

-That’s O.K.

9

-Excuse me.

-Yes?

-Could you tell me how to get to the bank, please?

-Yes, of course. Go along this road as far as the traffic lights. Then turn left into the High Street and it’s on the right.

-Is it far?

-No, not very far.

-Thank you very much.

-You’re welcome.

10

-Excuse me, miss. Is this where the 33 bus stops?

-Well, several buses stop here. The 33 stops here too. Where do you want to go?

-I want to get to La Guardia Airport.

-The 33 will take you there.

-Thanks.

11

-Excuse me... I want to get to Palladium Theatre. Do I get off at the next stop?

-Well, what’s that stop? Oh no! You go farther. Two or three stops more. Oh ... wait a moment. You may get off here and take another route bus. It’ll be probably quicker.

-Yes. It surely is more convenient.

***

Read the conversations, answer the questions. Enact the conversations.

Conversation 1

Brian: Excuse me. Woman: Yes?

Brian: Sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to Castle Road, please?

Woman: I’m afraid I’ve no idea. I’m a stranger here myself. Brian: Oh, I see. Well, thank you anyway.

Woman: Sorry, I couldn’t help.

(He walks for a little while. He comes up to a taxi-driver.) Brian: Excuse me.

Taxi-driver: Yes? What is it?

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Brian: Could you tell me how to get to Castle Road, please? Taxi-driver: Castle Road? Let me think now ... Yes ... Go along this road

as far as Tesco’s – that’s a large supermarket. Then turn left and Castle Road is the first turning on the right.

Brian: I see. Straight on as far as the supermarket... then left... then right. Taxi-driver: Yes, that’s right.

Brian: It’s not too far from here, is it? Taxi-driver: Oh no, only a few minutes. Brian: Oh, good. Well, thank you very much. Taxi-driver: Not at all.

Conversation 2

Student: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to London University, please? Londoner: I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry. Ask the policeman over there. He

will be able to tell you.

Student: Where is the policeman? I can’t see him. Londoner: Over there, on the other side of the road.

Student: Oh, yes, I’ll go and ask him. Thank you very much. Could you tell me how to get to London University, please?

Policeman: London University? Go to Oxford Circus and then take a bus. You can’t get a bus direct from here.

Student: How do I get to Oxford Circus?

Policeman: Go straight along this street till you get to the traffic lights, turn right at the light, keep straight on a little way, then take the second turning on your left and that brings you to Oxford Circus. You can’t miss it.

Student: And what bus must I take when I get there? Policeman: The 73.

Student: And what stop must I go to?

Policeman: Goodge Street. Book to Goodge Street and ask the bus conductor to tell you when you get there.

Student: One more thing, how long will it take me to get to the University? Policeman: About half an hour, I think.

Student: I must hurry then. I mustn’t be late. Many thanks. (Later at Oxford Circus)

Student: Does the 73 bus stop here? Passer-by: No, you’re in the wrong queue. Student: Where does it stop, please? Passer-by: It stops just round the corner. Student: Thank you.

Passer-by: There’s a 73 coming now. If you hurry you’ll catch it. Student (to bus conductor): Does this bus go to Goodge Street? Bus Conductor: Goodge Street? Yes, that’s right.

Student: Would you tell me when I get there, please?

Bus Conductor: Yes, I’ll tell you. Jump on now. You’re holding up the queue.

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***

Translate:

1

-Извините, сэр. Здесь останавливается автобус ¹ 27?

-Да. Куда вы хотите проехать?

-В аэропорт.

-27 довезет вас туда.

-Спасибо.

2

-Извините, сэр, боюсь, что я заблудилась. Вы не можете мне помочь?

-Куда вам надо пройти?

-В гостиницу “Минск”.

-Это в пяти кварталах отсюда. Идите по этой улице до светофора. Вы видите его?

-Äà.

-Затем поверните налево у светофора, пройдите три квартала, и вы увидите гостиницу “Минск”.

-Спасибо.

-Не стоит благодарности.

3

-Простите, как доехать до Центрального Универмага?

