LESSON 3

The Present Simple Tense.Множественное число существительных. Неопределенные местоимения some и any. Отрицательное местоиме˝ние no. Местоимения, производные от some, any, no, every. Неисчисляемые и исчисляемые существительные. Местоимения much/many, a lot of, few, a few, little, a little. Объектная форма личных местоимений. Повелительные предложения. Альтернативные вопросы.

Text 1

Read the text and answer the questions given below. Tell the students about your week-day.

My Week-day

I get up at a quarter to seven. I jump out of bed, switch on the radio and do my morning exercises to the radio music. Then I go to the bathroom, wash and clean my teeth. This does not take me much time, not more than ten or fifteen minutes. Then I dress and sit down to table to have my breakfast. I usually have a cup of tea or coffee, a few eggs and bread and butter.

After breakfast I go to the Institute. As I live far away, I go by bus or by metro. It takes me much time to go to the Institute. If I have little time, I go by metro. My lessons begin at ten minutes to 9. We have three lectures or seminars every day. At a quarter to one we have a lunch hour.

As I cannot get home for lunch, I take it at the dining-|room of our Institute.

For lunch I have a little meat or fish with potatoes and a cup of strong tea or coffee with a pie. At twenty minutes past two the lessons are over, and I go home. When I get home, I have dinner. My dinner usually consists of three courses.

For the first course I have some soup, then some meat or fish. For dessert I have a little stewed fruit or ice-cream. After dinner I help my mother to wash up the dishes. Then I do my lessons. This usually takes me about two hours.

At eight or nine o’clock I have supper. I have some salad, a slice of sausage and much bread, a little sour milk or cereal.

In the evening I like to listen to music or watch TV. If the programme is not interesting, I go to the cinema or to the theatre. Sometimes, I go for a walk with my friends. We talk about different things and usually have a good time.

At 11 o’clock I go to bed.

1.When do you get up?

2.What do you do in the bathroom?

3.What do you usually have for breakfast?

4.When do you get home after classes?

5.What do you usually have for dessert?

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6.What do you do after dinner?

7.What do you like to do in the evening?

8.When do you go to bed?

Text 2

Read the text and translate it in writing.

Daily Routine

I’m a student. Many people think that students live a lazy life. But it isn’t so. I get up early to come to my classes in time. It’s not very difficult for me as I’m an early riser, as everybody in our family. I prefer to take a shower in the morning but sometimes I simply wash, dress, brush my hair and have breakfast. On my days-off I always cook something tasty but my usual breakfast is a cup of tea or coffee with some sandwiches.

My University is rather far from my house so I take a bus to get there. The underground isn’t convenient for me because the nearest station is 15 minutes’ walk from my house. It takes me 40 minutes to get to the University.

At last I’m at the University, where I spend most of my day. The University is the place where I feel myself at home, it is the centre of my activities. I do my best to work hard at the lectures and seminars. After my classes which are over at 13.45 I have dinner at the canteen as I don’t go home. Then I hurry to the library or to the reading hall to get ready for the next day. Only at 7 p.m., tired and hungry, I come home. But my day isn’t over. I have a lot of ideas for my evening: to walk with my dog in a quiet corner of the yard, to speak on the phone with my friend, to see a thriller on my new VCR.

So at 20.00 our family has supper. And after supper all my plans and ideas unfortunately fly away because I’m so tired that I can only make myself comfortable in front of the TV-set and watch a film or read a book or help my mother about the house. Still I find time to call my friend and we make some plans for the weekend.

It’s already 11.30 p.m. and it’s time to go to bed.

ORAL PRACTICE

Learn the following dialogues by heart. Act them out.

1

-Hello, Ann. How are you getting on?

-Hello, Susan. Frankly speaking, so-so.

-Why? You look rather tired!

-I say, the problem is I must get up very early these days and as you know I’m not an early riser. I can’t awake at 6 a.m. by myself, so I set my alarm clock and get nervous all night. My boss asked me to start my office hours at 7.45 this month. So I’m looking forward to the end of the month.

-Cheer up, dear. There are only 4 days left to the end of it.

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2

-Hi, John, glad to see you.

-Hi, George, nice to meet you too. Where are you going?

-To the University.

-Well, on foot. Why don’t you take a bus?

-It’s a fine day today. And I usually walk to the University. It takes me about 20 minutes to get there and I’m always in time. Besides, buses start getting on my nerves.

-Why don’t you go by metro?

-It’s not very convenient for me as there’s no station near my place.