-Садитесь на автобус 84 и езжайте до остановки “Центральный Универмаг”.

Óвас уйдет около двадцати минут. Попросите кого-нибудь ск˝азать вам, где выйти.

-Спасибо.

-Íå çà ÷òî.

4

-Простите, этот автобус идет до вокзала?

-Нет, вам нужен ¹ 31. Он довезет вас прямо до вокзала.

5

-Каким троллейбусом ты едешь на работу?

-Я не езжу троллейбусом. Сначала я еду на автобусе, а потом пересаживаюсь на метро.

6

-Вы не скажете, есть ли недалеко отсюда почта?

-В конце улицы.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 1. A) Make these sentences (a) interrogative, (b) negative.

1. He will arrive tomorrow morning. 2. It will snow tonight. 3. We will meet him next week. 4. She will come this evening. 5. I will go there next month. 6. They will see him again tomorrow afternoon.

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B) Change the following sentences according to the model using the Future Simple Tense.

Model: He went to Paris last year. – He will go to Paris next year.

1. He went to New York last week. 2. She went to Berlin last month. 3. I went to London last year. 4. We went to Rome last month. 5. They went to Geneva last year. 6. You went to Stockholm last week. 7. He went to Madrid yesterday.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense.

1. I am sure that you (like) our new house. 2. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch. 3. I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year. 4. I hope I (find) it. 5. I (remember) this day all my life. 6. You (need) a visa to go to Spain. 7. We (help) our mother on Sunday. 8. Peter (meet) you in the airport.

Exercise 3. a) Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense.

b)Put these sentences into the question form. Give short answers.

1.I (do) my homework in the evening. 2. They (tell) us about their

work.

3.John (see) his friend at the cinema. 4. I (be) in the dining-room at eight-o’clock.

5.He (cook) the breakfast for you. 6. We (see) you on Sunday. 7. She (get) up early tomorrow morning.

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Future Simple Tense. Mind the use of the Present Simple Tense in Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition with the Meaning of the Future.

e.g. If you don’t go to bed early tonight, you’ll feel very tired tomorrow morning.

1. The old gentleman doesn’t go out in winter. He (go) out when the weather (get) warmer. 2. I (wait) for the doctor until he (come) back from the hospital. 3. I’m afraid the old woman (die) before she (see) her son. 4. The teacher said, “I (begin) the lesson as soon as Jack (stop) talking”. 5. He (not pass) the examination next summer if he not (work) much harder. 6. He (have) a bad accident if he (not drive) more carefully.

7. She’s flying to Rome tomorrow. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as she (arrive). 8. She told her guests, “We (have) lunch when my son (come) home from school”. 9. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi. 10. I (not speak) with him again if he (not apologize). 11. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 12. I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed. 13. I’m sure he (write) to me as soon as he (know) my new address. 14. Peter has borrowed my dictionary. He (give) it back when he (see) me

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tomorrow. 15. The postman (start) work tomorrow before the sun (rise). 16. The little boy (not be) happy until his father (buy) him a bicycle. 17. She (wash) my shirts tomorrow if she (have) time. 18. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 19. If he (not run) he (not catch) the train. 20. If you (think) it over you (see) that I am right. 21. If you (learn) another language you (get) a better Job. 22. He (mind) if I bring my dog? 23. What your father (say) when he (hear) about this accident? 24. His father (not give) him more money until he (learn) not to waste it. 25 He said, “I (not retire) before I (be) sixty-five”.

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with prepositions of location.