***

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Does, look through, differ, wake up, spend, are, want, go, stay, go, do, takes, begin, wash, insists, put on, calls for, go, makes, is, dry, have, rush, hurry, switch, don’t, see, want, doesn’t, forget, do, dress, have, are, sweep, go, sit down, watch, read, go.

My week-day

My week-days … differ much one from another. I … to school six days a week. That’s why, I … at 7 o’clock every morning. Sometimes I … in bed for some more time but my mother always … on my getting up. I … my bathrobe and slippers and unwillingly … to the bathroom. A cold shower … me feel not so sleepy, then I … myself on a towel and … to the bedroom. I … on a TV-set, it … just the time for a cartoon. You may ask me why I … do my morning exercises. From time to time, when I … smiling slim girls on TV briskly doing their exercises to music, I … to get up earlier and do my morning exercises every day, but it … last long and soon I … about it.

Then I … my bed, … myself and … my breakfast. At a quarter to eight I … to the institute, it usually … me 10 minutes to get there. My classes … at 8 o’clock, and every day I …three lectures or seminars.

At 3 o’clock the classes … over, and I … home. After dinner, I … some work about the house (… dishes, … the floor, … shopping) and … to my lessons. I … a great deal of time on them. At 8 o’clock all my textbooks and notebooks … put into a bag, and I can … TV or … a book, … papers and magazines. Sometimes, when my friend … me we … for a walk. At eleven o’clock, tired after a long working day, I … to bed and in some minutes fall asleep.

Answer the following questions.

1.When did you have to wake up when you went to school?

2.When did you go to the bathroom?

3.When did you hurry to your bedroom?

4.When did you swear you would do your morning exercises?

5.At what time did you rush to school?

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6.How many lessons did you have every day?

7.Did you do some work about the house?

8.What work did you do about the house?

9.What did you do in the evening?

10.When did you go to bed?

11.Did you fall asleep at once? Why?

***

When you come for an interview, at parties and in other formal and informal situations you meet people you haven’t met before and have to introduce yourself to them, or they introduce themselves to you, you also often have to introduce people you already know to one another. The following information will help you to make such introductions and respond to them in a proper way.

I. Formal
A. Mother/Father/Mr. Bell/			B. How do you do?
Mr. Thompson … may I introduce …?
my teacher Miss Blake;			C. How do you do?
Dr. Rust; the Dean;			Pleased to meet you. (less formal)
Dick Smith, a friend of mine
II. Less formal
A. Tom/ Mike/ Mary … let me			B. How do you do?
introduce you to…
my sister Judy;			C. How do you do?
my mother/father;			I’m pleased to meet you.
Miss Blake, my teacher

III. Informal

A. Tom/ Mike/ Mary … I’d like you to meet … . I don’t

think you’ve met … . Have you met …?

This is … . my sister Judy; my friend Dick Smith;

my girlfriend Sandra

B.Hallo, Judy/ Dick/Sandra.

C.Hallo/Pleased to meet you, Tom/Mike/Mary.

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III. Introducing oneself

Formal	Informal
A. Good morning/afternoon/evening,	Hallo, my name is … .
my name is … .
B. How do you do? Hallo,
(I’m) pleased to meet you. My name’s … .

Read the dialogues; pick out phrases of introduction and response; state whether each of the situations is formal or informal; practise the conversations together with your fellow-students.

Introductions

Herbert: Mum, I’d like you to meet Milly. We do biology together at school.

Mum: Hallo, Milly, pleased to meet you. Would you like a cup of tea? Milly: Yes, please. Can I give you a hand?

Mum: It’s OK, thanks, dear. You and Herbert go into the living-room.

* * *

Sandra: Hi, Bob! How are you? Bob: Fine, thanks. How about you?

Sandra: I’m OK. Bob, I don’t think you know Martin, do you? Martin, this is Bob. Martin: Hallo, Bob. You play football very well, don’t you?

Bob: Yes, that’s right. I play for the second eleven.

Role-play

Introduce:

1. a friend to your mother/father. 2. yourself to a student from another group. 3. yourself to a professor. 4. a friend/your wife/husband/brother to

your teacher. 5. your teacher to your parents.

Your fellow-students will act as partners and respond to the introductions.

***

Read the texts. Close the book and try to tell your group-mates what you have learnt from the texts.

À) I get up at 7 o’clock in the morning, I do my morning exercises, wash and dress. Then I sit down to breakfast. At 8 o’clock I leave home and go to the Institute. As a rule I come to the Institute at a quarter to 9. The lessons begin at 9 sharp. Today we have two lectures, a seminar and an English lesson. At our English lessons we read the texts, ask and answer questions and do all sorts of exercises. We do not write many exercises. We write few

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exercises at the lesson. We usually write exercises at home. We speak English at the lessons. We speak English a little now, but we want to speak English well.

At about I o’clock I generally have dinner at the students’ canteen. I come home at about 6 o’clock. I have supper and do my homework. I always do my homework in the evening, but I never work late in the evening. At 11 o’clock I go to bed.

B) The Smiths live at 87 King Street. In the morning Mr Smith goes to work and the children go to school. Their father takes them to school every day. Mrs Smith stays at home every day. She does the housework. She always eats her lunch at noon. In the afternoon she usually sees her friends. They often drink tea together. In the evening the children come home from school. They arrive home early. Mr Smith comes home from work. He arrives home late. At night the children always do their homework. Then they go to bed. Mr Smith usually reads his newspaper, but sometimes he and his wife watch television.

Answer the following questions.

A.1. Do you get up early in the morning? 2. What time do you get up?

3.What do you usually do in the morning? 4. Do you come to the Institute early or late? 5. What time do the lessons begin? 6. What do you do at your English lesson? 7. Do you have dinner at home or at the students’ canteen? 8. What time do you have dinner? 9. When do you come home? 10. What do you do in the evening? 11. Do you go to bed at 9 o’clock?

B.1. Where do the Smiths live? 2. Does Mr Smith go to work in the morning?

3. Do the children go to school in the morning? 4. Does Mrs Smith go to work? 5. What does she do at home? 6. When do the children come home from school? 7. Do the children watch television at night? 8. Who watches television at night? 9. Do Mr and Mrs Smith watch television every night?

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Read and try to explain how the Imperative Mood is formed.

Come in, please. Close the door. Come here. Sit down, please. Take that book and give it to Peter. Now take the pencils from him and put them into the bag. Take your exercise-book out of the bag and put it on the table in front of me. Thank you.

Stand up, please. Go to the blackboard. Take a piece of chalk and write the word “English” on the blackboard. Now read this word, please.

Go to the door. Open the door, please. Go out of the room.

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Exercise 2. Make up additional information as given in the model. Model: This is a new English book. (Mary). Give.

Give the book to Mary.

1. This is a difficult exercise, (him) 2. There is an interesting story in the book, (the students) 3. This is his pencil. (Mike) 4. This is a nice picture. (Ann) 5. There are books on the table, (us) 6. There is a duster on the blackboard, (me) 7. This is a new ball, (your little sister) 8. There are beautiful flowers on the table, (mother) 9. This is a pretty kitten. (her)

Exercise 3. Practise the following according to the model. Put the nouns into the plural form.

Model: There is a box on the chair.

There are some boxes on the chair. There are no boxes on the

chair.

1.There is a table in the room. 2. There is a big clock on the wall.

3.There is a flower on the floor. 4. There is a lamp on the desk. 5. There is a nice dress in the wardrobe. 6. There is an apple on the plate. 7. There is a tree in the yard. 8. There is a dog in this house.

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with “a lot “, “a lot of”, “much”, “many”.

Model: Do you drink ....... much ..... tea?

I like reading. I’ve got ....a lot of.... books.

1.There isn’t … milk in the fridge.

2.It costs … money to travel round the world.

3.Please be quick! I haven’t got … time.

4.They didn’t ask me … questions.

5.There was … food at the party but I didn’t eat.

6.We saw … interesting things in the museum.

7.George knows … about economics.

8.We went on a cheap holiday. It didn’t cost … .

9.“Did you enjoy the party? ” “No, not … .”

10.Most of the town is modern. There aren’t … old buildings.

11.Most people in the town have jobs. There isn’t … unemployment.

Exercise 5. Insert ”much” or ”many”.

1.… people want to see this play.

2.I don’t drink ... wine.

3.How... sheets of paper do you want?

4.Hurry up! You haven’t got... time.

5.How... does it cost?

6.We haven’t had ... rain this summer.

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7.How... time does it take to go there?

8.How ... times have you been there?

9.How ... butter did you buy?

10.How... apples did you buy?

11.He doesn’t eat... fruit.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Look at the blackboard! 2. Write, please. 3. Don’t write now! 4. Don’t talk!

5.Open the book, will you? 6. Close the door, please. 7. Don’t go alone.

8.Take the book, won’t you? 9. Don’t take the pencil. 10. Make coffee for us, please. 11. Tell her everything, please. 12. It is dark. Let us go home, will you? 13. Let her translate this text. 14. Let us discuss this question at the meeting. 15. Let him bring the map. 16. Take the chalk and write! 17. Read the text, won’t you? 18. Let’s translate the text. 19. Let’s speak English. 20. Open your books at page 10.