1. Nelly usually sits ... this desk. 2. He makes a lot of mistakes ... his spelling. 3. The man walked quickly ...the room and sat down. 4. We have read about the accident ... the newspaper this morning. 5. The boat moved slowly ... the coast. 6. We live a long way ... the airport. 7. She almost got run over when she walked ... the road.. 8. The book is ...the desk. 9. He walked ... the room. 10. She looked ... the window. 11. The ship was five miles ... the port. 12. The Rocky Mountains are west ...the Mississippi River. 13. Do you usually have dinner ... home or ... the restaurant? 14. Our office is two blocks... ... the shopping center. 15. They stopped overnight ... Leeds. 16. They met ... the corner ... Regent Street. 17. The wind blew the paper ...

the window. 18. The horse jumped ... the fence. 19. The ball rolled ... the table. 20. She walked quickly ... the door. 21. She walked ... the street and looked at all the shop windows, 22. The thief climbed ... the house ... an open window. 23. The plane flew ... our house. 24. They plan to take a trip ... the world. 25. He arrived ... school ten minutes late. 26. She lives far ... here. 27. He looked ... ... the window but saw nothing. 28. The wind blew his hat ... . 29. He left his hat ... the chair. 30. Where is the cat? – It is ... the bed. 31. I met Laura

... my way ... school. 32. The button fell ... the shirt. 33. Don’t drink ... ... that glass!

Exercise 6. Put in the right form of the adjective.

1. This man is (tall) than that one. 2. Asia is (large) than Australia. 3. The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi. 4. Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 5. Mary is a (good) student than Lucy. 6. The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 7. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town. 8. She speaks Italian (good) than English. 9. Is the word “newspaper” (long) than the word “book”? 10. The Thames is (short) than the Volga. 11. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean. 12. Chinese is (difficult) than English. 13. Spanish is (easy) than German. 14. She is not so (busy) as I am. 15. It is as (cold) today as it was yesterday. 16. She is not so (fond) of sports as my brother is. 17. Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday. 18. This book is

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(interesting) of all I have read this year. 19. January is the (cold) month of the year. 20. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do. 21. Which is the (hot) month of the year? 22. Which is the (beautiful) place in this part of the country? 23. This nice-looking girl is the (good) student in our group.

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense:

1. I (know) the result in a week. 2. You (be) in Rome tonight. 3. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 4. It (matter) if I don’t come home till morning? 5. You (be) able to drive after another, five lessons. 6. Do you think that he (recognize) me? 7. Unless he runs he (not catch) the train. 8. He (lend) it to you if you ask him. 9. I hope I (find) it. 10. If petrol pump attendants go on strike we (not have) any petrol. 11. He (believe) whatever you tell him. 12. I (remember) this day all my life. 13. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch. 14. If he works well I (pay) him £10. 15. I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year. 16. If you think it over you (see) that I am right. 17. If you learn another language you (get) a better job. 18. I am sure that you (like) our new house. 19. Newspaper announcement: The President (drive) along the High Street in an open carriage. 20. He (mind) if I bring my dog? 21. You (need) a visa if you are going to Spain. 22. If you open that trapdoor you (see) some steps. 23. You (feel) better when you’ve had a meal. 24. He (be) offended if you don’t invite him. 25. She (have) £1000 a year when she is twenty-one. 26. If you put any more polish on that floor someone (slip) on it. 27. I wonder if he (succeed). 28. Papers (not be) delivered on the Bank Holiday. 29. I hope he (remember) to buy wine. 30. If you leave your roller skates on the path someone (fall) over them. 31. If they fall over them and hurt themselves they (sue) you. 32. Announcement: Mrs Pitt (present) the prizes. 33. If you want twenty cigarettes you (have) to give me more money. 34. Notice: The management (not be) responsible for articles left on the seats. 35. If I drop this it (explode). 36. What your father (say) when he hears about this accident? – He (not say) much but he not (lend) me the car again.

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. He (to be) abroad five years ago. 2. You (to be) in the Caucasus last year? 3. They (to leave) England when he (to be) still a child. 4. He (not yet to come) back. 5. He (to go) already? 6. When you (to see) him last? 7.I (not to see) him for ages. 8. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 9. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early. 10. Where you (to spend) your holidays? 11. You ever (to spend) your holidays in the Crimea? 12. While travelling in the Crimea I (to meet) your friend. 13. I never (to visit) that place. 14. He (to visit) that place last year. 15. I just

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(to get) a letter from Tom. 16. You (to take) any photographs while travelling in the south?

Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense or the “be going to” form.

Remember that very often either of these can be used, but when the intention is clearly premeditated the “be going to” form must be used, and when the intention is clearly unpremeditated we must use the Future Simple Tense.

A.1. The fire has gone out. So it has. I (go) and get some twigs. 2. Did you remember to book seats? – Oh, no, I forgot. I (telephone) for them now.

3.I’ve bought a typewriter and I (learn) to type. 4. I can’t understand this letter. I (call) my son. He (translate) it for you. 5. You (buy) bread? – No, because I (not eat) it any more. I (eat) biscuits instead. 6. Look what I’ve just bought at an auction! – What an extraordinary thing! Where you (put) it? 7. Why are you taking out all your dresses? – I (shorten) the skirts. 6. That tree makes the house very dark.– Very well, I (cut) it down. 9. I hear that you’ve decided to go on a diet. When you (start)? – I (start) on Monday. 10. I haven’t bought any cigarettes because I (give) up smoking. 11. I’ve come out without any money. – Never mind, I (lend) you some. How much do you want? 12. You’ won’t need the big basket, will you? – Oh yes, I will, I (buy) a lot of vegetables. 13. I’ve planned my future for the next ten years.

– That is very clever of you. What you (do) when you leave the university?

14.I see that you have got a loom. You (do) some weaving?

B.Planned future actions can be expressed by the Present Continuous Tense with a time expression or by the “be going to” form with or without a time expression. The Present Continuous Tense is mainly used for very definite arrangements in the near future. The “be going to” form can be used more widely.

Use the Present Continuous Tense where possible in the following sentences and put the remaining verbs into the “be going to” form.

Part I

1.I (play) bridge tonight with Tom and Ann.

2.He (have) an operation next week.

3.It’s very cold. I (light) a fire.

4.We (have) some friends to lunch tomorrow.

5.I’ve bought a piano; it (be) delivered this afternoon. – Where you (put) it? – I (put) it in the dining room.

6.You (go) to the auction tomorrow? – Yes, I (go) but I (not buy) anything.

7.I’ve reminded you once; I (not do) it again.

8.I (have) my hair cut this afternoon.

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9.My nephew (come) to stay with me next weekend. – Where you (put) him? – I (put) him in the room in the tower.

10.Our class (study) German next term.

Part 2

11.I (spend) a few days in London next week.

12.The Town Council (build) a new school here.

13.What you (tell) the police? – I (tell) them the truth.

14.He (start) tomorrow.

15.The Queen (open) Parliament next month.

16.The Prime Minister (speak) on TV tonight.

17.This shop (close) down next week.

18.When you (have) your next lesson? – I (have) it on Monday.

19.I (collect) my new dress this afternoon.

20.We (take) the children to the seaside this summer.

21.I (give) him a football for his next birthday.

22.She (sing) in her first big concert next month.

Part 3

23.He (go) to Spain for his holidays. – He (fly)? – No, he (go) by boat.

24.She (see) a specialist next week.

25.He (wash) the car?

26.He (ring) me up tonight.

27.The inspector (ask) you a few questions.

28.Her parents (give) a party for her next month. They (invite) sixty

guests.

29.Have you got a ticket for the big match on Saturday? – No, I don’t even know who (play). – France (play) England.

30.They (launch) a ship this afternoon. You (come) to see it?

31.What you (do) with the money?

32.I (pick) you up at 6.30; don’t forget.

33.Where you (go) tonight? – I (go) out with Peter. He (call) for me at

eight.

34.I (compete) in the bicycle race.

Present	Be going to	Will (Shall) + Infinitive
Continuous
Nearest	Future plans.	“Objective	Smb.’s	Unplanned
future,	Intentions more	Future” (i.e.	wish to	action, “on
definite	distant (premed-	the realiza-	do or	the spot”
plans	itated)	tion doesn’t	not to	decision to
		depend on the	do	do or not to
		speaker)	smth.	do smth.

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Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous Tense or the “be going to” form.