Exercise 7. Make the following sentences negative. Model: Go home. – Don’t go home.

1. Put this book on the table. 2. Write the text. 3. Come in, please. 4. Put on your hat. 5. Begin to write. 6. Take a bus. 7. Use the book. 8. Read Lesson 3. 9. Help Nick. 10. Try on this hat.

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1. The children (go) to school in the morning 2. Their father (take) them to school. 3. Mrs Smith (stay) at home. 4. She (do) the housework. 5. She always (eat) her lunch at noon. 6. Mr Smith (arrive) home late. 7. At night the children always (do) their homework. 8. Sometimes Mr and Mrs Smith (watch) television.

Exercise 9. Make these sentences interrogative and negative.

À. 1. He washes his hands. 2. Their mother works in the house. 3. We come to the Institute at the same time. 4. He drinks a lot of tea at breakfast. 5. The teacher comes in and shuts the door. 6. I read newspapers every day. 7. We often drink coffee together.

Â. 1. We study English. 2. They have an English lesson every day. 3. I work late in the evening. 4. He goes to bed at 10 o’clock. 5. She sees her friends in the morning. 6. He arrives home early. 7. We write many exercises.

Exercise 10. Answer the questions, using “a little” or “a few”. Model: Have you got any money? A little.

1. Have you got any stamps? 2. Do you want any sugar? . Does he ask any questions? 4. Have we got any petrol? 5. Does he speak English? 6. Do you know many people? 7. Would you like some soup?

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Exercise 11. Answer the following questions, using “much”, “many”, “little”, “few”.

1. Are there many chairs in the room? 2. Are there many flowers in the vase? 3. Are there many spoons on the table? 4. Are there many windows in your flat? 5. Are there many trees in your garden? 6. Are there many children hi the hall?

Exercise 12. Translate the sentences into English.

1. У него очень много книг. 2. На улице немного людей. 3. В саду много цветов. 4. В этой комнате мало света. 5. У нее много детей˝. 6. У них мало времени. 7. В этом парке очень мало старых деревьев. 8. На˝ катке сейчас много детей. 9. У меня в чае слишком много сахара. 11. В эт˝ом стакане слишком мало молока. 12. У нее сейчас много денег.

Exercise 13. Fill in the blanks with “little”, “a little”, “few, “a few”.

1.We do not write many exercises at the lesson. We write … exercises.

2.I go to the cinema when I have …free time. 3. He speaks English ... , but he wants to know it very well. 4. They know ... English words, only ten. 5. Is there much chalk in the box? No, there is … chalk there. 6. I know … French words and now I read easy texts. 7. He reads ... , that’s why he knows … English words. 8. Is there any salt on the table? Yes, but very … 9. Give me ... bread for my bird.

Exercise 14. Translate the following into English.

A. 1. На письменном столе книги. 2. На письменном столе много книг. 3. На письменном столе несколько книг. 4. На письменном столе м˝ало

книг. 5. На письменном столе тетради или книги? 6. На письменно˝м столе нет книг.

Â. 1. В чашке чай. 2. В чашке много чая. 3. В чашке немного чая. 4. В чашке мало чая. 5. В чашке кофе или чай? 6. В чашке нет чая.

Ñ. 1. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 2. Твоя сестра будет завтра дома? 3. Ты будешь менеджером? – Нет, я буду экономистом. 4. Мы были на ˝юге прошлым летом. А Вы были в Москве? 5. Мой друг был вчера в инст˝итуте, а я буду там в следующий вторник.

Exercise 15. Make up sentences using the words given below.

1. Russian, she, well, speaks. 2. Me, flower, a, he, beautiful, gave. 3. A, he, student, is. 4. Have, a, I, pencil, long. 5. Not, he, schoolboy, is, a. 6. Have, I, family, large, a. 7. Name, Petrov, is, my. 8. Sister, has, a, he. 9. In, she, Gorky, lives, street. 10. On, book, there is, a, table, the.

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Exercise 16. Make the sentences interrogative. Then change general questions into alternative ones.

1.Nick is a student. 2. This factory is small. 3. My friend is a teacher.

4.I have a nice pen. 5. He gives me interesting books. 6. He speaks German well. 7. He likes my plan. 8. Nell eats fish. 9. He likes the poem. 10. I make mistakes.

Exercise 17. à) Make alternative questions. b) Make the following sentences negative.

1. We have lessons at 8 o’clock. 2. I live in Brest. 3. He usually comes home in time. 4. I like fruit. 5. My mother is a doctor. 6. My sister speaks English. 7. He lives with his parents. 8. She works much. 9. Her father is a teacher. 10. My mother likes to read.