1. My uncle (make) a speech on Friday. 2. What you (do) with this room? – I (paint) the walls. 3. I (take) my sister to the ballet tomorrow. 4. She (call) for me at six. 5. It (rain). Look at those clouds. 6. He (play) at Wimbledon next summer. 7. You (eat) all that? 8. I (meet) her at the station at ten. 9. These swans (eat) all our sandwiches. 10. She (come) out of hospital next week. 11. I (stop) here for a moment to get some petrol. 12. He (give) a lecture tonight. 13. When you (cut) the grass? 14. My grandparents (celebrate) their golden wedding next Wednesday. 15. You (reserve) a seat? 16. He (start) a new job on Friday. 17. The committee (meet) next Wednesday. 18. You (ask) him to help you? 19. You (do) anything tonight? 20. I (not stay) here another minute.

***

Practise the following according to the models.

Model 1: a) A. Have you decided when to leave?B. Yes, we’re leaving on Tuesday.

b) A. Have you decided when to meet Tom?B. Yes, we’re meeting him on Tuesday.

Have you decided when to …

1.start? 2. come back? 3. set off? 4. return? 5. interview the candidates?

6.test the new model? 7. invite your parents? 8. make your speech? 9. hire the car?

Model 2: A. Have you changed your mind about selling your house?B. No, I am going to sell it.

Have you changed your mind about…

1.repairing the car? 2. writing to your brother? 3. warning them?

4.inviting the guests? 5. accepting his offer? 6. having the party at home?

7.building a garage? 8. hiring a television set? 9. buying a car?

Exercise 11. Insert the definite or indefinite article:

There were only ... two people in ... room when I went in, ... woman and

... child. ... child was sitting at ... table by ... window, playing with ... toy, while ... woman, I thought she was ... child’s mother, was sitting in ... chair nearest to ... door reading ... magazine. Since ... Dr. Thompson was ... only doctor in ... district, I had expected his surgery to be more crowded.

Presently ... nurse opened ... door of ... consulting room and invited ...

patient in. “... doctor will see you now, ... Mrs. Smith,” she said to ... woman sitting near ... door. “Come on, Tommy,” said ... mother to ... boy, “... Dr. Thompson is waiting for us, leave ... toy here on ... chair.”

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Exercise 12. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense.

1. I (know) the result in a week. 2. You (be) in Rome tonight. 3. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 4. Do you think that he (recognize) me? 5. I hope I (find) it. 6. I (remember) this day all my life. 7. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch. 8. I am sure that you (like) our new house. 9. I hope he (remember) to buy bread. 10. I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year. 11. Jack (be) twenty years old next week. 12. I (get) up early tomorrow. 13. The mother (take) her baby to the doctor tomorrow. 14. We (have) a holiday next week. 15. Mary and her sister (wear) their new dresses tomorrow. 16. I (do) my homework this evening. 17. She (stay) at home tomorrow. 18. I (see) my mother this evening. 19. Where the children (go) in the summer holiday? – They (go) to the seaside. 20. They (stay) with us next Christmas.

Exercise 13. Complete these sentences. Use “in, at” or “on”. Model: My train arrives at 11.30. Can you meet me at the station?

1. I didn’t feel very well when I woke up, so I stayed ...........................
2.	Are they showing any good films ..........................	this week?
3. I like the countryside and the fresh air. I think I’d like to work............
4. Did you get on well with your teachers when you were ....................			?
5.	We went to see a play ........................	when we were in London.
6.	It was a very long voyage. We were ......................	for ten weeks.
7. Our flight was delayed. We had to wait.....................		for four hours.

Exercise 14. Provide the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs “to lie” or “to lay”.

1. He ... on the ground, quite still. 2 I’ve … the table for supper. 3. The doctor asked the patient to ... on the couch. 4. During my holidays I … in the sun doing nothing. 5. The soldier ... the map on the bonnet of the car. 6. Don’t ... on the grass – it’s wet. 7. The Scilly Isles ... off the south-west coast of England.

ADDITIONAL READING

Money – People’s Aim in Life ?

We live in a materialistic society. People want to possess as much as possible and only have the best. If we buy a TV-set, the neighbour immediately buys a better one. If we buy a car, the neighbour decides to buy a more expensive one or even two cars: one for himself and another for his wife. If we buy a cottage over the lake, the neighbour looks for the same. This is commonly known in England as “Keeping up with the Joneses”. And so the frantic race goes on. We want to choose better things than our neighbours, send our children to better schools and give them everything better. Our children must have the same as our neighbours in order to obtain the best

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education and better jobs. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate between the Joneses syndrome and snobbishness!

It is only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the chase for money. The money is spent on consumer goods, namely clothes, cosmetics, cars, tools, computers, food, houses etc. People do not have time to enjoy these things when they are already thinking of their replacement with a later model. They completely lose their sense of values. They think that if they possess more their dignity is raised. Only in old age or when dying do they see how precarious a balance based only on possessions is.

In poor societies people enjoy life. They smile sincerely at every stranger, invite him home, share their joys and sorrows in simple conversations. Their open houses are provided with ordinary necessary things which they do not have to guard night and day. They know that the richer you are, the more greedy you are. But the great problem of the contemporary world is how to share all those things. There are people in America who think of buying a private helicopter, and there are people in Nigeria who starve to death. The truth is the rich will never understand the poor.

Choosing is not so easy as it looks

A:Hallo, Bob’.

B:Hallo.

A:Oh, you’ve just left college haven’t you?

B:Yes.

A:What are you going to do?

B:Well, it looks like a choice between teaching or going into an office and ... I think, I’d much prefer to go in for teaching, because... well, you get

long holidays.

A:But, Bob, wouldn’t you get bored with the same routine year after year teaching... teaching the same material to the children. And ... the sense of responsibility you need – all those children, all those parents.

B:Oh, look, it wouldn’t be as boring as ... as working in an office.

Teaching is terribly stimulating. It’s ... new every day. I’m sure I’d enjoy it.

A:But I mean, there’s so much variety in office work! Look at my job: I’m dealing with people and their problems, there’re new situations to cope with all the time.

B:Yes, that’s quite true, but I think there are a number of differences between teaching and office work, and, well, I think I’ll go for teaching because ... it really attracts me.

Staying on in education

Look closely at your motives. If you are staying on because you have a genuine passion for your subject, you want to make a career in the academic world or you know you need a further degree for the field of work you plan to enter, fine. But, if it’s just because you can’t think what else to do, think again.

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Starting at the bottom

If you’re having trouble getting your dream job, consider lowering your sights and taking a less skilled position, just to get a foothold on the career ladder.

Once you’re there, join any staff associations and volunteer for any extra activity to give you further experience and raise your profile in the organization.

Work experience

Most large companies are happy to take students on work experience for one or two weeks and this could prove more valuable than paper qualifications in your search for work. It also gives you a chance to sample different areas of work without committing yourself.

General skill gathering

The better armed you are with knowledge and experience the better your chances. If no job calls, don’t worry. Take driving lessons, learn to type, study a foreign language – it will all help in the long run. If you can’t afford to attend a proper course in something, teach yourself or get other people to help you. Read the papers to make sure you’re abreast of current affairs which will often crop up in interviews.

Vocational training

This could be complementary to your current speciality (e.g. a teaching qualification on top of a languages degree), but it could be in something completely different. There is no reason why an English graduate can’t go on to train as an accountant.

You may find an employer willing to provide vocational training.

Travelling

Whether you go off for a month, six months or a year, travelling can throw up all sorts of new ideas and give you a new perspective on what you really want out of life.

As you meet people from around the world and experience new cultures, it can also give you an international outlook and awareness that’s becoming important to employers.

Working for yourself

After the relative independence of student life you may not feel ready to become someone else’s wage slave, so why not consider being your own boss? Do you have any hobbies or interests you could turn into a business? Look around you – some people still have money to spend, so what are they spending it on and how well are their needs catered for?

Do a good deal of research before rushing into anything.

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