Exercise 18. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Он хорошо пишет? 2. Она хорошо читает по-английски? 3. Вы любите читать? 4. Делает ли Миша ошибки? 5. Нравится ли вам эта˝ зеленая шляпа? 6. Вы любите кофе? 7. Они хорошо учатся? 8. Вы любите театр? 9. Что вы любите: чай или кофе? 10. Она хорошо говорит по-немецки˝?

Exercise 19. Answer the questions and give additional information as given in the model.

Model: – Is this a sitting-room? (somebody)

–Yes, it is. There is somebody in the sitting-room.

1.Is this a classroom? (somebody) 2. Is this a picture? (somebody) 3. Is that a dining-room? (someone) 4. Is that a book? (something) 5. Is this a study? (somebody, someone) 6. Is that a corridor? (something, somebody)

7.Is this a box? (something) 8. Is this a basket? (something) 9. Is that a yard? (somebody) 10. Is this a garden? (someone).

Exercise 20. Ask and answer the questions as given in the model. Model: – There is a pen on the table.

–Is there anything else on the table?

–No, there isn’t anything else on the table.

1.There are many books on the table. 2. There is a man at the table. 3. There are many flowers in the garden. 4. There is a table in the middle of the room. 5. There are 10 students in the classroom. 6. There is a pupil at the blackboard. 7. There is a picture on the wall. 8. There are five girls in the room.

9.There is a bed on the carpet. 10. There are desks and chairs on the floor.

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Exercise 21. Insert “some” or “any” making the appropriate compounds (e.g. “somebody”, “anything”, “somehow”) if necessary.

1. There’s ... milk in that jug. 2. I’m afraid there isn’t... coffee left. 3. Is there... one here who speaks Italian? 4. I’d like to buy... new clothes but I haven’t... money. 5. Are there ... letters for me? 6. I can’t see my glasses ...

where. 7. She put her handbag down ... where and now she can’t find it. 8. ...

one can tell you how to get there (i. e. everyone knows the way). 9. Is there

... one moving about downstairs? I heard ... thing falling. 10. ... thing tells me you’ve got... bad news for me.

Exercise 22. Fill in the blanks with “few”, “a few”, “little”, “a little”.

1. My sister likes ... sugar in her tea, but I like a lot in mine. 2. There was still ... time before the lesson began. 3. He has ... knowledge of the subject. You’d better ask somebody else. 4. We got ... pleasure from the trip, the weather was bad all the time. 5. Are there many vacant rooms in the hotel? – No, there are only .... 6. There is ... sunshine in this rainy place. 7. She said she wanted to buy … rice and bread and … oranges. 8. Do many people know about this new shop? – No, only … .

Exercise 23. The following nouns are not all countable. Make them plural.

An apple, a child, news, a fish, an idea, weather, a woman, a poem, a chair, knowledge, wool, a pupil, a TV-set, a scarf, yogurt, a dress, a shop, money, a customer, milk, a shelf.

ADDITIONAL READING

My Friend’s Working Day

My friend’s name is Victor. He is about thirty years old. He has a wife and a son. His son is three years old.

Victor works at the plant as a turner and studies at the Evening Department of the Institute. He is very busy but he finds time for the cinema or theatre and sometimes for a football match.

This is his day.

He usually gets up at a quarter to seven. He washes his hands and face, shaves and dresses. In half an our he is ready for breakfast. During breakfast he listens to the news over the radio and reads the newspaper. At twenty minutes to eight he puts on his hat and coat and leaves the house.

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His plant is not far from his house. He does not go there by bus or by tram. He walks to his plant. He begins his work at eight o’clock. His working day lasts seven hours.

He usually comes home about four o’clock and has dinner. After dinner he has a rest and takes his son for a walk.

At six o’clock he is at the Institute and stays there till ten o’clock. He does not study at the Institute on Wednesday. On that day he usually reads up before lectures and seminars at home or at the library. He goes to bed about twelve o’clock.

Sunday is a holiday. On Sunday he and his wife do not work. They have a rest. They go into the country and in the evening they sometimes go to the cinema or to a concert.

Touchy Topics

In North America when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like family, work, school or sports. They ask questions like “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, “Where do you work?”, “What school do you go to?” and “Do you like sports?”. They also ask questions like “Where do you come from?” and “Where do you live?”. These are polite questions. They are not personal or private.

But some things are personal and private, and questions about them are not polite. People don’t ask questions about a person’s salary. They don’t ask how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask older people questions about politics or religion unless you know them very well. People don’t ask unmarried people “Why are you single?”, and they don’t ask a married couple with no children “Why don’t you have any children?”

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